| 词条 | Models of representation |
| 释义 |
}}{{Politics}} Models of representation refer to ways in which elected officials behave in representative democracies. There are three main types: delegate, trustee, and politico. Delegate ModelA delegate is someone who is elected to represent and convey the views of others. The Delegate Model of representation suggests that representatives have little or no capacity to exercise their own judgement or preferences. They are merely elected to be the mouthpiece of their constituency and act only the way their constituents would want them to, regardless of their own opinion. Joseph Tussman, stated "The essence of representation is the delegation or granting of authority. To authorize a representative is to grant another the right to act for oneself. Within the limits of the grant of authority one is, in fact, committing himself in advance to the decision or will of another".[1]Trustee ModelA trustee is someone who acts on behalf of others, using their knowledge, experience and intelligence upon a certain field. The Trustee Model contrasts with the Delegate Model as this time constituents 'entrust' their elected representatives to represent them however they see fit, they are given autonomy to vote and behave in the best way for their constituents. Edmund Burke, who formulated the model stated in a speech "You choose a member indeed; but when you have chosen him he is not member of Bristol, but he is a member of parliament... your representative owes you, not his industry only, but his judgement; and he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to your own opinion".[2]Politico ModelThe Politico Model came about when theorists recognised that representatives rarely consistently act as just a delegate or just a trustee when representing their constituents. It is a hybrid of the two models discussed above and involves representatives acting as delegates and trustees, depending on the issue. Other ModelsThe Mandate Model views representatives as less independent actors. This came about after the emergence of modern political parties; now constituents rarely vote for a representative based on their personal qualities but more broadly, they vote for their party to be elected into government. A mandate is an order or instruction from a superior body therefore this model suggests representatives follow the party line and must carry out policies outlined during election campaigns.[3]The Resemblance Model is less concerned about the way representatives are selected and more concerned whether they resemble the group they claim to represent. It is similar to descriptive representation, they argue that to represent a group of people such as the working class or women to its full potential you must be part of that social group yourself. Therefore, only people who have shared experiences and interests can fully identify with a particular issues.[4]See also
References1. ^{{Cite book|title=The Political Theory of Thomas Hobbes|last=Tussman|first=Joseph|publisher=Unpul. diss.|year=1947|isbn=|location=|pages=117}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch13s7.html|title=Representation: Edmund Burke, Speech to the Electors of Bristol|website=press-pubs.uchicago.edu|access-date=2018-12-07}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=Politics|last=Heywood|first=Andrew|publisher=PALGRAVE MACMILLAN|year=2013|isbn=|location=New York|pages=200}} 4. ^{{Cite book|title=Politics|last=Heywood|first=Andrew|publisher=PALGRAVE MACMILLON|year=2013|isbn=|location=New York|pages=201–202}} 1 : Democracy |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。