请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Mohammad bin Salman
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Early career

      Chief of the Court  

  3. Rise to power

      Defense Minister and Deputy Crown Prince    Crown Prince    2017 purge  

  4. Political, economic, and social changes

      Vision 2030    Domestic reforms    Human rights  

  5. Foreign affairs

      Military interventions in Syria and Yemen    2016 U.S. presidential election    Blockade of Qatar    Forced resignation of Lebanese Prime Minister    Saudi–Canadian conflict    Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi    China's camps for Muslims  

  6. Philanthropy

  7. Personal life

  8. Honours

  9. Ancestry

  10. References

  11. Further information

{{redirect|MbS|other uses|MBS (disambiguation)}}{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}{{short description|Saudi crown prince and minister of defense}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Infobox office holder
| name = Mohammed bin Salman
| office = Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
First Deputy Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
| monarch = Salman
| term_start = 21 June 2017
| predecessor = Muhammad bin Nayef
| office1 = Defense Minister of Saudi Arabia
| monarch1 = Salman
| term_start1 = 23 January 2015
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
| successor1 =
| office2= Deputy Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
Second Deputy Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
| term_start2 = 29 April 2015
| term_end2 = 21 June 2017
| monarch2 = Salman
| primeminister2 = Salman
| predecessor2 = Muhammad bin Nayef
| successor2 = Vacant
| image = Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud - 2017.jpg
| birth_name = Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|08|31|df=y}}
| birth_place = Riyadh, Saudi Arabia{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
| spouse = Sarah Bint Mashhoor bin Abdulaziz Al Saud[1]
| children = 4
| blank1 = Full name
| data1 = Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Saud
| awards = {{awd|Nishan-e-Pakistan|2019}}
| blank2 = House
| data2 = House of Saud
| parents = {{ubl | Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud | Fahda bint Falah bin Sultan bin Hathleen al-Ajmi}}
}}Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ({{lang-ar|محمد بن سلمان بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود|translit=Muḥammad bin Salmān bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd}}; born 31 August 1985),[2][3][4] colloquially known as MbS, is the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. He is currently serving as the country's deputy prime minister[5] (the title of prime minister being held by the king) and is also chairman of the Council for Economic and Development Affairs, chairman of the Council of Political and Security Affairs, and minister of defense – the world's youngest at the time of his appointment.[6] He has been described as the power behind the throne of his father, King Salman. He was appointed crown prince[7] in June 2017 following King Salman's decision to remove Muhammad bin Nayef from all positions, making Mohammed bin Salman heir presumptive to the throne.[8][9][10]

He has led several successful reforms, which include regulations restricting the powers of the religious police,[11] and the removal of the ban on female drivers.[12] Other cultural developments under his reign include the first Saudi public concerts by a female singer, the first Saudi sports stadium to admit women,[11] an increased presence of women in the workforce,[12] and opening the country to international tourists by introducing an e-visa system which can now easily be issued for foreigners from the Internet to attend events and festivals.[13] His Vision 2030 program aims to diversify the Saudi economy through investment in non-oil sectors including technology and tourism. In 2016 he announced plans to list the shares of the state oil company Saudi Aramco.[14]

Despite praise for his strides towards the social and economic liberalisation of Saudi Arabia, international commentators and human rights groups have been vocally critical of bin Salman's leadership and the shortfalls of his reform program, citing a rising number of detentions and alleged torture of human rights activists,[15] his bombing of Yemen in which war-induced famine could in 2018/2019 cause 13 million civilians to starve,[18] the escalation of the Qatar diplomatic crisis,[16] the start of the Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute, the start of a diplomatic spat with Canada, the arrest of members of the Saudi royal family in November 2017, and the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.[17][18][19] He has been described by observers as an autocratic leader, with no tolerance for dissidence against him or the Saudi Royal Family.[20]

Early life and education

Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud was born on 31 August 1985.[3][4][21] He is the son of King Salman from his third spouse,[22] Fahda bint Falah bin Sultan bin Hathleen.[1] She is a granddaughter of Rakan bin Hithalayn, who was the head of the Al Ajman tribe.[23]

Prince Mohammed bin Salman is the eldest among his mother's children;[22] his full siblings include Turki bin Salman, former chairman of the Saudi Research and Marketing Group, and Khalid bin Salman.[24] Prince Mohammed holds a bachelor's degree in law from King Saud University.[25]

Early career

After graduating from college, Mohammed bin Salman spent several years in the private sector before becoming personal aide to his father. He worked as a consultant for the Experts Commission, working for the Saudi Cabinet.[26]

On 15 December 2009, at the age of 24, Mohammed bin Salman entered politics as a special advisor to his father when the latter was the governor of Riyadh Province.[27] At this time Mohammed bin Salman began to rise from one position to another, such as secretary-general of the Riyadh Competitive Council, special advisor to the chairman of the board for the King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives, and a member of the board of trustees for Albir Society in the Riyadh region.[35]

In October 2011, Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz died, and the current King Salman began his ascent to power by becoming second deputy prime minister and defense minister in November 2011. He made Mohammed bin Salman his private advisor.[28]

Chief of the Court

In June 2012, Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud died and Prince Muhammad bin Salman moved up into the number two position in the hierarchy, as his father became the new crown prince and first deputy prime minister. He soon began remaking the court in his own image. On 2 March 2013, the chief of the Crown Prince court Prince Saud bin Nayef was appointed governor of the Eastern Province and Prince Mohammed bin Salman succeeded him in the post. He was also given the rank of minister.[29][30][31] On 25 April 2014 Prince Mohammed was appointed state minister.[32]

Rise to power

Defense Minister and Deputy Crown Prince

On 23 January 2015, King Abdullah died, Salman took the throne and Prince Mohammed bin Salman was appointed Minister of Defense.[33] He was also named as the Secretary General of the Royal Court on the same date.[34] In addition he retained his post as the Minister of the State.[35][36]

In Yemen, the political unrest (which began escalating in 2011) rapidly became a major issue for the newly appointed Minister of Defense, with rebel Houthis taking control of northern Yemen in late 2014, followed by President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi and his cabinet's resignation. Mohammed bin Salman's first move as minister was to mobilize a pan-GCC coalition to intervene following a series of suicide bombings in Sanaa via air strikes against Houthis, and impose a naval blockade.[37] In March 2015, Saudi Arabia began leading a coalition of countries allied against the Houthi rebels.[38] While there was agreement among those Saudi princes heading security services regarding the necessity of a response to the Houthis' seizure of Sana'a, which had forced the Yemeni government into exile, Prince Mohammed launched the intervention without full coordination across security services. Saudi National Guard Minister Prince Mutaib bin Abdullah, who was out of the country, was left out of the loop of operations.[39] While Prince Mohammed bin Salman sold the war as a quick win on Houthi rebels in Yemen and a way to put President Hadi back in power, however, it became a long war of attrition.[48][40]

In April 2015, Muhammad bin Nayef, who is King Salman's nephew,[41][42] and Prince Mohammed bin Salman became Crown Prince and Deputy Crown Prince, respectively, under King Salman's royal decrees.[43]

In late 2015, Prince Mohammed attended a meeting between King Salman and U.S. President Barack Obama, where the prince broke protocol to deliver a monologue criticizing U.S. foreign policy.[39] When Prince bin Salman announced an anti-terrorist military alliance of Islamic countries in December 2015, some of the countries involved said they had not been consulted.[39]

Regarding his role in the military intervention, Prince Mohammed bin Salman gave his first on-the-record interview on 4 January 2016 to The Economist, which had called him the "architect of the war in Yemen". Denying the title, he explained the mechanism of the decision-making institutions actually holding stakes in the intervention, including the council of security and political affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs from the Saudi side. He added that the Houthis usurped power in the Yemeni capital Sana’a before he served as Minister of Defense.[48][44][57]

In response to the threat from ISIL, In December 2015 Prince Mohammed established the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition (IMCTC), a Saudi-led Islamic alliance against terrorism.[45] The IMCTC's first meeting took place in Riyadh in November 2017 and involved defense ministers and officials from 41 countries.[46]

Crown Prince

Mohammed bin Salman was appointed Crown Prince on 21 June 2017, following his father's decision to depose Muhammad bin Nayef, making him heir presumptive to the throne.[47] The change of succession had been predicted in December 2015 by an unusually blunt and public memo published by the German Federal Intelligence Service,[48][49] which was subsequently rebuked by the German government.[50]

On the day he became Crown Prince, U.S. President Donald Trump called Mohammed bin Salman to "congratulate him on his recent elevation". Trump and the new crown prince pledged "close cooperation" on security and economic issues, according to the White House, and the two leaders also discussed the need to cut off support for terrorism, the recent diplomatic dispute with Qatar, and the push to secure peace between Israel and the Palestinians.[51] Mohammed bin Salman told the Washington Post in April 2017 that without America's cultural influence on Saudi Arabia, "we would have ended up like North Korea."[52]

2017 purge

{{Main|2017 Saudi Arabian purge}}

In May 2017, Mohammed bin Salman publicly warned "I confirm to you, no one will survive in a corruption case—whoever he is, even if he's a prince or a minister".[53] In November 2017, he ordered some 200 wealthy businessmen and princes to be placed under house arrest in Riyadh's Ritz Carlton hotel.[54] On 4 November 2017, the Saudi press announced the arrest of the Saudi prince and billionaire Al-Waleed bin Talal, a frequent English-language news commentator and a major shareholder in Citi, News Corp and Twitter, as well as over 40 princes and government ministers at the behest of the Crown Prince on corruption and money laundering charges.[55]

Others arrested or fired in the purge included Mutaib bin Abdullah, head of the Saudi Arabian National Guard, Adel Fakeih, the Minister of Economy and Planning, and the Commander of the Saudi Naval Forces, Admiral Abdullah bin Sultan bin Mohammed Al-Sultan.[55][56]

One hypothesis for the arrests was that they were part of a power grab on the part of Salman. The New York Times wrote:

{{cquote| The sweeping campaign of arrests appears to be the latest move to consolidate the power of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the favorite son and top adviser of King Salman. The king had decreed the creation of a powerful new anticorruption committee, headed by the crown prince, only hours before the committee ordered the arrests.[56]}} Writing for the Huffington Post, University of Delaware professor of Islam and Global Affairs, Muqtedar Khan, speculated as to whether the removal of Talal, a critic of Donald Trump, amounted to a coup.[57] BBC correspondent Frank Gardner was quoted as saying that "Prince Mohammed is moving to consolidate his growing power while spearheading a reform programme". Yet "[i]t is not clear what those detained are suspected of."[58]

Another hypothesis was that the purge was part of a move towards reform. Steven Mufson of the Washington Post argues that Crown Prince Mohammed "knows that only if he can place the royal family under the law, and not above as it was in the past, can he ask the whole country to change their attitudes relative to taxes [and] subsidies."[59] An analysis from the CBC claimed that "the clampdown against corruption resonates with ordinary Saudis who feel that the state has been asking them to accept belt tightening while, at the same time, they see corruption and the power elite accumulating more wealth".[60] Bin Salman's ambitious reform agenda is widely popular with Saudi Arabia's burgeoning youth population but faces resistance from some of the old guard more comfortable with the kingdom's traditions of incremental change and rule by consensus.[61] According to a former British ambassador to Riyadh, Bin Salman "is the first prince in modern Saudi history whose constituency has not been within the royal family, it's outside it. It's been young Saudis, particularly younger Saudi men in the street".[62] The 2018 Arab Youth Survey found that nine out of ten 18–24 year-olds in the MENA region support Bin Salman's campaign against corruption.[63]

Robert Jordan, former US ambassador to Saudi Arabia, said that "certainly Saudi Arabia has had a corruption problem for many years. I think the population, especially, has been very unhappy with princes coming in and grabbing business deals, with public funds going to flood control projects that never seem to get built... I would also say it's a classical power grab move sometimes to arrest your rivals, your potential rivals under the pretext of corruption".[64]

US President Trump expressed support for the move, tweeting "I have great confidence in King Salman and the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, they know exactly what they are doing....Some of those they are harshly treating have been 'milking' their country for years!"[65][66] French President Macron, who visited Riyadh days after the purge, when asked about the purge stated "this is not the role of a president, and similarly I would not expect a leader of a foreign country to come and infringe on domestic matters,"[67]

On January 30, 2019, the Saudi government announced the conclusion of Anti-Corruption Committee's work.[68][69]

Political, economic, and social changes

Prince Mohammed's ideology has been described as nationalist[70][71] and populist,[72][73] with a conservative attitude towards politics, and a liberal stance on economic and social issues.[74][75] It has been heavily influenced by the views of his former adviser Saud al-Qahtani[76][77] and Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed.[78][79] His style of ruling has been described as extremely brutal by journalist Rula Jebreal and authoritarian by Jamal Khashoggi[95] and Theodor Winkler.[75]

On 29 January 2015, Prince Mohammed was named the chair of the newly established Council for Economic and Development Affairs,[80] replacing the disbanded Supreme Economic Commission.[80] In April 2015, Prince Mohammed bin Salman was given control over Saudi Aramco by royal decree following his appointment as deputy crown prince.[81]

In March 2018, Prince Mohammed referred to Turkey as part of a "triangle of evil" alongside Iran and Muslim Brotherhood.[82][83]

In 2018 he voiced his support for a Jewish homeland. Saudi Arabia does not recognize Israel.[84] This is the first time that a senior Saudi royal has expressed such sentiments publicly.[85][86][87]

Vision 2030

{{Main|Saudi Vision 2030}}

Mohammed bin Salman took the leadership in the restructuring of Saudi Arabia's economy, which he officially announced in April 2016 when he introduced Vision 2030, the country's strategic orientation for the next 15 years. Vision 2030 plans to reform Saudi's economy towards a more diversified and privatized structure. It details goals and measures in various fields, from developing non-oil revenues and privatization of the economy to e-government and sustainable development.[88]

