“Mixed Commission Court”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A Mixed Commission Court was a joint court set up by the British government with Dutch, Spanish or Portuguese representation following treaties agreed in 1817 and 1818. By 1820 there were 6 courts:^[1] This occurred during a period often referred to as Pax Britannica, a period of British hegemony following the defeat of the Napoleonic Empire.

Courts

Anglo-Portuguese Courts

During the Congress of Vienna on 21 January 1815 the British agreed to pay the Portuguese Prince Regent £300,000 in reparations for Portuguese ships seized by the British "cruizers" prior to 1 June 1814, on the basis that they were engaged in the slave trade.^[5]{{rp|73}} The next day they entered into a further treaty which prohibited Portuguese ships from engaging in the slave trade along the coast of Africa north of the equator.^[5] {{rp|77}}This was tied to a loan of £600,000 and the treaty was to be ratified within five months.^[5] {{rp|79}} Over two years later on 28 July 1817 an Additional Convention was added which included the first provision for Mixed Commissions formed of an equal number of individuals of the two nations. One was to be located in a British possession and the other in a Portuguese possession, with one on the coast of Africa, and the other on the coast of Brazil.^[5] {{rp|89}} A further Mixed Commission was also set up on a similar basis in London. While the treaty allowed Portuguese slave traders to continue their business south of the equator, the trade was forbidden to the north. The £300,000 mentioned in 1815 had not been paid, but the British agreed to pay it in two instalments of £150,000, as well as 5% interest since the earlier convention in January 1815. Full documentation of the treaty was to be available in English and Portuguese on all British ships. Further regulations governing the Mixed Commissions:

Anglo-Dutch Courts

The Mixed Commission Court in Freetown sentenced in total 22 Dutch vessels during its existence between 1819 and 1862.^[6] The Mixed Commission Court in Paramaribo sentenced only one vessel during its existence between 1819 and 1845, namely, the Nueve of Snauw in 1823.{{sfn|Emmer|2011}}^[6]

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Adderley|first1=Rosanne Marion|title="New negroes from Africa" slave trade abolition and free African settlement in the nineteenth-century Caribbean|date=2006|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|isbn=978-0-253-21827-8}}
2. ^{{cite web|last1=Davis|first1=P|title=Background|url=http://www.pdavis.nl/SlaverBackground.htm|website=William Loney RN|publisher=P Davis|accessdate=18 May 2016}}
3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Helfman|first1=Tara|title=The Court of Vice Admiralty at Sierra Leone and the Abolition of the West African Slave Trade|journal=Yale Law Journal|date=2006|volume=115|issue=5|pages=1122–1156|url=http://www.yalelawjournal.org/note/the-court-of-vice-admiralty-at-sierra-leone-and-the-abolition-of-the-west-african-slave-trade|accessdate=27 February 2016}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Shreeve|first1=Whittaker|title=African Trade, the Horrors of Slave Trade Aiding, Abetting etc.|journal=The South Australian|date=18 June 1847|pages=4|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71608542|accessdate=6 September 2014}}
5. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite book|last=Hertslet|first=Lewis|authorlink=Lewis Hertslet|title=A Complete collection of the treaties and conventions at present subsisting between Great Britain & foreign powers, so far as they relate to commerce and navigation, to the repression and abolition of the slave trade Vol II|date=1820|publisher=T Egerton, bookseller to the Ordnance|location=Whitehall|accessdate=10 December 2016}}
6. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.suriname.nu/301ges/slavenhand03.html |title=Verbod van slavenhandel |author= |date= |website=ANDA Suriname |publisher= |access-date=13 March 2017 }}