| 词条 | Social Liberal Party (Brazil) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Social Liberal Party | native_name = Partido Social Liberal | logo = File:Partido Social Liberal logo.svg | colorcode = {{Social Liberal Party (Brazil)/meta/color}} | abbreviation = PSL | leader1_title = President of Brazil | leader1_name = Jair Bolsonaro | leader2_title = President | leader2_name = Luciano Bivar | foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|1994|10|30}} | headquarters = SHN, Quadra 02, Bloco F, Ed. Executive Office Tower, Sala 1.122 – Brasília, DF | membership = 241,439[1] | membership_year = July 2018 | ideology = Conservatism Brazilian nationalism[2] Liberal conservatism[3] Social conservatism[4] Economic liberalism[5] Fiscal conservatism Right-wing populism[6] National conservatism[7] Militarism[8] Christian right[9] Anti-communism[2] Minority: Monarchism[10][11][12] | position = Right-wing to far-right[13] | colours = {{colorbox|#203B78|border=black}} Blue {{colorbox|#FFEB3B|border=black}} Yellow {{color box|{{Social Liberal Party (Brazil)/meta/color}}|border=black}} Green | blank1_title = TSE Identification Number | blank1 = 17 | seats1_title = Seats in the Chamber of Deputies | seats1 = {{composition bar|52|513|hex={{Social Liberal Party (Brazil)/meta/color}}}} | seats2_title = Seats in the Senate | seats2 = {{composition bar|4|81|hex={{Social Liberal Party (Brazil)/meta/color}}}} | seats3_title = Governors | seats3 = {{composition bar|3|27|hex={{Social Liberal Party (Brazil)/meta/color}}}} | seats4_title = State deputies | seats4 = {{composition bar|76|1035|hex={{Social Liberal Party (Brazil)/meta/color}}}} | seats5_title = City councillors (2016) | seats5 = {{composition bar|878|57720|hex={{Social Liberal Party (Brazil)/meta/color}}}} | website = {{url|psl.org.br}} | country = Brazil }} The Social Liberal Party ({{lang-pt|Partido Social Liberal|links=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Social_Liberal}}, PSL) is a far-right conservative political party in Brazil. Founded in 1994 as a social liberal party, the PSL was registered on the Superior Electoral Court in 1998. In January 2018, former Social Christian politician Jair Bolsonaro joined the party and later converted it into an economically liberal, nationalist, radically anti-communist and social conservative party. The original name remained after the ideological shift, and after Livres (the party's original main wing) left the party and formed their own political movement to continue the party's original goals. Bolsonaro became the party's nominee for the 2018 presidential election and won in both rounds. HistoryPSL was originally founded on 30 October 1994 by businessman Luciano Bivar as a social liberal party.[14] It was registered on the Superior Electoral Court on 2 June 1998.[15] In the 2002 legislative elections, PSL won 1 out of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and no seats in the Federal Senate. In the 2006 legislative elections, the party won no seats in the Chamber of Deputies or the Federal Senate. In the 2010 legislative elections, PSL won 1 seat in the Chamber of Deputies and no seats in the Federal Senate, maintaining the same results in the 2014 legislative elections. In 2015, PSL underwent a reform led by the internal social liberal wing Livres, with names such as political scientist {{ILL|Fábio Ostermann|pt|Fábio Ostermann}} and journalist Leandro Narloch reinforcing the party's affiliation with social liberal policies.[16][17] PSL also supported the impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff.[18] On 5 January 2018, conservative and former Social Christian politician Jair Bolsonaro became a member of the party, which prompted the Livres wing to leave the party in protest of Bolsonaro's social conservative views. After the exit of Livres, the party followed a national conservative path, changed its colors from purple to the more nationalist blue, yellow and green (the colors of Brazil’s flag) and since then has discussed a name change either to Republicans (Republicanos) or Mobilize (Mobiliza).[19] On 5 March 2018, Bivar stepped down from party’s presidency and Gustavo Bebianno was appointed as acting president. Bolsonaro eventually became PSL’s nominee for the 2018 presidential election, exceeding polling forecasts to receive 46% of the popular vote in the first round.[20] Bolsonaro's coattails helped elect 55 deputies and 4 senators from PSL, which will make it the largest political party in the next Chamber of Deputies.