At the inaugural Future Investment Initiative conference in Riyadh in October 2017, bin Salman announced plans for the creation of Neom, a $500 billion economic zone to cover an area of 26,000 square kilometres on Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coast, extending into Jordan and Egypt.[89] Neom aims to attract investment in sectors including renewable energy, biotechnology, robotics and advanced manufacturing.[90][91] The announcement followed plans to develop a 34,000 square kilometre area across a lagoon of 50 islands on Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coastline into a luxury tourism destination with laws on a par with international standards.[92][93] In a further effort to boost the tourism industry, in November 2017 it was announced that Saudi Arabia would start issuing tourist visas for foreigners, beginning in 2018.[94]

Prince Mohammed bin Salman's biggest bet was his plan to restore the Saudi kingdom's dominance in global oil markets by driving the new competition into bankruptcy, by keeping the oil price low enough for a long enough period. Saudi Arabia persuaded OPEC to do the same. A few small players went bankrupt, but American frackers only shut down their less-profitable operations temporarily, and waited for oil prices to go up again. Saudi Arabia, which had been spending $100 billion a year to keep services and subsidies going, had to admit defeat in November 2016. It then cut production significantly and asked its OPEC partners to do the same.[48]

In the last week of September 2018, Mohammed bin Salman inaugurated the much-awaited $6.7bn high-speed railway line connecting Mecca and Medina, two holiest cities of Islam. The Haramain Express is 450 km line travelling up to 300 km/h that can transport around 60 million passengers annually. The commercial operations of the railway began on 11 October 2018.[95]

In October 2018, Mohammed bin Salman announced that the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia’s assets were approaching $400 billion and would pass $600 billion by 2020.[96]

A project to build Saudi Arabia’s first nuclear reactor was announced by bin Salman in November 2018. The kingdom aims to build 16 nuclear facilities over the next 20 years.[97] Efforts to diversify the Saudi energy sector also include wind and solar, including a 1.8 gigawatt solar plant announced in the same month as part of a long term project in partnership with SoftBank.[98]

Domestic reforms

Mohammed bin Salman significantly restricted the powers of the religious police.[39] He established an entertainment authority that started hosting comedy shows, professional wrestling events, and monster truck rallies.[39] In an interview with al Arabiya he shared his idea for "Green cards" for non-Saudi foreigners.[99]

In February 2017, Saudi Arabia appointed its first woman to head the Saudi Stock Exchange.[100][101]

In April 2017, bin Salman announced a project to build one of the world's largest cultural, sports and entertainment cities in Al Qidiya, southwest of Riyadh. The plans for a 334-square kilometre city include a safari and a Six Flags theme park.[102][103]

In February 2018, it became legally possible for Saudi women to open their own business without a male's permission.[104]

According to the Saudi Information Ministry, {{as of|2018|03|lc=yes}}, mothers in Saudi Arabia became authorised to retain immediate custody of their children after divorce without having to file any lawsuits.[105]

Further cultural developments followed in December 2017 with Saudi Arabia's first public concert by a female singer, and in January 2018 a sports stadium in Jeddah became the first in the Kingdom to admit women.[11][106] In April 2018 the first public cinema opened in Saudi Arabia after a ban of 35 years, with plans to have more than 2,000 screens running by 2030.[107][108]

The first measures undertaken in April 2016 included new taxes and cuts in subsidies, a diversification plan, the creation of a $2 trillion Saudi sovereign wealth fund, and a series of strategic economic reforms called the National Transformation Programme.[109] Bin Salman's plans to raise capital for the sovereign wealth fund included selling off shares of Saudi Aramco, the state-owned petroleum and natural gas company,[81] with the capital to be re-invested in other sectors such as to implement the diversification plans.[110] In October 2017, the plan for Aramco's IPO listing was criticised by The Economist, which called it "a mess".[111]

Mohammed bin Salman slashed the state budget, freezing government contracts and reducing the pay of civil employees as part of drastic austerity measures.[112][48]

In September 2017, bin Salman implemented the women to drive movement's multi-decade demand to lift the ban on female drivers.[113] He legislated against some elements of Saudi Arabia's Wali system, also a topic of a many decade long campaign by women's rights activists.[114]

In October 2017, he said that the ultra-conservative Saudi state had been "not normal" for the past 30 years, blaming rigid doctrines that had governed society in a reaction to the Iranian Revolution, which successive leaders "didn't know how to deal with".[115] According to him, he aimed to have Saudi Arabia start "returning to what we were before—a country of moderate Islam that is open to all religions and to the world".[116] He was telling the country's clerics that the deal the royal family struck with them after the 1979 siege of the Grand Mosque in Mecca was to be renegotiated.[117] Building an industrial culture was not compatible with Wahhabism. The Wahhabis were committed to fixed social and gender relationships. These were consistent with an economy built on oil sales, but industrialization requires a dynamic culture with social relations constantly shifting.[118]

According to Politico, {{as of|2017|lc=yes}}, Mohammed bin Salman wished to pre-empt a repetition of the downfall of the earlier Saudi states due to familial infighting, internal malaise, external frailty and failure to modernize. Mindful of this history, instead of waiting for today's Saudi state to weaken and fall, MBS's aim was to try to save the country before it collapsed.[119]

Ayaan Hirsi Ali claimed that if bin Salman "succeeds in his modernization efforts, Saudis will benefit from new opportunities and freedoms, and the world will benefit from curtailing the Wahhabi radicalization agenda. A decade from now, the kingdom could look more like the United Arab Emirates, its prosperous and relatively forward-looking neighbor."[120]

Human rights

{{See also|Human rights in Saudi Arabia}}

According to human rights groups, arrests of human rights activists have risen under Mohammed bin Salman.[121] Bin Salman has reportedly created the Tiger Squad, a team of assassins that act as a death squad, to target Saudi critics inside and outside Saudi Arabia.[122][123]

Among those detained in a wave of arrests in September 2017 were Abdulaziz al-Shubaily, a founding member of the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association (ACPRA); Mustafa al-Hassan, an academic and novelist; and Essam al-Zamel, an entrepreneur.[124][125]

Ahead of the lifting of the ban on women driving in June 2018, 17 women's rights activists were arrested, including the women to drive and anti-male guardianship campaigner Loujain al-Hathloul.[126] Eight of the 17 were subsequently released.[127] Hatoon al-Fassi, an associate professor of women's history at King Saud University,[153] was arrested shortly afterwards.[128][155]

In August that year, the human rights activist Israa al-Ghomgham and her husband – both arrested in 2015 – were put under legal threat of beheading.[129] Human Rights Watch warned that the al-Ghomgham case set a "dangerous precedent" for other women activists currently detained.[130] HRW's Middle East director Sarah Leah Whitson said, "Any execution is appalling, but seeking the death penalty for activists like Israa al-Ghomgham, who are not even accused of violent behaviour, is monstrous. Every day, the Saudi monarchy's unrestrained despotism makes it harder for its public relations teams to spin the fairy tale of 'reform' to allies and international business."[130][159][160]

Foreign affairs

Military interventions in Syria and Yemen

{{See also|Famine in Yemen (2016–present)|Human rights violations during the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)|Saudi Arabian involvement in the Syrian Civil War}}

On 10 January 2016, The Independent reported that "the BND, the German intelligence agency, portrayed...Saudi defence minister and Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman...as a political gambler who is destabilising the Arab world through proxy wars in Yemen and Syria."[43][131][132][133] German officials reacted to the BND's memo, saying the published statement "is not the position of the federal government".[50]

Mohammed bin Salman leads the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen against the Houthi rebels, who in 2015 seized Sana’a and ousted the Saudi-backed Hadi government, ending multilateral efforts towards a political settlement following the 2011 Yemeni uprising.[134][135][136] Coalition airstrikes during the intervention have resulted in thousands of civilians killed or injured,[137] prompting accusations of war crimes in the intervention.[138][139][140]

Following a Houthi missile attack against Riyadh in December 2017, which was intercepted by Saudi air defense, airstrikes killed 136 Yemeni civilians and injured 87 others in eleven days.[141][142] In August 2018, the United Nations reported that all parties in the conflict were responsible for human rights violations and for actions which could be considered war crimes.[143]

Prince Mohammed is considered the architect of the war in Yemen.[144][145] The war and blockade of Yemen has cost the kingdom tens of billions of dollars, further aggravated the humanitarian crisis in the country and destroyed much of Yemen's infrastructure, but failed to dislodge the Shiite Houthi rebels and their allies from the Yemeni capital.[146][112][43] More than 50,000 children in Yemen died from starvation in 2017.[147][148][149] The famine in Yemen is the direct result of the Saudi-led intervention and blockade of the rebel-held area.[150][151] In October 2018, Lise Grande, the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, warned that 12 to 13 million Yemenis were at risk of starvation if the war continued for another three months.[18] On 28 March 2018, Saudi Arabia, along with its coalition partner the UAE, donated US$930 million to the United Nations which, according to UN Secretary-General António Guterres, "...(will) help to alleviate the suffering of millions of vulnerable people across Yemen". The funds cover almost one-third of the $2.96 billion required to implement the UN's 2018 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan.[152] Following the Houthi missile attack against Riyadh in December 2017, which was intercepted by Saudi air defense,[153] Mohammed Bin Salman retaliated with a ten-day barrage of indiscriminate airstrikes against civilian areas in Yemen held by Houthi forces, killing dozens of children.[154]

In August 2018, a report by The Intercept cited unnamed sources claiming that former US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson had in June 2017 intervened to stop a Saudi-Emirati plan to invade Qatar, resulting in increased pressure from Saudi Arabia and the UAE for his removal from office.[155]

Following the murder of Khashoggi, the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations approved a resolution to impose sanctions on people blocking humanitarian access in Yemen and suspend arms sale to Saudi. Senator Lindsey Graham said America's relationship with Saudi Arabia "is more of a burden than an asset." He also said, "The crown prince [of Saudi Arabia] is so toxic, so tainted, so flawed."[156]

2016 U.S. presidential election

In August 2016, Donald Trump Jr. had a meeting with an envoy representing Mohammed bin Salman and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan of Abu Dhabi. The envoy offered help to the Trump presidential campaign.[157] The meeting included Joel Zamel, an Israeli specialist in social media manipulation, Lebanese-American businessman George Nader, and Blackwater founder Erik Prince.[158][157]

Upon Trump's election, support for Mohammed bin Salman was described as one of the few issues where rival White House advisers Jared Kushner and Steve Bannon agreed.[79] Mohammed bin Salman was subsequently invited to the White House and given the treatment typically afforded to foreign heads of state by diplomatic protocol, while only holding the position of Deputy Crown Prince at the time.[196] Prince Mohammed subsequently defended the Trump administration's travel ban for nationals of 7 Muslim-majority countries, stating that "Saudi Arabia does not believe that this measure is targeting Muslim countries or the religion of Islam".[159] Kushner also inquired as to how the U.S. could support Prince Mohammed in the succession process.[160] After Prince Mohammed acceded to Crown Prince, Trump reportedly said, "We've put our man on top".[161] Trump initially supported the Saudi-led blockade of Qatar,[162] despite opposition from Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and Secretary of Defense James Mattis,[163] though he later changed his position.[164] Prince Mohammed later reportedly claimed Kushner had provided intelligence assistance on domestic rivals to Prince Mohammed during the 2017–19 Saudi Arabian purge,[165] which Trump had personally expressed support for.[166] Trump and his administration also firmly supported Prince Mohammed during global backlash following the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.[167]

Blockade of Qatar

{{See|2017–18 Qatar diplomatic crisis}}

Reuters reported that Prince Mohammed "said the dispute with Qatar could be long-lasting, comparing it to the U.S. embargo of Cuba imposed 60 years ago, but played down its impact, dismissing the Gulf emirate as "smaller than a Cairo street". Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt and Bahrain cut diplomatic and trade links with Qatar [in June 2017], suspending air and shipping routes with the world's biggest exporter of liquefied natural gas, which is home to the region's biggest U.S. military base."[83]

Forced resignation of Lebanese Prime Minister

In November 2017, Mohammed bin Salman forced the Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri to resign when he visited Saudi Arabia. Mohammed bin Salman believed that Hariri was in the pocket of Iran-backed Hezbollah, which is a major political force in Lebanon. Hariri eventually was released, went back to Lebanon and annulled his resignation.[54]

Saudi–Canadian conflict

{{See also|Canada–Saudi Arabia relations}}Chrystia Freeland, Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, issued a statement via Twitter on 2 August 2018 expressing Canada's concern over the recent arrest of Samar Badawi, a human rights activist and sister of imprisoned Saudi blogger Raif Badawi, and called for the release of human rights activists.[168] In response to Canada's criticism, Saudi Arabia expelled Canada's ambassador, and froze trade with Canada.[169][170] The Toronto Star reported that the consensus among analysts indicated that the actions taken by Mohammed bin Salman were a "warning to the world — and to Saudi human rights activists — that his Saudi Arabia is not to be trifled with".[171]

Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi

{{Main|Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi}}

In October 2018, Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi journalist and a critic of the crown prince went missing after entering the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. Turkish officials reportedly believe that Khashoggi was murdered at the consulate, claiming to have specific video and audio recordings proving that Khashoggi was first tortured and then murdered, and that a medical forensics expert was part of the 15-man Saudi team seen entering and leaving the consulate at the time of the journalist's disappearance.[172] Saudi Arabia denied the accusations and Salman invited Turkish authorities to search the building as they "have nothing to hide". Saudi officials said they are "working to search for him".[173] The Washington Post reported that the Crown Prince had earlier sought to lure Khashoggi back to Saudi Arabia and detain him.[174]

