| 词条 | Sodium laureth sulfate |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477002177 | Name = Sodium laureth sulfate | ImageFile = Sodium laureth sulfate structure.png | ImageSize = 250px | IUPACName = α-Sulfo-ω-(dodecyloxy)-poly(oxyethane-1,2-diyl), sodium salt | OtherNames = Sodium lauryl ether sulfate Sodium laureth sulphate Sodium lauryl ether sulphate |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | Abbreviations = SLES | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 9004-82-4 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = ZZQ59TY3KG | UNII_Comment = (sodium laureth-2 sulfate) | UNII1_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII1 = BPV390UAP0 | UNII1_Comment = (sodium laureth-3 sulfate) | UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII2 = 410Q7WN1BX | UNII2_Comment = (sodium laureth-5 sulfate) | PubChem3 = 23665884 | PubChem3_Comment = (sodium 2-dodecoxyethyl sulfate) | SMILES = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = none |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na | MolarMass = Variable; typically around 420 g/mol (288.38 + 44.05n) g/mol | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 1 | NFPA-R = 0 }} Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), an accepted contraction of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), is an anionic detergent and surfactant found in many personal care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste, etc.). SLES is an inexpensive and very effective foaming agent.[1] SLES, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), and sodium pareth sulfate are surfactants that are used in many cosmetic products for their cleaning and emulsifying properties. They behave similarly to soap. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na. Sometimes the number represented by n is specified in the name, for example laureth-2 sulfate. The product is heterogeneous in the number of ethoxyl groups, where n is the mean. It is common for commercial products for n= 3. ProductionSLES is prepared by ethoxylation of dodecyl alcohol. The resulting ethoxylate is converted to a half ester of sulfuric acid, which is neutralized by conversion to the sodium salt.[1] The related surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS) is produced similarly, but without the ethoxylation step. SLS and ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) are commonly used alternatives to SLES in consumer products.[1] SafetyTests in the US indicate that it is safe for consumer use. The Australian government's Department of Health and Ageing and its National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) have determined SLES does not react with DNA.[2] IrritationLike many other detergents, SLES is an irritant.[3] It has also been shown that SLES causes eye or skin irritation in experiments conducted on animals and humans.[3] The related surfactant SLS is a known irritant.[4][5][6][7] 1,4-Dioxane contaminationSome products containing SLES contain traces (up to 300 ppm) of 1,4-dioxane, which is formed as a by-product during the ethoxylation step of its production. 1,4-Dioxane is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 2B carcinogen: possibly carcinogenic to humans. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that these levels be monitored,[8] and encourages manufacturers to remove 1,4-dioxane, though it is not required by federal law.[9] See also
References1. ^1 2 Kurt Kosswig,"Surfactants" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2005, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a25_747}} 2. ^NICNAS SLES animal test 3. ^1 {{Cite journal| title = Final report on the safety assessment of sodium laureth sulfate and ammonium laureth sulfate | journal = Journal of the American College of Toxicology | year = 1983 | volume = 2 | issue = 5 | pages = 1–34 | doi = 10.3109/10915818309140713 }} 4. ^{{Cite journal|author=Agner T |title=Susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to irritant dermatitis caused by sodium lauryl sulphate |journal=Acta Dermato-venereologica |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=296–300 |year=1991 |pmid=1681644}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|vauthors=Nassif A, Chan SC, Storrs FJ, Hanifin JM |title=Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis |journal=Archives of Dermatology |volume=130 |issue=11 |pages=1402–7 |date=November 1994 |pmid=7979441 |doi=10.1001/archderm.130.11.1402}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|vauthors=Magnusson B, Gilje O |title=Allergic contact dermatitis from a dish-washing liquid containing lauryl ether sulphate |journal=Acta Dermato-venereologica |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=136–40 |year=1973 |pmid=4120956}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|vauthors=Van Haute N, Dooms-Goossens A |title=Shampoo dermatitis due to cocobetaine and sodium lauryl ether sulphate |journal=Contact Dermatitis |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=169 |date=March 1983 |pmid=6851541 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04348.x}} 8. ^{{Cite journal|vauthors=Black RE, Hurley FJ, Havery DC |title=Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic raw materials and finished cosmetic products |journal=Journal of AOAC International |volume=84 |issue=3 |pages=666–70 |year=2001 |pmid=11417628}} 9. ^FDA/CFSAN--Cosmetics Handbook Part 3: Cosmetic Product-Related Regulatory Requirements and Health Hazard Issues. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080115201046/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/cos-hdb3.html Prohibited Ingredients and other Hazardous Substances: 9. Dioxane] External links
6 : Cosmetics chemicals|Ethers|Household chemicals|Organosulfates|Organic sodium salts|Anionic surfactants |
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