[21] It also became the largest single party in the legislative assemblies of both Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.[22][23] On 28 October 2018, Bolsonaro was elected President with 55.13% of the votes, defeating Workers' Party's Fernando Haddad.[24] He took office on 1 January 2019.[25] On 29 October 2018, Bivar was re-appointed as party’s president.[26] OrganizationIdeology and policiesSince Bolsonaro's entrance in the party, PSL has changed much of its ideologies, abandoning its former socially liberal policies and keeping its economic liberal policies, supporting privatisation and decentralisation while at the same time adopting socially conservative policies regarding abortion, legalization of marijuana and teaching of gender identity in schools.[2] Electoral historyPresidential elections
Legislative elections
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados|title=Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados|publisher=Superior Electoral Court|language=Portuguese|date=July 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}} {{s-start}}{{succession box|title=Numbers of Brazilian official political parties|before=16 – USWP (PSTU)|after=18 – NETWORK (REDE)|years=17 – SLP (PSL)}}{{s-end}}{{Brazil political parties}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.pslnacional.org.br/?p=1360/|title=Em que acreditamos|publisher=Social Liberal Party|language=Portuguese|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,bolsonaro-uniu-agenda-liberal-ao-conservadorismo,70002568761|title=Bolsonaro uniu agenda liberal ao conservadorismo|date=28 October 2018|language=Portuguese}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/politica/noticia/2018/01/bolsonaro-decide-concorrer-a-presidencia-pelo-psl-cjc2fakbg00vm01psf9t5hetf.html/|title=Bolsonaro decide concorrer à Presidência pelo PSL|last=Scuch|first=Matheus|publisher=GaúchaZH|date=5 January 2018|language=Portuguese|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/blog-do-fucs/com-chegada-de-bolsonaro-livres-anuncia-saida-do-psl/|title=Com chegada de Bolsonaro, Livres anuncia saída do PSL|last=Fucs|first=José|newspaper=O Estado de São Paulo|language=Portuguese|date=5 January 2018|accessdate=6 November 2018}}. 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/far-right-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-favored-in-divisive-brazil-presidential-election-2018-10-28/|title=Far-right populist Jair Bolsonaro wins divisive Brazil presidential election|last1=Pearson|first1=Samantha|last2=Magalhaes|first2=Luciana|publisher=MarketWatch|date=28 October 2018|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-46026867/|title=Jair Bolsonaro seeks top judge to become Brazil justice minister|publisher=BBC News|date=30 October 2018|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/pt-br/noticias/eleicoes/com-discurso-militarista-psl-de-bolsonaro-lan%C3%A7a-major-ol%C3%ADmpio-ao-senado/ar-BBLwpPO/|title=Com discurso militarista, PSL de Bolsonaro lança Major Olímpio ao Senado|last=Venaglia|first=Guilherme|publisher=MSN|language=Portuguese|date=5 August 2018|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/03/a-political-rupture-far-right-ready-to-roll-in-bolsonaros-brazil/|title=‘A political rupture’: far right ready to roll in Bolsonaro’s Brazil|publisher=The Guardian|date=3 November 2018|accessdate=7 January 2019}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/politica/republica/principe-da-familia-imperial-brasileira-sera-candidato-a-deputado-federal-ecxnxsuxmw5gb6exj9gk6qd8a|title=Príncipe da família imperial brasileira será candidato a deputado federal|newspaper=Gazeta do Povo|language=Portuguese|date=2 March 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://conexaopolitica.com.br/brasil/monarquistas-se-aproximam-de-bolsonaro-e-reforcam-base-de-apoio-do-presidenciavel/|title=Monarquistas se aproximam de Bolsonaro e reforçam base de apoio do presidenciável|last=Holderf Nascimento|first=Raul|publisher=Conexão Política|language=Portuguese|date=7 May 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,o-sequito-de-bolsonaro-ja-tem-um-principe,70002295479|title=O séquito de Bolsonaro já tem um príncipe|last1=Amendola|first1=Gilberto|last2=Venceslau|first2=Pedro|work=O Estado de São Paulo|language=Portuguese|date=5 May 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 13. ^* {{cite