According to Middle East Eye, seven of the fifteen men suspected of killing Khashoggi are members of Mohammed bin Salman's personal bodyguard.[175] John Sawers, a former head of the British MI6, stated that in his judgment of the evidence it is "very likely" that Mohammed bin Salman ordered the killing of Khashoggi.[216]

In the aftermath of Kashoggi's death, multiple commentators referred to bin Salman as "Mister Bone Saw," a play on the initials MBS. The name refers to the alleged use of a bone saw to dispose of Kashoggi's remains.[217][218]

Prince Mohammed has denied any involvement in the murder and blamed the assassination on rogue operators. However, the Western countries are not convinced and believe this couldn't have happened without the knowledge or approval of the prince. Donald Trump described the Saudi response to the killing as "one of the worst in the history of cover-ups." Trump also believes that the crown prince at least knew about the plan, he said "Well, the prince is running things over there more so at this stage. He's running things and so if anybody were going to be, it would be him."[176]

After the murder, Mohammad bin Salman's close confidant Ahmad Asiri was sacked,[177] as was former advisor Saud al-Qahtani.[178][179]

The recording of Khashoggi's killing collected by Turkish intelligence reportedly reveals that one of the members of the kill team instructed someone over the phone to "tell your boss, the deed was done." American intelligence officials believe that "boss" was a reference to the crown prince. The person who made the call was identified as Maher Abdulaziz Mutreb, a security officer who is frequently seen travelling with the prince.[180]

Seven weeks after Khashoggi's death, Saudi Arabia, in order to "distance ... Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, from the grisly murder" stated it would pursue the death penalty for five suspects charged with "ordering and executing the crime."[181][182]

On 16 November 2018, it was reported that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had concluded with "high confidence" that Bin Salman ordered Khashoggi's murder. The CIA based its conclusion on several pieces of evidence, including an intercepted conversation in which Prince Mohammed's brother Khalid offered Khashoggi assurances that it would be safe for the journalist to enter Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul. Although the CIA reportedly had not determined whether Khalid had any foreknowledge of Khashoggi's ultimate fate upon entering the consulate, it believed that Khalid conveyed this message to Khashoggi at his brother's behest. In the CIA's analysis, the killing was most likely motivated by Prince Mohammed's privately stated belief that Khashoggi was an Islamist with problematic connections to the Muslim Brotherhood, a perception that differs markedly from the Saudi government's public remarks on Khashoggi's death.[183]

On 4 December 2018, a group of United States senators were briefed by CIA Director Gina Haspel on the murder of Khashoggi. After the briefing, senators were more than certain that Mohammad bin Salman played a major role in the killing of Khashoggi.[184] GOP Senator Lindsey Graham said, "You have to be willfully blind not to come to the conclusion that this was orchestrated and organized by people under the command of MBS and that he was intrinsically involved in the demise of Mr. Khashoggi." Another GOP Senator Bob Corker said that the prince "ordered, monitored, the killing" and "If he were in front of a jury, he would be convicted of murder in about 30 minutes."[185] On 5 December 2018, UN Human Rights chief Michelle Bachelet asked for an international investigation to determine who was behind the journalist's murder.[186]

A former Saudi intelligence chief and senior member of the Saudi royal family, Prince Turki bin Faisal Al Saud, dismissed the CIA's reported finding that Mohammed bin Salman ordered journalist's killing, saying that "The CIA has been proved wrong before. Just to mention the invasion of Iraq for example."[187]

In March 2019, US senators accused Saudi Arabia for a number of repetitive misdeeds and criticized the crown prince, saying he has gone "full gangster".[188] The senators said the list of human rights violations by Saudi is too long that it has become difficult to comprehend what’s happening in the kingdom or even work with MbS.[189]

China's camps for Muslims

In February 2019, Mohammed bin Salman defended China’s Xinjiang re-education camps for Muslims, saying "China has the right to carry out anti-terrorism and de-extremisation work for its national security."[190][191][192] China has imprisoned up to 2 million Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim ethnic minorities in China's north-western province of Xinjiang in concentration camps, where they are subject to abuse and torture.[192][190] Miqdaad Versi, spokesperson for the Muslim Council of Britain, called Prince Mohammed’s remarks "disgusting" and a defence of "the use of concentration camps against Uighur Muslims".[193]

Philanthropy

Mohammed bin Salman established himself as the chairman of the Prince Mohammed bin Salman Foundation, otherwise known as MiSK, which puts in place activities empowering and enabling the younger generation, in line with Vision 2030 goals of a more developed nation.[194] The foundation was a partner of the 9th UNESCO Youth Forum for Change in 2015.[195]

The foundation focuses on the country's youth and provides different means of fostering talent, creative potential, and innovation in a healthy environment that offers opportunities in arts and sciences. The foundation pursues these goals by establishing programs and partnering with local and global organizations. It intends to develop intellectual capability in youth, as well as unlock the potential of all Saudi people.[196] Saudi journalists traveling with Prince Mohammed on foreign delegations have been paid up to $100,000 in cash.[39]

Personal life

Mohammed bin Salman's net worth is estimated at US$3.0 billion.[197] In 2015, he purchased the Italian-built and Bermuda-registered yacht Serene from Russian vodka tycoon Yuri Shefler for €500 million.[198][199] The New York Times reported that he purchased the Chateau Louis XIV in France for over $300 million in 2015.[200]

In December 2017, a number of sources reported that the Crown Prince, using his close associate Prince Badr bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Farhan as an intermediary, had bought Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi; the sale in November at $450.3 million set a new record price for a work of art.[201][202][203][204] This report has been denied by the auctioneer Christie's, the Embassy of Saudi Arabia,[205] and the Government of the United Arab Emirates, which has announced that it is the actual owner of the painting.[206] The painting is presently located at its permanent home in theLouvre Museum's extension in Abu Dhabi, UAE.[207][208]

Mohammed has travelled extensively around the world, meeting with politicians, business leaders and celebrities.[199] In June 2016, he travelled to Silicon Valley and met key people in the US high tech industry, including Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.[209]

In early 2018 Prince Mohammed visited the United States, where he met with many politicians, business people and Hollywood stars, including President Trump, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Henry Kissinger, Michael Bloomberg, George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos, Oprah Winfrey, Rupert Murdoch, Richard Branson, Mayor Eric Garcetti of Los Angeles, Michael Douglas, Morgan Freeman and Dwayne Johnson.[210][211] President Trump praised his relationship with Prince Mohammed.[212] Mohammed also visited the United Kingdom, where he met with Prime Minister Theresa May, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince William.[213]

Mohammed bin Salman married Princess Sarah bint Mashhoor in 2008, and together they have four children.[214]

Prince Mohammed's favourite pastime is playing the video game franchise Call of Duty.[79]

Honours

Foreign Honours
  • {{flagu|Pakistan}}: Nishan-e-Pakistan (18 February 2019)[215]

