| 词条 | Sodium perchlorate |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464402821 | Name = Sodium perchlorate | ImageFile = Sodium perchlorate.svg | ImageName = Sodium perchlorte | ImageFile1 = Potassium-perchlorate-unit-cell-3D-balls-perspective.png | ImageSize1 = 180px | OtherNames = Sodium chlorate(VII) Sodium hyperchlorate Perchloric acid, sodium salt |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 22668 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI = 132103 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1644700 | InChI = 1/ClHO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 | InChIKey = BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-REWHXWOFAU | SMILES = [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/ClHO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M | CASNo = 7601-89-0 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | EINECS = 231-511-9 | PubChem = 522606 | RTECS = SC9800000 | UNNumber = 1502 |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = NaClO4 NaClO4.H2O (monohydrate) | MolarMass = 122.44 g/mol | Appearance = White crystalline solid | Density = 2.4994 g/cm3 2.02 g/cm3 (monohydrate) | Solubility = 209.6 g/100 mL (25 °C, anhydrous) 209 g/100 mL (15 °C, monohydrate) | MeltingPtC = 468 | MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes, anhydrous) 130 °C (monohydrate) | BoilingPtC = 482 | BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes, monohydrate) | RefractIndex = 1.4617 |Section3={{Chembox Structure | CrystalStruct = orthorhombic |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS = ICSC 0715 | GHSPictograms = {{GHS03}} {{GHS07}} {{GHS08}} | GHSSignalWord = DANGER | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|271|302|319|373}} | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|102|220|305+351+338|338}} | NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 1 | NFPA-S = OX | FlashPtC = 400 |Section8={{Chembox Related | OtherAnions = Sodium chloride Sodium hypochlorite Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorate | OtherCations = Lithium perchlorate Potassium perchlorate Ammonium perchlorate Caesium perchlorate | OtherCompounds = Perchloric acid }} Sodium perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO4. It is a white crystalline, hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and in alcohol. It usually encountered as the monohydrate. The compound is noteworthy as the most water-soluble of the common perchlorate salts. In 2011, a study by the Georgia Institute of Technology unveiled the presence of sodium perchlorate on the planet Mars.[1] Selected propertiesIts heat of formation is −382.75 kJ/mol, i.e. it is favorable for it to decompose into sodium chloride and dioxygen.[2] It crystallizes in the rhombic crystal system.[3] UsesSodium perchlorate is the precursor to many other perchlorate salts, often taking advantage of their low solubility relative to NaClO4 (209 g/100 mL at 25 °C). Perchloric acid is made by treating NaClO4 with HCl. Ammonium and potassium perchlorate, of interest in pyrotechnics, are prepared by double decomposition from a solution of sodium perchlorate and potassium or ammonium chlorides. Laboratory applicationsSolutions of NaClO4 are often used as an unreactive electrolyte. It is used in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology. In medicineSodium perchlorate can be used to block iodine uptake before administration of iodinated contrast agents in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (suppressed TSH).[4] In animal trainingSodium perchlorate may also be used as a material to train canines to detect bomb materials.[5] ProductionSodium perchlorate is produced by anodic oxidation of sodium chlorate at an inert electrode, such as platinum.[6] ClO3− + H2O → ClO4− + 2H+ + 2 e− (acidic medium) ClO3− + 2 OH− → ClO4− + H2O + 2 e− (alkaline medium) SafetyLD50 is 2 – 4 g/kg (rabbits, oral).[6]See also
References1. ^https://www.letemps.ch/sciences/2015/09/28/eau-liquide-reperee-pentes-martiennes 2. ^WebBook page for NaClO4 3. ^{{cite book |last=Eagleson |first=Mary |authorlink= |title=Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Owuv-c9L_IMC |others=revised, illustrated |accessdate=March 7, 2013 |year=1994 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location= |isbn=9783110114515 |page=1000 |pages=}} 4. ^Becker C. [Prophylaxis and treatment of side effects due to iodinated contrast media relevant to radiological practice]. Radiologe. 2007 Sep;47(9):768-73. 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.special-dogs.de/explosivedogs.html|title=Explosives Detection Dogs|website=www.special-dogs.de|language=de|access-date=2017-07-24}} 6. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia|authors=Helmut Vogt, Jan Balej, John E. Bennett, Peter Wintzer, Saeed Akbar Sheikh, Patrizio Gallone|title=Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids|encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year=2002|publisher= Wiley-VCH|doi=10.1002/14356007.a06_483}} External links
2 : Perchlorates|Sodium compounds |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。