news|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/2018/10/why-brazil-s-far-right-challenger-jair-bolsonaro-has-already-won|title=Why Brazil's far-right challenger Jair Bolsonaro has already won|last=Blunck|first=Julia|newspaper=New Statesman|date=17 October 2018|accessdate=4 November 2018}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/07/brazil-presidential-election-far-right-populist-jair-bolsonaro|title=Far-right populist Jair Bolsonaro leads as Brazil goes to vote|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom|last2=Phillips|first2=Dom|newspaper=The Guardian|date=7 October 2018|accessdate=4 November 2018}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-44919769|title=Brazil far-right politician enters presidential race|author=|publisher=BBC News|date=23 July 2018|accessdate=4 November 2018}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/28/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-election.html|title=Jair Bolsonaro Wins Brazil's Presidency, in a Shift to the Far Right|last1=Londoño|first1=Ernesto|last2=Darlington|first2=Shasta|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 October 2018|accessdate=4 November 2018}}* {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-congress-analysis/bolsonaro-transforms-tiny-brazil-party-into-congressional-powerhouse-idUSKCN1MI07Qtitle|title=Bolsonaro transforms tiny Brazil party into congressional powerhouse|last1=Federowski|first1=Bruno|last2=Marcello|first2=Maria Carolina|agency=Reuters|date=8 October 2018|accessdate=4 November 2018}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/10/brazil-election-democracy-jair-bolsonaro-lula-haddad/572470/|title=Brazil Turns Its Back on Democracy|last=Cuadros|first=Alex|newspaper=The Atlantic|date=8 October 2018|accessdate=4 November 2018}}* {{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election/brazils-far-right-bolsonaro-no-coalition-politics-in-cabinet-picks-idUSKCN1MJ27U|title=Brazil's far-right Bolsonaro: No coalition politics in cabinet picks|last1=Frederowski|first1=Bruno|last2=Mandl|first2=Carolina|date=8 October 2018|agency=Reuters|accessdate=4 November 2018|newspaper=Reuters}}* {{cite web|url=https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/politica/noticia/7324428/com-bolsonaro-extrema-direita-embarca-forte-para-vencer-nesta-eleicao|title=Com Bolsonaro, extrema-direita embarca forte (e para vencer) nesta eleição, diz analista|last=Mortari|first=Marcos|publisher=InfoMoney|language=Portuguese|date=9 March 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}}* {{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/bolsonaro-tsunami-swells-far-party-brazil-congress-200546684.html|title=Bolsonaro 'tsunami' swells far-right party in Brazil congress|last1=Miro|first1=Jordi|last2=Genot|first2=Louis|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=8 October 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}}* {{cite web|url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/08/05/politica/1533482571_722395.html|title=Mourão, o controverso general que sela a chapa puramente militar de Bolsonaro|last=Benites|first=Afonso|newspaper=El Pais|language=Portuguese|date=6 August 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}}* {{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/brazils-right-wing-presidential-frontrunner-says-hes-an-admirer-of-trump/|title=Brazil's right-wing presidential frontrunner says he's an 'admirer' of Trump|access-date=2018-11-24|language=en-US}}* {{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/09/brazil-election-all-you-need-to-know-about-jair-bolsonaro.html|title=Who is the 'Trump of the Tropics?': All you need to know about Brazil's presidential frontrunner|last=Meredith|first=Sam|date=2018-10-09|work=CNBC|access-date=2018-11-24}}* {{Cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/brazil-s-overhauled-congress-to-be-dominated-by-hard-right-1.3668388|title=Brazil's overhauled congress to be dominated by hard right|work=The Irish Times|access-date=2018-11-24|language=en-US}}* {{Cite web|url=https://www.afr.com/news/world/brazil-polls-close-rightwing-firebrand-jair-bolsonaro-expects-firstround-win-20181007-h16c1l|title=Brazil right-wing firebrand Jair Bolsonaro wins first presidential round|date=2018-10-08|work=Financial Review|access-date=2018-11-24|language=en-US}}* {{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/1412604/polls-show-brazilians-are-leaning-toward-a-trump-of-their-own/|title=Brazilians are so averse to the Workers' Party they're willing to elect a radical far-right populist — Quartz|website=qz.