Ancestry

{{ahnentafel |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1=1. Mohammed Al Saud
|2=2. Salman Al Saud
|3=3. Fahda bint Falah al-Ajmi
|4=4. Ibn Saud
|5=5. Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi
|6=6. Falah bin Sultan al-Ajmi
|8=8. Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
|9=9. Sarah bint Ahmed Al Kabir bin Mohammed Al Sudairi
|10=10. Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Sudairi
|11=11. Sharifa bint Ali bin Mohammed Al Suwaidi
|12=12. Sultan bin Hathleen al-Ajmi
}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web | title=Profile: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman | publisher=Al Jazeera | date=21 June 2017 | url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html | access-date=2 January 2018 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622125509/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html | archivedate=22 June 2017 | df=dmy-all }}
2. ^{{cite web |title=Profile: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=21 June 2017 |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html |access-date=2 January 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622125509/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html |archivedate=22 June 2017 }}
3. ^1 {{cite web |title=Ministries |website=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia – Washington, DC |date=30 April 2003 |url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/ministries |access-date=2 January 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034447/https://www.saudiembassy.net/ministries |archivedate=1 December 2017 }}
4. ^1 {{cite web |title=Who is Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed? |work=BBC News|date=6 November 2017 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40354415 |access-date=2 January 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014071702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40354415 |archivedate=14 October 2017 }}
5. ^{{cite web |title=Mohammad bin Salman named new Saudi Crown Prince |url=http://tass.com/world/952543 |agency=TASS |accessdate=22 June 2017 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170622194650/http://tass.com/world/952543 |archivedate=22 June 2017 |deadurl=no |location=Beirut |date=21 June 2017}}
6. ^{{cite news |title=Mohammed bin Nayef kingpin in new Saudi Arabia: country experts |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/mohammed-bin-nayef-kingpin-new-saudi-arabia-country-experts-1500997678 |accessdate=1 February 2015 |work=Middle East Eye |date=1 February 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203221027/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/mohammed-bin-nayef-kingpin-new-saudi-arabia-country-experts-1500997678 |archivedate=3 February 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/saudi-arabia-return-moderate-open-11400298 |title=Saudi Arabia will return to moderate, open Islam and 'will destroy extremist ideas', says crown prince |author=Anthony Bond, Rachael Burford |date=24 October 2017 |work=Daily Mirror |accessdate=24 October 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024145900/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/saudi-arabia-return-moderate-open-11400298 |archivedate= 24 October 2017 |df= dmy-all }}
8. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/21/middleeast/saudi-arabia-crown-prince/index.html |title=Saudi Arabia's king replaces nephew with son as heir to throne |first=Nicole Chavez, Tamara Qiblawi and James Griffiths |last=CNN |publisher=CNN |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622120520/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/21/middleeast/saudi-arabia-crown-prince/index.html|archivedate=22 June 2017}}
9. ^{{cite news |last1=Raghavan |first1=Sudarsan |last2=Fahim |first2=Kareem |title=Saudi king names son as new crown prince, upending the royal succession line |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudi-king-names-son-as-new-crown-prince-upending-the-kingdoms-succession-line/2017/06/21/e66db88d-fecc-40fe-a902-7f9afa487de9_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_saudis230am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory |accessdate=21 June 2017 |work=The Washington Post |date=21 June 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web |title=Saudi royal decrees announcing Prince Mohammed BinSalman as the new crown prince|url=http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/saudi-royal-decrees-announcing-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-as-the-new-crown-prince |website=The National |location=Abu Dhabi |publisher=Abu Dhabi Media |accessdate=21 June 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621174949/http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/saudi-royal-decrees-announcing-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-as-the-new-crown-prince |archivedate=21 June 2017}}
11. ^1 {{cite news |author= |title=Saudi Arabia to allow women to enter stadiums to watch soccer |url=https://nypost.com/2018/01/12/saudi-arabia-to-allow-women-to-enter-stadiums-to-watch-soccer/ |work=New York Post |date=12 January 2018 |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210002344/https://nypost.com/2018/01/12/saudi-arabia-to-allow-women-to-enter-stadiums-to-watch-soccer/ |archivedate=10 February 2018}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Mohammed bin Salman's reforms in Saudi Arabia could benefit us all |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-domestic-reforms-benefit-wider-world-radical-a8237261.html |work=The Independent |date=2 March 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308191643/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-domestic-reforms-benefit-wider-world-radical-a8237261.html|archivedate=8 March 2018}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/01/22/the-other-magic-kingdom/|title=The Other Magic Kingdom|last=Baron|first=Adam|website=Foreign Policy|language=en|access-date=2019-01-25}}
14. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Saudi Arabia is considering an IPO of Aramco, probably the world’s most valuable company |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2016/01/07/saudi-arabia-is-considering-an-ipo-of-aramco-probably-the-worlds-most-valuable-company |work=The Economist |date=7 January 2016 |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823051147/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2016/01/07/saudi-arabia-is-considering-an-ipo-of-aramco-probably-the-worlds-most-valuable-company |archive-date=23 August 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-denies-rights-activists-tortured-and-sexually-harassed-jail-2116108972|title=Saudi Arabia denies rights activists tortured and sexually harassed in jail|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=24 November 2018|access-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125073907/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-denies-rights-activists-tortured-and-sexually-harassed-jail-2116108972|archive-date=25 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/26/middleeast/saudi-crown-prince-qatar/index.html|title=Saudi Crown Prince calls Qatar embargo a 'small issue'|last=CNN|first=Hamdi Alkhshali and Tamara Qiblawi,|publisher=CNN|access-date=19 November 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106061142/http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/26/middleeast/saudi-crown-prince-qatar/index.html|archivedate=6 November 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabias-prince-of-chaos_us_594acf7ee4b092ed90588b3c|title=Mohammed Bin Salman, Saudi Arabia's Prince Of Chaos|last=Hearst|first=David|date=21 June 2017|website=HuffPost|access-date=19 November 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118191307/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabias-prince-of-chaos_us_594acf7ee4b092ed90588b3c|archivedate=18 November 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@MiddleEastEye/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabias-prince-of-chaos-f542574d9165|title=Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia’s prince of chaos|last=Eye|first=Middle East|date=22 June 2017|website=Medium|access-date=19 November 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031045/https://medium.com/@MiddleEastEye/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabias-prince-of-chaos-f542574d9165|archivedate=1 December 2017}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html|title=Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decades of Royal Tradition|last=Mazzetti|first=Mark|date=15 October 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=19 November 2017|last2=Hubbard|first2=Ben|issn=0362-4331|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016213234/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html|archivedate=16 October 2016}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/10/24/the-myth-of-the-modernizing-dictator/|title=The myth of the modernizing dictator|last=Kagan|first=Robert|date=2018-10-24|website=Brookings|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-01}}
21. ^{{cite web | last=Tisdall | first=Simon | title=Mohammed bin Salman al-Saud: The young hothead who would be king | website=The Guardian | date=24 June 2017 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/25/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-heir-young-hothead-with-ambitions | access-date=2 January 2018 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026035820/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/25/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-heir-young-hothead-with-ambitions | archivedate=26 October 2017 | df=dmy-all }}
22. ^1 {{cite news|author=David D. Kirkpatrick|title=Surprising Saudi Rises as a Prince Among Princes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/world/middleeast/surprising-saudi-rises-as-a-prince-among-princes.html|accessdate=29 October 2015|work=The New York Times|date=6 June 2015|location=Riyadh}}
23. ^{{cite news|author1=Mustafa Al Labbad|title=The new Saudi power triangle|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2015/01/new-saudi-arabian-power-triangle.html|accessdate=24 April 2017|work=Al Monitor|date=27 January 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425120452/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2015/01/new-saudi-arabian-power-triangle.html|archivedate=25 April 2017}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Family Tree of Salman bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud|url=http://www.datarabia.com/royals/famtree.do?id=176822|work=Datarabia|accessdate=2 March 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629115259/http://www.datarabia.com/royals/famtree.do?id=176822|archivedate=29 June 2013}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Council of Ministers: Membership|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/Biographies-of-Ministers.aspx|work=Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Washington DC|accessdate=25 January 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616222323/http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/Biographies-of-Ministers.aspx|archivedate=16 June 2011}}
26. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20151223142215/http://abutalhazahack.com/current-issues/middle-east/10-middle-east/106-profile-of-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-defense-minister-of-saudi-arabia Profile of Prince Mohammed bin Salman – Defense Minister of Saudi Arabia]. Retrieved 30 March 2015
27. ^{{cite news|title=HRH Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz to inaugurate Cityscape Riyadh 2011|url=http://www.ameinfo.com/279859.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101222157/http://www.ameinfo.com/279859.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=1 November 2011|accessdate=2 March 2013|work=AMEinfo|date=31 October 2011}}
28. ^{{cite news|title=Prince Sultan arrives to Bahrain to attend Bahrain Grand Prix|url=http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/505092|access-date=23 April 2012|agency=Bahrain News Agency|date=22 April 2012}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=Leadership's trust in me is my motivation – Muhammad|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130303155193|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820001643/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130303155193|dead-url=yes|archive-date=20 August 2014|accessdate=2 March 2013|newspaper=Saudi Gazette|date=3 March 2013}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Prince Mohammed appointed president of crown prince court|url=http://saudibiznews.com/business/item/1290-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-bin-abdulaziz-as-president-of-crown-prince-court|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130411182710/http://saudibiznews.com/business/item/1290-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-bin-abdulaziz-as-president-of-crown-prince-court|dead-url=yes|archive-date=11 April 2013|accessdate=2 March 2013|work=Saudi Business News|date=2 March 2013}}
31. ^{{cite news|title=Prince Mohammed bin Salman appointed Special Advisor to Crown Prince|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2013/03/article55294575|accessdate=12 April 2013|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=3 March 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311121018/http://www.aawsat.net/2013/03/article55294575|archivedate=11 March 2013}}
32. ^1 {{cite web|title=Chairman of the Board|url=http://www.misk.org.sa/mohammed-bin-salman?lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128114507/http://www.misk.org.sa/mohammed-bin-salman?lang=en|dead-url=yes|archive-date=28 January 2015|work=MISK|accessdate=25 January 2015}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=Saudi King Abdullah passes away|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-King-Abdullah-passes-away.html|accessdate=23 January 2015|publisher=Al Arabiya|date=23 January 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123191653/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-King-Abdullah-passes-away.html|archivedate=23 January 2015}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Salman named defense minister|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-appointed-defense-minister-head-of-Royal-Court.html|accessdate=23 January 2015|publisher=Al Arabiya|date=23 January 2015}}{{dead link|date=December 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
35. ^Profile: Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133449/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2015/01/27/Profile-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-bin-Abdulaziz-Al-Saud.html |date=2 April 2015 }} Al Arabiya. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015
36. ^{{cite news|author=Anthony H. Cordesman|title=Saudi Succession: The King Is Dead, Long Live the King|url=http://www.newsweek.com/saudis-smooth-succession-king-dead-long-live-king-301639|accessdate=26 January 2015|work=Newsweek|date=24 January 2015}}
37. ^[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951 Yemen profile – Timeline] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130182040/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14704951 |date=30 January 2016 }}, BBC, 6 July 2017
38. ^Saudi and Arab allies bomb Houthi positions in Yemen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326181207/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/saudi-ambassador-announces-military-operation-yemen-150325234138956.html |date=26 March 2015 }}, Al Jazeera, 26 March 2015
39. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|last1=Mark Mazzetti|last2=Ben Hubbard|title=Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decades of Royal Tradition|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=The New York Times|date=16 October 2016|page=A1|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016213234/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html|archivedate=16 October 2016}}
40. ^{{cite journal|title=The most dangerous man in the world?|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6803191.html|journal=Independent|date=8 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615100155/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6803191.html|archivedate=15 June 2017}}
41. ^{{cite news|title=Saudi Arabia's king appoints new interior minister|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20209276|accessdate=5 November 2012|publisher=BBC|date=5 November 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106024007/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20209276|archivedate=6 November 2012}}
42. ^{{cite web|title=Council of Ministers: Membership|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/Biographies-of-Ministers.aspx|work=Royal Embassy, Washington DC|accessdate=25 January 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616222323/http://www.saudiembassy.net/about/Biographies-of-Ministers.aspx|archivedate=16 June 2011}}
43. ^1 2 {{cite journal|title=King Salman: The man in charge of the 'most dangerous man in the world'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-king-salman-the-man-behind-the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6827716.html|journal=Independent|date=22 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615135848/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-king-salman-the-man-behind-the-most-dangerous-man-in-the-world-a6827716.html|archivedate=15 June 2017}}
44. ^{{cite news|title=Transcript: Interview with Muhammad bin Salman|url=http://www.economist.com/saudi_interview|accessdate=11 January 2016|work=The Economist|date=6 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110130709/http://www.economist.com/saudi_interview|archivedate=10 January 2016}}
45. ^{{cite news |last1=Browning |first1=Noah |last2=Irish |first2=John |date=15 December 2015 |title=Saudi Arabia announces 34-state Islamic military alliance against terrorism |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-idUSKBN0TX2PG20151215 |agency=Reuters |location=Dubai/Paris |access-date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608232158/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-idUSKBN0TX2PG20151215 |archive-date=8 June 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
46. ^{{cite news |last=McKernan |first=Bethan |date=27 November 2017 |title=More than 40 Islamic countries just met and vowed to wipe terrorism off the map |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/islamic-countries-terrorism-destroy-isis-muslim-riyadh-saudi-arabia-iran-egypt-syria-lebanon-a8077986.html |work=The Independent |location=Beirut |access-date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318113139/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/islamic-countries-terrorism-destroy-isis-muslim-riyadh-saudi-arabia-iran-egypt-syria-lebanon-a8077986.html |archive-date=18 March 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/saudi-arabia-appoints-king-salman-son-crown-prince-170621033707437.html|title=Mohammed bin Salman named Saudi Arabia's crown prince|publisher=Al Jazeera|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621091448/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/saudi-arabia-appoints-king-salman-son-crown-prince-170621033707437.html|archivedate=21 June 2017}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/12029546/Saudi-Arabia-destabilising-Arab-world-German-intelligence-warns.html|title=Saudi Arabia 'destabilising Arab world', German intelligence warns|work=The Telegraph|author=Justin Huggler|date=2 December 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109000950/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/12029546/Saudi-Arabia-destabilising-Arab-world-German-intelligence-warns.html|archivedate=9 January 2016}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html|title=Prince Mohammed bin Salman: Naive, arrogant Saudi prince is playing with fire: German intelligence memo shows the threat from the kingdom’s headstrong defence minister|author=Patrick Cockburn|date=9 January 2016|work=The Independent|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110132143/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html|archivedate=10 January 2016|deadurl=no}}
50. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/world/europe/germany-rebukes-its-own-intelligence-agency-for-criticizing-saudi-policy.html|title=Germany Rebukes Its Own Intelligence Agency for Criticizing Saudi Policy|author=Alison Smaledec|date=3 December 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707214349/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/world/europe/germany-rebukes-its-own-intelligence-agency-for-criticizing-saudi-policy.html|archivedate=7 July 2017|work=The New York Times}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-congratulates-newly-elevated-saudi-arabian-crown-prince/|title=Trump congratulates newly-elevated Saudi Arabian crown prince}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-young-prince-reimagines-saudi-arabia-can-he-make-his-vision-come-true/2017/04/20/663d79a4-2549-11e7-b503-9d616bd5a305_story.html|title=A young prince is reimagining Saudi Arabia. Can he make his vision come true?|first1=David|last1=Ignatius|first2=David|last2=Ignatius|date=20 April 2017|work=The Washington Post|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710065344/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-young-prince-reimagines-saudi-arabia-can-he-make-his-vision-come-true/2017/04/20/663d79a4-2549-11e7-b503-9d616bd5a305_story.html|archivedate=10 July 2017}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-09/the-saudi-purge-isn-t-just-a-power-grab|title=Archived copy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111224358/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-09/the-saudi-purge-isn-t-just-a-power-grab|archivedate=11 November 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=12 November 2017}}
54. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/15/opinions/how-the-saudis-played-trump-bergen/index.html|title=Trump's uncritical embrace of MBS set the stage for Khashoggi crisis --CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104054944/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/15/opinions/how-the-saudis-played-trump-bergen/index.html|archive-date=4 November 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=13 January 2019|df=dmy-all}}
55. ^1 [https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/11/05/alwaleed-bin-talal-two-other-billionaires-tycoons-among-saudi-arrests Alwaleed bin Talal, two other billionaires tycoons among Saudi arrests] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105032442/https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/11/05/alwaleed-bin-talal-two-other-billionaires-tycoons-among-saudi-arrests|date=5 November 2017}}, Daily Sabah, 4 November 2017.
56. ^1 [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/04/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-waleed-bin-talal.html Saudi Arabia Arrests 11 Princes, Including Billionaire Waleed bin Talal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108003504/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/04/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-waleed-bin-talal.html|date=8 November 2017}} New York Times, By David D. Kirkpatrick, 4 November 2017
57. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/power-consolidation-or-failed-coup-in-saudi-arabia_us_59fe47b5e4b0d467d4c225ab|title=Power Consolidation Or Failed Coup In Saudi Arabia?|last=Khan|first=Muqtedar|date=4 November 2017|website=HuffPost|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105075756/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/power-consolidation-or-failed-coup-in-saudi-arabia_us_59fe47b5e4b0d467d4c225ab|archivedate=5 November 2017|deadurl=no|access-date=6 November 2017}}
58. ^[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-41874117 Saudi princes among dozens detained in anti-corruption purge] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105041957/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-41874117|date=5 November 2017}}, BBC, 5 November 2017
59. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/what-the-royal-purge-means-for-saudi-arabia--and-its-oil/2017/11/06/9cba9142-c256-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html|title=What the royal purge means for Saudi Arabia — and its oil|last=Mufson|first=Steven|date=6 November 2017|work=The Washington Post|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106215724/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/what-the-royal-purge-means-for-saudi-arabia--and-its-oil/2017/11/06/9cba9142-c256-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html|archivedate=6 November 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=6 November 2017}}
60. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/saudi-arabia-s-young-crown-prince-moves-boldly-to-secure-his-grip-on-power-1.4388970|title=Saudi Arabia 'at a crossroads': What the arrests of several princes mean for the kingdom's future|accessdate=6 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106164852/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/saudi-arabia-s-young-crown-prince-moves-boldly-to-secure-his-grip-on-power-1.4388970|archivedate=6 November 2017|deadurl=no|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.821313|title=The Saudi purge: The real reason behind Mohammed bin Salman's unprecedented crackdown|last=Pfeffer|first=Anshel|date=8 November 2017|publisher=Middle East News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111090003/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.821313|archivedate=11 November 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=11 November 2017}}
62. ^{{cite news|url=http://time.com/5012396/saudi-arabia-prince-alwaleed-bin-talal-arrested/|title=Inside the Arrest of Saudi Arabia's Alwaleed Bin Talal|last=Malsin|first=Jared|date=6 November 2017|work=Time|accessdate=11 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109053549/http://time.com/5012396/saudi-arabia-prince-alwaleed-bin-talal-arrested/|archivedate=9 November 2017|deadurl=no}}
63. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/arab-youth-survey-2018-saudi-crown-prince-and-his-reforms-win-huge-support-from-young-people-across-the-middle-east-1.728098|title=Arab Youth Survey 2018: Saudi Crown Prince and his reforms win huge support from young people across the Middle East|last1=Langton|first1=James|date=8 May 2018|work=The National|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143007/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/arab-youth-survey-2018-saudi-crown-prince-and-his-reforms-win-huge-support-from-young-people-across-the-middle-east-1.728098|archive-date=12 June 2018|dead-url=no|last2=Duncan|first2=Gillian|df=dmy-all}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/saudi-crackdown-would-be-like-the-us-arresting-warren-buffett.html|title=Saudi crackdown 'would be like' the US arresting Warren Buffett|author=Matthew J. Belvedere|date=6 November 2017|publisher=CNBC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108034640/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/saudi-crackdown-would-be-like-the-us-arresting-warren-buffett.html|archivedate=8 November 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=11 November 2017}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/927672843504177152|title=Donald J. Trump on Twitter: "I have great confidence in King Salman and the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, they know exactly what they are doing "|author=Donald J. Trump|date=6 November 2017|publisher=Twitter|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110162847/https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/927672843504177152|archivedate=10 November 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=11 November 2017}}{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}
66. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/927673257230327808|title=Donald J. Trump on Twitter: "Some of those they are harshly treating have been 'milking' their country for years!"|author=Donald J. Trump|date=6 November 2017|publisher=Twitter|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110163051/https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/927673257230327808|archivedate=10 November 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=11 November 2017}}{{Primary source inline|date=January 2019}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-saudi-arabia-corruption-probe-20171109-story.html|title=More than 200 detained in Saudi Arabia in $100 billion corruption sweep|date=25 October 2017|work=Chicago Tribune|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111051249/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-saudi-arabia-corruption-probe-20171109-story.html|archivedate=11 November 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=11 November 2017}}
68. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=1880379#1880379|title=Statement by the Royal Court: Anti Corruption Committee Concludes Its Tasks The official Saudi Press Agency|website=www.spa.gov.sa|access-date=2019-02-25}}
69. ^{{Cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2019/01/30/Saudi-king-presented-with-final-corruption-crackdown-report-107-bln-recovered.html|title=Saudi king presented with final corruption crackdown report, $107 bln recovered|website=english.alarabiya.net|language=en|access-date=2019-02-25}}
70. ^{{cite news|date=10 August 2018|work=The New York Times|title=Beating Up on Canada Again: the Canada Letter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/world/canada/beating-up-on-canada-again-the-canada-letter.html|quote=Prince Mohammed is a Saudi nationalist|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812223505/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/world/canada/beating-up-on-canada-again-the-canada-letter.html|archive-date=12 August 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
71. ^{{cite news|work=The Atlantic|title=Saudi Arabia’s Dark Nationalism|date=2 June 2018|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/06/saudi-arabia-nationalism-driving-ban-salman/561845/|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812181840/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/06/saudi-arabia-nationalism-driving-ban-salman/561845/|archive-date=12 August 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
72. ^{{cite news|work=Politico|title=Saudi Arabia’s Populist King in Waiting|date=22 September 2017|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/22/saudi-arabias-populist-king-in-waiting-215857|access-date=23 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124210619/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/22/saudi-arabias-populist-king-in-waiting-215857|archive-date=24 November 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
73. ^{{Cite news|work=Financial Times|title=Saudi Arabia’s corruption crackdown risks scaring off investors|date=30 January 2018|url=https://www.ft.com/content/300ff524-05a3-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5|quote=MbS, who also controls foreign and defence policy, has combined populism at home with hawkish nationalism abroad|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213033/https://www.ft.com/content/300ff524-05a3-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5|archive-date=12 August 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
74. ^{{cite news|work=The Times|title=Heir’s modernising vision risks conservative discontent|date=22 June 2017|quote=Prince Mohammed's vision is conservative in a political sense — he will be an autocratic king — but it is socially more liberal. |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/heir-s-modernising-vision-risks-conservative-discontent-s0cwgjxm9}}
75. ^1 {{cite book|first=Theodor|last=Winkler|title=The Dark Side of Globalization|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|year=2018|page=192|quote=combines a more liberal economic and societal system with reinforced authoritarian rule}}
76. ^{{cite news|date=22 October 2018|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight/how-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA|title=How the man behind Khashoggi murder ran the killing via Skype|access-date=10 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126084543/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-adviser-insight/how-the-man-behind-khashoggi-murder-ran-the-killing-via-skype-idUSKCN1MW2HA|archive-date=26 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
77. ^{{cite news|work=GQ|title=Spotlight: Inside the stricken court of crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman|date=27 December 2018|url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman}}
78. ^{{cite news|work=Politico|title=Meet the Two Princes Reshaping the Middle East|date=13 June 2017|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/06/13/saudi-arabia-middle-east-donald-trump-215254|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050404/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/06/13/saudi-arabia-middle-east-donald-trump-215254|archive-date=3 July 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
79. ^1 2 {{cite news|work=The New Yorker|title=A Saudi Prince's Quest to Remake the Middle East|date=9 April 2018|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/09/a-saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809023149/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/09/a-saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east|archive-date=9 August 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
80. ^1 {{cite news|author=Simeon Kerr|title=Saudi king stamps his authority with staff shake-up and handouts|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8045e3e0-a850-11e4-bd17-00144feab7de.html|accessdate=1 February 2015|work=Financial Times|date=30 January 2015|location=Riyadh|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201101024/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8045e3e0-a850-11e4-bd17-00144feab7de.html|archivedate=1 February 2015}}
81. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Waldman|first1=Peter|title=Project to Get Saudi Arabia's Economy Off Oil|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-04-21/the-2-trillion-project-to-get-saudi-arabia-s-economy-off-oil|accessdate=17 October 2016|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=21 April 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015201640/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-04-21/the-2-trillion-project-to-get-saudi-arabia-s-economy-off-oil|archivedate=15 October 2016}}
82. ^{{cite news |title=Iran dismisses Saudi talk of 'triangle of evil' as 'childish' |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/03/iran-mbs-egypt-visit-triangle-evil-salman-reaction-turkey.html |work=Al-Monitor |date=8 March 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311231041/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/03/iran-mbs-egypt-visit-triangle-evil-salman-reaction-turkey.html |archive-date=11 March 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
83. ^1 {{cite news |title=Saudi prince says Turkey part of 'triangle of evil': Egyptian media |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-turkey/saudi-prince-says-turkey-part-of-triangle-of-evil-egyptian-media-idUSKCN1GJ1WW |agency=Reuters |date=7 March 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230405/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-turkey/saudi-prince-says-turkey-part-of-triangle-of-evil-egyptian-media-idUSKCN1GJ1WW |archive-date=20 December 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
84. ^{{cite news |title=Saudi crown prince says Israelis have right to their own land |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-prince-israel/saudi-crown-prince-says-israelis-have-right-to-their-own-land-idUSKCN1H91SQ |accessdate=25 June 2018 |agency=Reuters |date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614021921/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-prince-israel/saudi-crown-prince-says-israelis-have-right-to-their-own-land-idUSKCN1H91SQ |archive-date=14 June 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
85. ^{{cite news |title=Saudi crown prince recognizes Israel’s right to exist, talks up future ties |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/saudi-crown-prince-recognizes-israels-right-to-exist-talks-up-future-ties/ |accessdate=25 June 2018 |work=The Times of Israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625214415/https://www.timesofisrael.com/saudi-crown-prince-recognizes-israels-right-to-exist-talks-up-future-ties/ |archive-date=25 June 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
86. ^{{cite web |title=Palestinians and the Israelis have the right to have their own land : Prince Mohammed bin Salman |url=https://www.mohammedbinsalman.com/2018/06/palestinians-and-israelis-have-right-to.html |website=Mohammedbinsalman.com |publisher=Mohammedbinsalman.com |accessdate=25 June 2018}}
87. ^{{cite news |last1=GOLDBERG |first1=JEFFREY |title=Saudi Crown Prince: Iran's Supreme Leader 'Makes Hitler Look Good |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/mohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel/557036/ |accessdate=25 June 2018 |work=The Atlantic |publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group |date=2 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624213648/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/mohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel/557036/ |archive-date=24 June 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
88. ^{{cite news|author=Saudi Vision 2030|title=Full text of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2016/04/26/Full-text-of-Saudi-Arabia-s-Vision-2030.html|access-date=23 May 2016|publisher=Al Arabiya|date=13 May 2016|location=Riyadh|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524181540/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2016/04/26/Full-text-of-Saudi-Arabia-s-Vision-2030.html|archivedate=24 May 2016}}
89. ^{{cite news |last1=Al Omran |first1=Ahmed |last2=Kerr |first2=Simeon |last3=Raval |first3=Anjli |date=24 October 2017 |title=Saudis aim to diversify economy with new $500bn city |url=https://www.ft.com/content/fd4b10c0-b8b7-11e7-8c12-5661783e5589 |work=Financial Times |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210002344/https://www.ft.com/content/fd4b10c0-b8b7-11e7-8c12-5661783e5589 |archivedate=10 February 2018 }}
90. ^{{cite news |last=Wachman |first=Richard |date=24 October 2017 |title=Robots to roam $500 billion Saudi city |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1182556/saudi-arabia |work=Arab News |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025171757/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1182556/saudi-arabia |archivedate=25 October 2017 }}
91. ^{{cite news |last1=Glen |first1=Carey |last2=Nereim |first2=Vivian |last3=Cannon |first3=Christopher |date=26 October 2017 |title=Sun, sea and robots: Saudi Arabia’s sci-fi city in the desert |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-neom-saudi-mega-city/ |work=Bloomberg |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105050618/https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-neom-saudi-mega-city/ |archivedate=5 November 2017 }}
92. ^{{cite news |last1=Shahine |first1=Alaa |last2=Nereim |first2=Vivian |date=1 August 2017 |title=Saudi Arabia plans a huge Red Sea Beach tourism project |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-01/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-mega-red-sea-tourism-project |work=Bloomberg |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127002015/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-01/saudi-arabia-unveils-plans-for-mega-red-sea-tourism-project |archivedate=27 January 2018 }}
93. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Saudi crown prince launches mega Red Sea tourism project |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1137781/saudi-arabia |work=Arab News |date=1 August 2017 |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004044523/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1137781/saudi-arabia |archivedate=4 October 2017 }}
94. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Saudi aims to issue tourist visas next year, official says |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-tourism/saudi-aims-to-issue-tourist-visas-next-year-official-says-idUSKBN1DN1H0 |agency=Reuters |date=23 November 2017 |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102162450/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-tourism/saudi-aims-to-issue-tourist-visas-next-year-official-says-idUSKBN1DN1H0 |archivedate=2 January 2018 }}
95. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45639285|title=Saudi Arabia opens high-speed railway linking holy cities|work=BBC News|accessdate=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925214002/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45639285|archive-date=25 September 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
96. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Saudi crown prince says sovereign wealth fund will surpass $600 billion target by 2020 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-pif/saudi-crown-prince-says-sovereign-wealth-fund-will-surpass-600-billion-target-by-2020-idUSKCN1MF2KC |agency=Reuters |date=5 October 2018 |access-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006181108/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-pif/saudi-crown-prince-says-sovereign-wealth-fund-will-surpass-600-billion-target-by-2020-idUSKCN1MF2KC |archive-date=6 October 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
97. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Saudi's Mohammed bin Salman launches project for kingdom's first nuclear plant |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/gcc/saudi-s-mohammed-bin-salman-launches-project-for-kingdom-s-first-nuclear-plant-1.788487 |work=The National |date=6 November 2018 |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106123554/https://www.thenational.ae/world/gcc/saudi-s-mohammed-bin-salman-launches-project-for-kingdom-s-first-nuclear-plant-1.788487 |archive-date=6 November 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
98. ^{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Matthew |last2=Nair |first2=Dinesh |date=6 November 2018 |title=SoftBank Is Planning a $1.2 Billion Solar Plant in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-06/softbank-said-to-plan-1-2-billion-solar-plant-in-saudi-arabia |work=Bloomberg News |access-date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108072134/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-06/softbank-said-to-plan-1-2-billion-solar-plant-in-saudi-arabia |archive-date=8 November 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
99. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mohammedbinsalman.com/2016/08/interview-of-prince-Mohammed-bin-salman.html|title=Interview of Prince Mohammed bin salman – His vision for the future Saudi Arabia by Turki Al-Dakhil of Al Arabia|work=Website of Prince Mohammed}}{{dead link|date=December 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
100. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-bourse-chairman/saudi-stock-exchange-appoints-first-female-chair-idUSL8N1G15NI|title=Saudi stock exchange appoints first female chair|agency=Reuters|access-date=30 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331104746/https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-bourse-chairman/saudi-stock-exchange-appoints-first-female-chair-idUSL8N1G15NI|archivedate=31 March 2018}}
101. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/saudi-arabia-stock-exchange-first-female-chief-sarah-al-suhaimi-bourse-investiment-bank-nbc-capital-a7590231.html|title=Saudi Stock Exchange appoints first female chief in history of the kingdom|website=Independent|access-date=30 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331174909/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/saudi-arabia-stock-exchange-first-female-chief-sarah-al-suhaimi-bourse-investiment-bank-nbc-capital-a7590231.html|archivedate=31 March 2018}}
102. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Prince Mohammed bin Salman announces Saudi plans for largest entertainment city |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/travel-and-tourism/2017/04/08/Saudi-Arabia-plans-on-building-its-largest-cultural-sports-and-recreation-city.html |publisher=Al Arabiya |date=8 April 2017 |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171745/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/travel-and-tourism/2017/04/08/Saudi-Arabia-plans-on-building-its-largest-cultural-sports-and-recreation-city.html |archivedate=28 December 2017 }}
103. ^{{cite news |author= |title=World-class entertainment park coming up in Al-Qiddiya |url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/520308/SAUDI-ARABIA/World-class-entertainment-park-coming-up-in-Al-Qiddiya |work=Saudi Gazette |date=26 October 2017 |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209182345/http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/520308/SAUDI-ARABIA/World-class-entertainment-park-coming-up-in-Al-Qiddiya |archivedate=9 February 2018 }}
104. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/02/18/Saudi-women-to-start-own-business-without-male-permission.html|title=Saudi women to start own business without male permission|publisher=Al Arabiya|access-date=30 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331104139/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/02/18/Saudi-women-to-start-own-business-without-male-permission.html|archivedate=31 March 2018}}
105. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/12/middleeast/saudi-arabia-custody-law-intl/index.html|title=Divorced Saudi women win right to get custody of children|publisher=CNN|access-date=30 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322052156/https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/12/middleeast/saudi-arabia-custody-law-intl/index.html|archivedate=22 March 2018}}
106. ^{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Lydia |date=9 December 2017 |title=Saudi Arabia hosts first-ever concert by female performer |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-first-female-performer-concert-hiba-tawaji-womens-rights-middle-east-a8099646.html |work=The Independent |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210003739/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-first-female-performer-concert-hiba-tawaji-womens-rights-middle-east-a8099646.html |archivedate=10 February 2018 }}
107. ^{{cite news |last=Ellyat |first=Holly |date=18 April 2018 |title=Saudi Arabia brings back movie theaters — and 'staggering' demand is expected |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/18/saudi-arabia-reopens-movie-theaters-with-black-panther.html |publisher=CNBC |access-date=10 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143906/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/18/saudi-arabia-reopens-movie-theaters-with-black-panther.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
108. ^{{cite news |last=Reid |first=David |date=11 December 2017 |title=Saudi Arabia to reopen public cinemas for the first time in 35 years |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/11/saudi-arabia-to-open-public-cinemas-for-the-first-time-in-35-years.html |publisher=CNBC |access-date=1 February 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125174436/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/11/saudi-arabia-to-open-public-cinemas-for-the-first-time-in-35-years.html |archivedate=25 January 2018 }}
109. ^{{cite news|author=Ian Black|title=Saudi Arabia approves ambitious plan to move economy beyond oil|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/25/saudi-arabia-approves-ambitious-plan-to-move-economy-beyond-oil|accessdate=23 May 2016|work=The Guardian|date=25 April 2016|location=United Kingdom|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517055716/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/25/saudi-arabia-approves-ambitious-plan-to-move-economy-beyond-oil|archivedate=17 May 2016}}
110. ^Saad Al-Qahtani, [https://blogs.thomsonreuters.com/answerson/saudi-aramco-ipo-part-of-kingdoms-diversification-plan/ Saudi Aramco IPO part of Kingdom’s diversification plan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707160212/https://blogs.thomsonreuters.com/answerson/saudi-aramco-ipo-part-of-kingdoms-diversification-plan/ |date=7 July 2017 }}, Thomsonreuters.com, 10 May 2017
111. ^{{cite news|title=Saudi Aramco’s IPO is a mess|url=https://www.economist.com/news/business/21730469-it-suffering-whims-capricious-crown-prince-saudi-aramcos-ipo-mess|work=The Economist|date=19 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020084103/https://www.economist.com/news/business/21730469-it-suffering-whims-capricious-crown-prince-saudi-aramcos-ipo-mess|archivedate=20 October 2017}}
112. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Rise of Prince Mohammed bin Salman rattles Saudi Arabia|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Rise-of-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-rattles-Saudi-Arabia/articleshow/54890310.cms|journal=The Times of India|date=17 October 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202013800/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Rise-of-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-rattles-Saudi-Arabia/articleshow/54890310.cms|archivedate=2 February 2017}}
113. ^1 {{cite news|title=Saudi Arabia will finally allow women to drive|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21729721-bigger-changes-are-needed-ultraconservative-kingdom-saudi-arabia-will|work=The Economist|date=27 September 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928012726/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21729721-bigger-changes-are-needed-ultraconservative-kingdom-saudi-arabia-will|archivedate=28 September 2017}}
114. ^{{cite news|title=At last Saudi women will be allowed to take the wheel|url=https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21729749-next-abolish-male-guardianship-last-saudi-women-will-be-allowed-take-wheel|work=The Economist|date=30 September 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929140200/https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21729749-next-abolish-male-guardianship-last-saudi-women-will-be-allowed-take-wheel|archivedate=29 September 2017}}
115. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/24/i-will-return-saudi-arabia-moderate-islam-crown-prince|title=I will return Saudi Arabia to moderate Islam, says crown prince|first=Martin|last=Chulov|date=24 October 2017|accessdate=5 November 2017|work=The Guardian|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105174839/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/24/i-will-return-saudi-arabia-moderate-islam-crown-prince|archivedate=5 November 2017}}
116. ^{{cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/520191/SAUDI-ARABIA/Kingdom-a-country-of-moderate-Islam|title=Kingdom a country of moderate Islam|date=24 October 2017|publisher=saudigazette.com.sa|accessdate=5 November 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025182733/http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/520191/SAUDI-ARABIA/Kingdom-a-country-of-moderate-Islam|archivedate=25 October 2017}}
117. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2017-11-05/saudi-arabia-has-its-own-way-of-draining-the-swamp|title=Saudi Sweep Is a Double-Edged Sword|first=Liam|last=Denning|date=5 November 2017|accessdate=6 November 2017|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106001229/https://www.bloomberg.com/gadfly/articles/2017-11-05/saudi-arabia-has-its-own-way-of-draining-the-swamp|archivedate=6 November 2017}}
118. ^{{cite web|url=https://geopoliticalfutures.com/saudi-arabias-saturday-night-massacre/|title=Saudi Arabia’s Saturday Night Massacre|publisher=Geopolitical Futures|date=8 November 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115221015/https://geopoliticalfutures.com/saudi-arabias-saturday-night-massacre/|archivedate=15 November 2017}}
119. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/22/saudi-arabias-populist-king-in-waiting-215857|title=Saudi Arabia’s Populist King in Waiting|author=Mishaal al Gergawi|date=22 November 2017|website=politico.com|accessdate=25 November 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124210619/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/22/saudi-arabias-populist-king-in-waiting-215857|archivedate=24 November 2017}}
120. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/opinion/saudi-arabia-qatar-reform.html|title=Opinion – The Plot Behind Saudi Arabia’s Fight With Qatar|first=Ayaan Hirsi|last=Ali|date=4 December 2017|accessdate=4 December 2017|work=The New York Times|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171307/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/opinion/saudi-arabia-qatar-reform.html|archivedate=4 December 2017}}
121. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/rights-groups-condemn-saudi-arrests-as-crackdown-on-dissent-idUSKCN1BQ1RR|title=Rights groups condemn Saudi arrests as crackdown on dissent|author=|date=15 September 2017|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918005638/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/rights-groups-condemn-saudi-arrests-as-crackdown-on-dissent-idUSKCN1BQ1RR|archive-date=18 September 2018|dead-url=no|agency=Reuters|df=dmy-all}}
122. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/tiger-squad-saudi-hitmen-khashoggi-mbs|title=REVEALED: The Saudi death squad MBS uses to silence dissent|date=22 October 2018|work=Middle East Eye|accessdate=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232620/https://www.middleeasteye.net/tiger-squad-saudi-hitmen-khashoggi-mbs|archive-date=22 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
123. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/saudi-arabia-safe-mohammed-bin-salmans-hands-1784595453|title=Is Saudi Arabia safe in Mohammed bin Salman's hands?|date=22 October 2018|work=Middle East Eye|accessdate=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232638/https://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/saudi-arabia-safe-mohammed-bin-salmans-hands-1784595453|archive-date=22 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
124. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/09/saudi-arabia-arrest-of-two-prominent-activists-a-deadly-blow-for-human-rights/|title=Saudi Arabia: Arrest of two prominent activists a deadly blow for human rights|publisher=Amnesty International|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214182610/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/09/saudi-arabia-arrest-of-two-prominent-activists-a-deadly-blow-for-human-rights/|archivedate=14 December 2017|deadurl=no|access-date=14 December 2017}}
125. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9038cb6c-9c51-11e7-8cd4-932067fbf946|title=Saudi security forces clamp down on dissent|last1=Al Omran|first1=Ahmed|date=19 September 2017|work=Financial Times|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022113431/https://www.ft.com/content/9038cb6c-9c51-11e7-8cd4-932067fbf946|archive-date=22 October 2018|dead-url=no|last2=Kerr|first2=Simon|df=dmy-all}}
126. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-03/saudi-prosecutor-says-17-detained-in-case-against-activists|title=Saudi Prosecutor Says 17 Detained in Case Against Activists|last1=Batrawy|first1=Aya|date=3 June 2018|work=Bloomberg|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125855/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-03/saudi-prosecutor-says-17-detained-in-case-against-activists|archive-date=16 October 2018|dead-url=no|last2=Al-Shihri|first2=Abdullah|location=Riyadh|df=dmy-all}}
127. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/saudi-arabia-releases-eight-people-held-in-activist-crackdown-idUSKCN1IY0V7|title=Saudi Arabia releases eight people held in activist crackdown|author=|date=2 June 2018|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125952/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/saudi-arabia-releases-eight-people-held-in-activist-crackdown-idUSKCN1IY0V7|archive-date=16 October 2018|dead-url=no|agency=Reuters|location=Riyadh|df=dmy-all}}
128. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/prominent-saudi-womens-rights-activist-detained-as-driving-ban-lifted-sources-idUSKBN1JN20Y|title=Prominent Saudi women's rights activist detained as driving ban lifted: sources|last=Dadouch|first=Sarah|date=27 June 2018|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125919/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests/prominent-saudi-womens-rights-activist-detained-as-driving-ban-lifted-sources-idUSKBN1JN20Y|archive-date=16 October 2018|dead-url=no|agency=Reuters|location=Riyadh|df=dmy-all}}
129. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/22/saudi-arabia-seeks-its-first-death-penalty-against-a-female-human-rights-activist|title=Saudi Arabia seeks death penalty against female human rights activist|last=Graham-Harrison|first=Emma|date=22 August 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001223829/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/22/saudi-arabia-seeks-its-first-death-penalty-against-a-female-human-rights-activist|archive-date=1 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
130. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45270224|title=Saudi Arabia 'seeks death penalty for woman activist'|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823012033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45270224|archive-date=23 August 2018|dead-url=no|accessdate=22 August 2018|df=dmy-all}}
131. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |title=Risk-taking Saudi prince gambling with stability|url=https://lfpress.com/2017/02/08/risk-taking-saudi-prince-gambling-with-stability|journal=lfpress|date = 8 February 2017}}
132. ^1 {{cite news|title=Prince Mohammed bin Salman: Naive, arrogant Saudi prince is playing with fire|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html|work=The Independent|date=10 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110132143/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/prince-mohammed-bin-salman-naive-arrogant-saudi-prince-is-playing-with-fire-a6804481.html|archivedate=10 January 2016}}
133. ^{{cite journal|title=Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Salman has Western leaders very worried|url=http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-has-western-leaders-very-worried/news-story/5d6353c6a5c01191a56601a36e48a8f6|journal=News|date=13 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725093050/http://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/saudi-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-has-western-leaders-very-worried/news-story/5d6353c6a5c01191a56601a36e48a8f6|archivedate=25 July 2016}}
134. ^{{cite news |last=Robertson |first=Nic |date=21 June 2018 |title=Mohammed bin Salman is on a make or break mission |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/opinions/mohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831180202/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/opinions/mohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl/index.html |archive-date=31 August 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
135. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Yemen crisis: President resigns as rebels tighten hold |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30936940 |publisher=BBC |date=23 January 2015 |access-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820035318/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30936940 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