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-24}}* {{Cite web|url=http://time.com/money/5433548/brazil-stocks-election/|title=Emerging Markets Have Struggled All Year. Here's One Country Bucking the Trend|website=Money|language=en|access-date=2018-11-24}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.psl.org.br/|title=PSL - Partido Social Liberal 17|publisher=Social Liberal Party|language=Portuguese|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://psl.org.br/pagina/partido-social-liberal|title=Partido Social Liberal - Nossa História|last=|first=|website=psl.org.br|language=pt-br|access-date=2018-11-24}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pslnacional.org.br/|title=Partido Social Liberal|website=Pslnacional.org.br|publisher=Social Liberal Party|language=Portuguese|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://rodrigoconstantino.com/artigos/psl-se-renova-e-foca-mais-no-liberal-da-sigla-ou-its-happening/|title=PSL se renova e foca mais no "liberal" da sigla. Ou: It's happening!|last=Constantino|first=Rodrigo|language=Portuguese|date=28 January 2016|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2016-04/impeachment-de-dilma-saiba-como-votou-cada-um-dos-partidos-na-camara|title=Impeachment de Dilma: saiba como votou cada um dos partidos na Câmara|agency=Agência Brasil|language=Portuguese|date=18 April 2016|accessdate=29 October 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/deputado-jair-bolsonaro-anuncia-filiacao-ao-psl.ghtml|title=Deputado Jair Bolsonaro anuncia filiação ao PSL|publisher=G1|language=Portuguese|date=5 January 2018|accessdate=16 July 2018}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45780176|title=Jair Bolsonaro: Far-right candidate wins first round of Brazil election|publisher=BBC News|date=8 October 2018|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-08/bolsonaro-election-effect-turns-brazil-s-congress-on-its-head|title=Bolsonaro Election Effect Turns Brazil's Congress on Its Head|last1=Gamarski|first1=Rachel|last2=Adghirni|first2=Samy|publisher=Bloomberg|date=8 October 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/10/08/deputados-estaduais-sao-eleitos-no-rj-veja-lista.ghtml|title=Deputados estaduais eleitos no RJ; veja lista|publisher=G1|language=Portuguese|date=8 October 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/10/psdb-cai-pela-metade-na-assembleia-de-sp-e-psl-se-torna-principal-bancada.shtml|title=PSDB cai pela metade na Assembleia de SP e PSL se torna principal bancada|last1=Pessoa|first1=Gabriela Sá|last2=Saldaña|first2=Paulo|newspaper=Folha de S.Paulo|language=Portuguese|date=8 October 2018|accessdate=13 October 2018}} 24. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/world/the_americas/brazilians-vote-in-presidential-election-with-a-trump-fan-as-front-runner/2018/10/07/7d82d512-c65d-11e8-9c0f-2ffaf6d422aa_story.html|title=Brazil's far-right candidate takes big lead in presidential election|last1=Faiolo|first1=Anthony|last2=Lopes|first2=Marina|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=7 October 2018|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/28/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-election.html?smtyp=cur&smid=tw-nytimes|title=Jair Bolsonaro, Far-Right Populist, Elected President of Brazil|last1=Londoño|first1=Ernesto|last2=Darlington|first2=Shasta|newspaper=The New York Times|date=28 October 2018|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 26. ^{{cite news|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/um-dia-apos-vitoria-de-bolsonaro-psl-troca-presidencia-do-partido-23196896|title=Um dia após vitória de Bolsonaro, PSL troca presidência do partido|last=Grillo|first=Marco|newspaper=O Globo|date=29 October 2018|language=Portuguese|accessdate=6 November 2018}} 27. ^{{cite news |title=PSL ficará na coligação, diz assessoria de Marina Silva |url=https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/psl-ficara-na-coligacao-diz-assessoria-de-marina-silva/ |work=Exame |date=03/12/2018}} 11 : Political parties established in 1994|1994 establishments in Brazil|Conservative parties in Brazil|National conservative parties|Nationalist parties in Brazil|Political parties in Brazil|Right-wing populist parties|Right-wing populism in South America|Social conservative parties|Far-right politics in Brazil|Anti-communist organizations |
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