136. ^{{cite news |last=Carapico |first=Sheila |date=25 February 2015 |title=Yemen on brink as Gulf Co-operation Council initiative fails |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/opinions/mohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl/index.html |publisher=BBC |access-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831180202/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/opinions/mohammed-bin-salman-first-year-intl/index.html |archive-date=31 August 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
137. ^{{cite news |last= Raghavan |first= Sudarsan |date= 29 July 2018 |title= US allies have killed thousands of Yemenis – including 22 at a wedding |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/yemen-us-arms-sales-deaths-saudi-arabia-raqah-wedding-a8465301.html |work= The Independent |access-date= 1 September 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180730015138/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/yemen-us-arms-sales-deaths-saudi-arabia-raqah-wedding-a8465301.html |archive-date= 30 July 2018 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}
138. ^{{cite news |title=Saudi Arabia accused of Yemen war crimes as crown prince completes UK visit |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16078400.Saudi_Arabia_accused_of_Yemen_war_crimes_as_crown_prince_completes_UK_visit/ |work=The Herald |date=10 March 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020140522/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16078400.Saudi_Arabia_accused_of_Yemen_war_crimes_as_crown_prince_completes_UK_visit/ |archive-date=20 October 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
139. ^{{cite web|last=MacAskill|first=Ewen|title=UN report into Saudi-led strikes in Yemen raises questions over UK role|work=The Guardian|date=27 January 2016|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/27/un-report-into-saudi-led-strikes-in-yemen-raises-questions-over-uk-role|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202230721/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/27/un-report-into-saudi-led-strikes-in-yemen-raises-questions-over-uk-role|archivedate=2 February 2016}}
140. ^"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/27/yemen-hospital-hit-by-saudi-led-airstrikes Airstrikes hit Médecins Sans Frontières hospital in Yemen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229215656/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/27/yemen-hospital-hit-by-saudi-led-airstrikes |date=29 December 2016 }}". The Guardian. 27 October 2015.
141. ^{{cite news |last1=Paul |first1=Katie |last2=El Gamal |first2=Rania |date=19 December 2017 |title=Saudi Arabia intercepts Houthi missile fired toward Riyadh; no reported casualties |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-blast/saudi-arabia-intercepts-houthi-missile-fired-toward-riyadh-no-reported-casualties-idUSKBN1ED17Y |agency=Reuters |location=Riyadh |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001204610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-blast/saudi-arabia-intercepts-houthi-missile-fired-toward-riyadh-no-reported-casualties-idUSKBN1ED17Y |archive-date=1 October 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
142. ^{{cite web |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/12/639842-over-130-civilians-killed-11-days-airstrikes-yemen-reports-un-rights-office |title=Over 130 civilians killed in 11 days in airstrikes in Yemen, reports UN rights office |author= |date=19 December 2017 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927071353/https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/12/639842-over-130-civilians-killed-11-days-airstrikes-yemen-reports-un-rights-office |archive-date=27 September 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
143. ^{{cite news |last1=Vonberg |first1=Judith |last2=Elbagir |first2=Nima |date=28 August 2018 |title=All sides in Yemen conflict could be guilty of war crimes, says UN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/28/middleeast/un-yemen-report-intl/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=1 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830035133/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/28/middleeast/un-yemen-report-intl/index.html |archive-date=30 August 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
144. ^{{cite news |title=The war in Yemen is disastrous. America is only making things worse |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/11/trump-yemen-saudi-arabi-war-us-involvement-worsening-crisis |work=The Guardian |date=11 June 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020065355/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/11/trump-yemen-saudi-arabi-war-us-involvement-worsening-crisis |archive-date=20 October 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
145. ^{{cite news |title=Saudi Crown Prince Aids Yemen as He Hits It With Airstrikes |url=http://time.com/5231166/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-yemen/ |work=Time |date=6 April 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426123506/http://time.com/5231166/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-yemen/ |archive-date=26 April 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
146. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/31/opinion/columnists/yemen-famine-cholera.html|title=The Photos the U.S. and Saudi Arabia Don’t Want You to See|first=Nicholas|last=Kristof|date=31 August 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524030043/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/31/opinion/columnists/yemen-famine-cholera.html|archive-date=24 May 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
147. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/16/lift-yemen-blockade-to-save-children-un-agencies-tell-saudis|title=Saudis must lift Yemen blockade or 'untold' thousands will die, UN agencies warn|first=Patrick Wintour Diplomatic|last=editor|date=16 November 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223122733/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/16/lift-yemen-blockade-to-save-children-un-agencies-tell-saudis|archive-date=23 December 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
148. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html|title=50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says|first=Associated|last=Press|work=Chicago Tribune|date=16 November 2017|access-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101121003/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html|archive-date=1 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
149. ^{{cite news |title=Is Intentional Starvation the Future of War? |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/is-yemen-intentional-starvation-the-future-of-war |work=The New Yorker |date=11 July 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020095021/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/is-yemen-intentional-starvation-the-future-of-war |archive-date=20 October 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
150. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/31/opinion/columnists/yemen-famine-cholera.html|title=The Photos the U.S. and Saudi Arabia Don't Want You to See|first=Nicholas|last=Kristof|date=31 August 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524030043/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/31/opinion/columnists/yemen-famine-cholera.html|archive-date=24 May 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
151. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/yemen-saudi-blockade/|title=In blocking arms to Yemen, Saudi Arabia squeezes a starving population|agency=Reuters|date=11 October 2017|access-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215113803/https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/yemen-saudi-blockade/|archive-date=15 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
152. ^{{cite web|url= https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/03/1006131|title= UN receives nearly $1 billion from Saudi Arabia and UAE for humanitarian response to Yemen crisis|publisher= United Nations|access-date= 30 March 2018|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180329150702/https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/03/1006131|archivedate= 29 March 2018|df= dmy-all}}
153. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/19/saudi-led-coalition-says-intercepts-ballistic-missile-over-riyadh--al-arabiya-tv.html |title=Saudi Arabia says it intercepts Houthi missile fired toward Riyadh, no reported damage |publisher=CNBC |date=19 December 2017 |accessdate=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903203348/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/19/saudi-led-coalition-says-intercepts-ballistic-missile-over-riyadh--al-arabiya-tv.html |archive-date=3 September 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
154. ^{{cite web |author=Emily Thornberry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/07/saudi-arabia-arms-sales-yemen |title=Britain’s red carpet for the Saudi ruler is shameless |work=The Guardian |accessdate=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123131157/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/07/saudi-arabia-arms-sales-yemen |archive-date=23 November 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
155. ^{{cite news |last=Emmons |first=Alex |date=1 August 2018 |title=Saudi Arabia planned to invade Qatar last summer. Rex Tillerson’s efforts to stop it may have cost him his job. |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/rex-tillerson-qatar-saudi-uae/ |work=The Intercept |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013081531/https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/rex-tillerson-qatar-saudi-uae/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
156. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/menendez-and-graham-announce-resolution-on-saudi-arabia-in-wake-of-khashoggi-killing|title=Menendez and Graham announce resolution on Saudi Arabia in wake of Khashoggi killing|accessdate=13 December 2018|publisher=Fox News Channel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213000038/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/menendez-and-graham-announce-resolution-on-saudi-arabia-in-wake-of-khashoggi-killing|archive-date=13 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
157. ^1 "[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/us/politics/trump-jr-saudi-uae-nader-prince-zamel.html Trump Jr. and Other Aides Met With Gulf Emissary Offering Help to Win Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613204813/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/us/politics/trump-jr-saudi-uae-nader-prince-zamel.html |date=13 June 2018 }}". The New York Times. 19 May 2018.
158. ^"[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-election/trump-jr-met-gulf-princes-emissary-in-2016-who-offered-campaign-help-idUSKCN1IK0S1 Trump Jr. met Gulf princes' emissary in 2016 who offered campaign help] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520133603/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-election/trump-jr-met-gulf-princes-emissary-in-2016-who-offered-campaign-help-idUSKCN1IK0S1 |date=20 May 2018 }}". Reuters. 19 May 2018.
159. ^{{cite news|work=The Atlantic|date=20 May 2017|title=Saudi Arabia Has High Hopes for Trump|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/05/saudi-arabia-trump-iran-riyadh-salman/527463/}}
160. ^1 {{cite news|work=New York Times|title=The Wooing of Jared Kushner: How the Saudis Got a Friend in the White House|date=8 December 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/08/world/middleeast/saudi-mbs-jared-kushner.html}}
161. ^{{cite news|work=Al-Jazeera|title='We put our man on top', Trump said on MBS, book claims|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/01/put-man-top-trump-mbs-book-claims-180105124054629.html|date=5 January 2018}}
162. ^{{cite news|work=The Guardian|title=Donald Trump tweets support for blockade imposed on Qatar|date=6 June 2017|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/06/qatar-panic-buying-as-shoppers-stockpile-food-due-to-saudi-blockade}}
163. ^{{cite news|work=The Guardian|title=Qatar blockade exposes rifts in Trump administration's 'peculiar' foreign policy|date=24 June 2017|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/24/qatar-blockade-trump-administration-foreign-policy}}
164. ^{{cite news|date=9 April 2018|title=Qatar Charm Offensive Appears to Have Paid Off, U.S. Officials Say|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/09/us/politics/qatar-trump-embargo-charm-offensive.html|work=[[New York Times}}
165. ^{{cite news|work=The Intercept|title=Saudi Crown Prince Boasted That Jared Kushner Was "In His Pocket"|date=21 March 2018|url=https://theintercept.com/2018/03/21/jared-kushner-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman/}}
166. ^{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=7 November 2017|title=Trump praises Saudi purge, voices confidence in King, Crown Prince|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests-trump/trump-praises-saudi-purge-voices-confidence-in-king-crown-prince-idUSKBN1D62XM}}
167. ^{{cite news|work=CNBC|title=Trump says US stands with Saudi Arabia despite journalist Khashoggi’s killing|date=20 November 2018|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/20/trump-says-us-stands-with-saudi-arabia-despite-khashoggi-killing.html}}
168. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/08/05/saudi-arabia-to-expel-canadian-ambassador-and-freeze-trade-in-human-rights-dispute.html|title=Saudi Arabia expels Canadian ambassador, freezes trade in human rights dispute|author=Jon Gambrell|agency=Associated Press|website=Toronto Star|date=5 August 2018|access-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824092039/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/08/05/saudi-arabia-to-expel-canadian-ambassador-and-freeze-trade-in-human-rights-dispute.html|archive-date=24 August 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
169. ^{{cite news |title='We don't have a single friend': Canada's Saudi spat reveals country is alone |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/11/canada-saudi-arabia-support-us |work=The Guardian |date=11 August 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022140408/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/11/canada-saudi-arabia-support-us |archive-date=22 October 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
170. ^{{cite news |title=U.S. refuses to back Canada in Saudi Arabia dispute |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-us-sidesteps-getting-involved-in-escalating-saudi-canada-dispute/ |work=The Globe and Mail |date=7 August 2018 |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030034807/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-us-sidesteps-getting-involved-in-escalating-saudi-canada-dispute/ |archive-date=30 October 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
171. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2018/08/10/on-saudi-arabia-canadas-stance-is-principled-but-conflicted.html|title=On Saudi Arabia, Canada's stance is principled — but conflicted|work=Toronto Star|date=10 August 2018|accessdate=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810191845/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2018/08/10/on-saudi-arabia-canadas-stance-is-principled-but-conflicted.html|archive-date=10 August 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
172. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45838471|title=Turkey 'has recording proving Saudi murder'|date=12 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012143207/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45838471|archive-date=12 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
173. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45775819?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cg56ennmpyjt/mohammed-bin-salman&link_location=live-reporting-story|title=Jamal Khashoggi: Turkey says journalist was murdered in Saudi consulate|work=BBC News|accessdate=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009140526/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45775819?intlink_from_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fcg56ennmpyjt%2Fmohammed-bin-salman&link_location=live-reporting-story|archive-date=9 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
174. ^{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Shane |title=Crown prince sought to lure Khashoggi back to Saudi Arabia and detain him, U.S. intercepts show |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html?noredirect=on |accessdate=15 October 2018 |work=The Washington Post |date=10 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20181015001407/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/crown-prince-sought-to-lure-khashoggi-back-to-saudi-arabia-and-detain-him-us-intercepts-show/2018/10/10/57bd7948-cc9a-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.d0040cc99a99 |archivedate=15 October 2018}}
175. ^[https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/khashoggi-mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-suspects-969185217 "EXCLUSIVE: Seven of bin Salman's bodyguards among Khashoggi suspects"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003141/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/khashoggi-mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-suspects-969185217 |date=18 October 2018 }}, Middle East Eye (17 October 2018).
176. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/khashoggi-trump-saudi-arabia-bin-salman-mbs-crown-prince-murder-turkey-istanbul-consulate-a8598866.html|title=Jamal Khashoggi: Trump says if anyone knew about plot to kill journalist 'it would be Mohammed bin Salman'|work=The Independent|accessdate=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113238/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/khashoggi-trump-saudi-arabia-bin-salman-mbs-crown-prince-murder-turkey-istanbul-consulate-a8598866.html|archive-date=24 October 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
177. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/ahmed-al-asiri-sacked-saudi-intelligence-chief-181019235211120.html|title=Who is Ahmed al-Asiri, the sacked Saudi intelligence chief?|date=19 October 2018|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=7 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184019/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/ahmed-al-asiri-sacked-saudi-intelligence-chief-181019235211120.html|archive-date=8 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
178. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html |title=Saudis' Image Makers: A Troll Army and a Twitter Insider |work=The New York Times |first=Katie |last=Benner |first2=Mark |last2=Mazzetti |first3=Ben |last3=Hubbard |first4=Mike |last4=Isaac |access-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106081538/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html |archive-date=6 November 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
179. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20181025-saudi-steve-bannon-saud-qahtani-khashoggi-twitter |publisher=France 24 |title=Saudi 'Mr. Hashtag' becomes fall guy in Khashoggi case, but is he really down? |date=25 October 2018 |first=Leela |last=Jacinto |access-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107204707/https://www.france24.com/en/20181025-saudi-steve-bannon-saud-qahtani-khashoggi-twitter |archive-date=7 November 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
180. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html|title='Tell Your Boss': Recording Is Seen to Link Saudi Crown Prince More Strongly to Khashoggi Killing|work=The New York Times|accessdate=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112233122/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/world/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html|archive-date=12 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
181. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/15/saudi-prosecutor-seeks-death-penalty-in-jamal-khashoggi-case|title=Saudis shield crown prince as death penalty sought over Khashoggi murder|work=The Guardian|accessdate=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115121916/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/15/saudi-prosecutor-seeks-death-penalty-in-jamal-khashoggi-case|archive-date=15 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
182. ^{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/15/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-prosecutor-death-penalty-intl/index.html|title=Saudi prosecutor seeks death penalty for Khashoggi murder, says journalist was killed by sedative overdose|publisher=CNN|accessdate=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115174052/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/15/middleeast/jamal-khashoggi-saudi-prosecutor-death-penalty-intl/index.html|archive-date=15 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
183. ^{{Cite news|last1=Harris|first1=Shane|last2=Miller|first2=Greg|last3=Dawsey|first3=Josh|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-concludes-saudi-crown-prince-ordered-jamal-khashoggis-assassination/2018/11/16/98c89fe6-e9b2-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html|title=CIA concludes Saudi crown prince ordered Jamal Khashoggi's assassination|date=16 November 2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117011824/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-concludes-saudi-crown-prince-ordered-jamal-khashoggis-assassination/2018/11/16/98c89fe6-e9b2-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html|archive-date=17 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
184. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46435819|title=Khashoggi murder: Saudi crown prince crazy, says US senator|work=BBC News|accessdate=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204055826/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46435819|archive-date=4 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
185. ^{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/04/politics/haspel-briefing-khashoggi/index.html|title=Saudi crown prince 'ordered, monitored' killing of Khashoggi, Corker says|publisher=CNN|accessdate=5 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205013352/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/04/politics/haspel-briefing-khashoggi/index.html|archive-date=5 December 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
186. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-khashoggi-un/u-n-rights-boss-bachelet-seeks-international-inquiry-into-khashoggi-murder-idUSL8N1YA262?rpc=401&|title=U.N. rights boss Bachelet seeks international inquiry into Khashoggi murder|agency=Reuters|accessdate=5 December 2018}}
187. ^{{cite news |title=Saudi Prince Slams CIA Assessment Report on Khashoggi Murder |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-24/saudi-prince-slams-cia-assessment-report-on-khashoggi-murder |work=Bloomberg |date=24 November 2018 |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128073539/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-24/saudi-prince-slams-cia-assessment-report-on-khashoggi-murder |archive-date=28 November 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
188. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-saudi-diplomacy/us-senators-say-saudi-crown-prince-has-gone-full-gangster-idUSKCN1QN1ZZ|title=U.S. senators say Saudi crown prince has gone 'full gangster'|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=6 March 2019}}
189. ^{{cite web|url= https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/06/politics/abizaid-us-saudi-gangster/index.html|title=Saudi prince has gone 'full gangster,' says Rubio, as lawmakers decry kingdom's abuses|publisher=CNN|accessdate=7 March 2019}}
190. ^1 {{cite news |title=Saudi crown prince defends China's right to put Uighur Muslims in concentration camps |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/02/22/saudi-crown-prince-defends-chinas-right-put-uighur-muslims-concentration/ |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=22 February 2019}}
191. ^{{cite news |title=Saudi Arabia's Mohammed bin Salman Defends China's Use of Concentration Camps for Muslims During Visit to Beijing |url=https://www.newsweek.com/saudi-arabia-mohammad-bin-salman-defends-china-concentration-camps-muslims-1340592 |work=Newsweek |date=22 February 2019}}
192. ^1 {{cite news |title=Saudi crown prince defended China's imprisonment of a million Muslims in internment camps, giving Xi Jinping a reason to continue his 'precursors to genocide' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/saudi-crown-prince-defends-china-oppression-of-muslims-in-xinjiang-mohammed-bin-salman-2019-2 |work=Business Insider |date=23 February 2019}}
193. ^{{cite news |title=Saudi crown prince defends China's right to fight 'terrorism' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/saudi-crown-prince-defends-china-fight-terrorism-190223104647149.html |work=al-Jazeera |date=23 February 2019}}
194. ^MiSK Foundation showcases Saudi Arabia’s focus on building the capabilities and knowledge of future generations through multi-platform sponsorship of Inside the Middle East on CNN {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622231127/http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2016/11/24/misk-foundation-showcases-saudi-arabias-focus-on-building-the-capabilities-and-knowledge-of-future-generations-through-multi-platform-sponsorship-of-inside-the-middle-east-on-cnn/|date=22 June 2017}}, Cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com, 24 November 2016
195. ^9th Youth Forum {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610235509/http://en.unesco.org/9th-unesco-youth-forum/partners|date=10 June 2016}} UNESCO. 26 October 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2016
196. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.misk.org.sa/?lang=en|title=MiSK Foundation " Prince Mohammed bin Salman Foundation}}
197. ^"[https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/1-billion-and-one-arabian-nights-prince-mohammed-dines-with-murdoch-20180404-p4z7mp.html Prince Mohammed books out hotel to dine with Murdoch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523172943/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/1-billion-and-one-arabian-nights-prince-mohammed-dines-with-murdoch-20180404-p4z7mp.html |date=23 May 2018 }}". The Sydney Morning Herald. 4 April 2018.
198. ^{{cite journal|title=A 30-year-old Saudi prince could jump-start the kingdom – or drive it off a cliff|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-30-year-old-saudi-prince-could-jump-start-the-kingdom--or-drive-it-off-a-cliff/2016/06/28/ce669a3e-3c69-11e6-a66f-aa6c1883b6b1_story.html|journal=The Washington Post|date=28 June 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629211105/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-30-year-old-saudi-prince-could-jump-start-the-kingdom--or-drive-it-off-a-cliff/2016/06/28/ce669a3e-3c69-11e6-a66f-aa6c1883b6b1_story.html|archivedate=29 June 2016}}
199. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html|title=Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decades of Royal Tradition|first1=Mark|last1=Mazzetti|first2=Ben|last2=Hubbard|date=15 October 2016|work=The New York Times|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201143701/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html|archivedate=1 February 2017}}
200. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/world/middleeast/saudi-prince-chateau.html|title=World’s Most Expensive Home? Another Bauble for a Saudi Prince|website=The New York Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321225713/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/world/middleeast/saudi-prince-chateau.html|archivedate=21 March 2018|deadurl=no|access-date=28 March 2018}}
201. ^{{cite news|last1=Harris|first1=Shane|last2=Crow|first2=Kelly|last3=Said|first3=Summer|title=Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Identified as Buyer of Record-Breaking da Vinci|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabias-crown-prince-identified-as-buyer-of-record-breaking-da-vinci-1512674099|accessdate=7 December 2017|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=7 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207192111/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabias-crown-prince-identified-as-buyer-of-record-breaking-da-vinci-1512674099|archivedate=7 December 2017}}
202. ^{{cite web|last1=Meixler|first1=Eli|title=The Mystery Buyer of a $450 Million Leonardo da Vinci Painting Was a Saudi Prince|url=http://fortune.com/2017/12/06/da-vinci-painting-saudi-prince/|website=Fortune|accessdate=7 December 2017|date=7 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207140629/http://fortune.com/2017/12/06/da-vinci-painting-saudi-prince/|archivedate=7 December 2017}}
203. ^{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/salvator-mundi-da-vinci-saudi-prince-bader.html|title= Mystery Buyer of $450 Million 'Salvator Mundi' Was a Saudi Prince|website= The New York Times|access-date= 30 March 2018|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180417053427/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/salvator-mundi-da-vinci-saudi-prince-bader.html|archivedate= 17 April 2018|df= dmy-all}}
204. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.cbsnews.com/news/salvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-buyer-saudi-prince|title= Mystery buyer of famed da Vinci is Saudi prince: Report|publisher= CBS|access-date= 30 March 2018|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180331181733/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/salvator-mundi-leonardo-da-vinci-buyer-saudi-prince/|archivedate= 31 March 2018|df= dmy-all}}
205. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/news/embassy-statement-art-work-purchase|title=Embassy Statement on Art Work Purchase|website=The Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=28 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328165325/https://www.saudiembassy.net/news/embassy-statement-art-work-purchase|archivedate=28 March 2018}}
206. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/heritage/louvre-abu-dhabi-uae-has-acquired-da-vinci-s-salvator-mundi-1.682793|title=Louvre Abu Dhabi: UAE has acquired Da Vinci's Salvator Mundi|website=The National|access-date=28 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328230953/https://www.thenational.ae/uae/heritage/louvre-abu-dhabi-uae-has-acquired-da-vinci-s-salvator-mundi-1.682793|archivedate=28 March 2018}}
207. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2017/12/08/saudi-arabian-embassy-says-buyer-of-da-vinci-painting-not-the-crown-prince|title=Saudi Arabian Embassy Says The Buyer Of The Da Vinci Painting Is Not The Saudi Crown Prince|website=Forbes|access-date=28 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328171012/https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2017/12/08/saudi-arabian-embassy-says-buyer-of-da-vinci-painting-not-the-crown-prince|archivedate=28 March 2018}}
208. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/dec/07/world-record-da-vinci-painting-to-be-exhibited-at-louvre-abu-dhabi|title=Leonardo's Salvator Mundi: Abu Dhabi bought world's most expensive painting|website=The Guardian|access-date=28 March 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321225704/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/dec/07/world-record-da-vinci-painting-to-be-exhibited-at-louvre-abu-dhabi|archivedate=21 March 2018}}
209. ^Saudi’s Deputy Crown Prince meets Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112537/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/technology/2016/06/22/Saudi-s-Deputy-Crown-Prince-meets-Facebook-founder-Mark-Zuckerberg.html |date=7 February 2017 }} Al Arabiya. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
210. ^"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/saudi-prince-mohammed-us-tour-hollywood-harvard-silicon-valley-dwayne-johnson-rupert-murdoch-oprah-a8293456.html Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman toured Hollywood, Harvard and Silicon Valley on US visit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523102053/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/saudi-prince-mohammed-us-tour-hollywood-harvard-silicon-valley-dwayne-johnson-rupert-murdoch-oprah-a8293456.html |date=23 May 2018 }}". The Independent. 7 April 2018.
211. ^"[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/03/mbs-meets-aipac-anti-bds-leaders-visit-180329091244300.html MBS meets AIPAC, anti-BDS leaders during US visit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523100935/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/03/mbs-meets-aipac-anti-bds-leaders-visit-180329091244300.html |date=23 May 2018 }}". Al Jazeera. 29 March 2018.
212. ^{{cite news |title=Trump praises arms sales as he meets Saudi crown prince |url=https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381 |work=Financial Times |date=20 March 2018 |access-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624150438/https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381 |archive-date=24 June 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
213. ^"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/saudi-crown-prince-theresa-may-meeting-Mohammed-bin-salman-chequers-uk-state-visit-a8245741.html Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman meets Theresa May at Chequers on day two of UK state visit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308172705/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/saudi-crown-prince-theresa-may-meeting-mohammed-bin-salman-chequers-uk-state-visit-a8245741.html |date=8 March 2018 }}". The Independent. 8 March 2018 .
214. ^{{cite web|last1=Langer|first1=Marko|title=Saudi Arabia's Mohammed bin Salman: Reformer and hard-liner {{!}} Middle East{{!}} News and analysis of events in the Arab world {{!}} DW {{!}} 5 November 2017|url=http://www.dw.com/en/saudi-arabias-mohammed-bin-salman-reformer-and-hard-liner/a-40714307|website=DW.COM|accessdate=16 January 2018|date=5 November 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117012656/http://www.dw.com/en/saudi-arabias-mohammed-bin-salman-reformer-and-hard-liner/a-40714307|archivedate=17 January 2018}}
215. ^{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1912961/1-saudi-crown-prince-meet-president-coas/|title=President of Pakistan Dr Arif Alvi confers Nishan-e-Pakistan on Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman|work=Express Tribune}}
216. ^1 {{cite news | title= Saudis arrest another women's right activist | date= 27 June 2018 | publisher= Al Jazeera | url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/saudis-arrest-women-activist-180627130433127.html | accessdate=27 June 2018 | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/70UthjXT5?url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/saudis-arrest-women-activist-180627130433127.html | archivedate= 27 June 2018 | deadurl=no}}
217. ^1 {{cite web| last =al-Fassi| first =Hatoon Ajwad| authorlink =Hatoon al-Fassi| title =Dr Hatoon Ajwad al-Fassi هتون أجواد الفاسي| publisher =King Saud University| year =2011| url =http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/hatoon.alfassi/default.aspx| accessdate =29 May 2011| archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/5z35v2Ni4?url=http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/hatoon.alfassi/default.aspx| archivedate =29 May 2011| deadurl =yes| df =dmy-all}}
218. ^1 {{cite web | last1 = Brennan | first1 = David | title = Who Is Israa al-Ghomgham? Female Saudi Activist May Be Beheaded After Death Sentence | work = Newsweek | date =21 August 2018 | url = https://www.newsweek.com/who-israa-al-ghomgham-female-saudi-activist-may-be-beheaded-after-death-1083499 | accessdate = 24 August 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/71v3csHGA?url=https://www.newsweek.com/who-israa-al-ghomgham-female-saudi-activist-may-be-beheaded-after-death-1083499 |archivedate= 24 August 2018 |deadurl=no}}
219. ^1 {{cite web | title = Saudi Prosecution Seeks Death Penalty for Female Activist | publisher = Human Rights Watch | date = 21 August 2018 | url = https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/08/21/saudi-prosecution-seeks-death-penalty-female-activist | accessdate = 23 August 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/71s8YK5Mf?url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/08/21/saudi-prosecution-seeks-death-penalty-female-activist |archivedate= 22 August 2018 |deadurl=no}}
220. ^1 {{cite news | last1= Sawers | first1= John | authorlink1 = John Sawers | title= Evidence suggests crown prince ordered Khashoggi killing, says ex-MI6 chief | date= 19 October 2018 | work= The Guardian | url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/19/crown-prince-mohammed-jamal-khashoggi-killing-mi6-sir-john-sawers |accessdate=20 October 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/73JkCVXJc?url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/19/crown-prince-mohammed-jamal-khashoggi-killing-mi6-sir-john-sawers |archivedate= 20 October 2018 |deadurl=no}}
221. ^1 {{cite news | last1= Rula | first1= Jebreal |authorlink1= Rula Jebreal | title= Jamal Khashoggi Secret Interview: The Saudi Journalist's Views of Islam, America and the 'Reformist' Prince Implicated in His Murder | date= 19 October 2018 | work= Newsweek | url= https://www.newsweek.com/jamal-khashoggi-secret-interview-saudi-murder-prince-mbs-islam-america-1178489 |accessdate=20 October 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/73JmmBV1w?url=https://www.newsweek.com/jamal-khashoggi-secret-interview-saudi-murder-prince-mbs-islam-america-1178489 |archivedate= 20 October 2018 |deadurl=no}}
222. ^1 {{cite news | last1= Rutenberg | first1= Jim | title= Reality Breaks Up a Saudi Prince Charming's Media Narrative | date= 14 October 2018 | work= The New York Times | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/business/media/reality-saudi-prince-media-narrative.html |accessdate=20 October 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/73JpQ68Ek?url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/14/business/media/reality-saudi-prince-media-narrative.html |archivedate= 20 October 2018 |deadurl=no}}
223. ^1 {{cite news | last1= Lhatoo | first1= Yonden | title= What's the life of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi to US President Donald Trump? Nothing | date= 20 October 2018 | work= South China Morning Post | url= https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2169467/whats-life-saudi-journalist-jamal-khashoggi-us-president |accessdate=20 October 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/73JpxbFEF?url=https://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2169467/whats-life-saudi-journalist-jamal-khashoggi-us-president |archivedate= 20 October 2018 |deadurl=no}}
224. ^1 2 {{cite news | last1= Summers | first1= Hannah | title= Yemen on brink of 'world's worst famine in 100 years' if war continues | date= 15 October 2018 | work= The Guardian | url= https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/oct/15/yemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un |accessdate=21 October 2018 |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/73JzIotVF?url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/oct/15/yemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un |archivedate= 21 October 2018 |deadurl=no}}
[216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224]
}}

Further information

{{sisterlinks|d=Q6892571|c=category:Mohammed bin Salman|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}
  • [https://www.memri.org/tv/deputy-crown-prince-al-saud-war-iran-saudi-arabia-no-direct-dialogue Saudi Deputy Crown Prince: The War Will Be Waged in Iran, Not Saudi Arabia; No to Direct Dialogue with Iran], MEMRI TV, 2017
  • [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/18/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-mohammed-bin-nayef-mohammed-bin-salman.html Saudi King’s Son Plotted Effort to Oust His Rival] New York Times
{{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Prince Muhammad bin Nayef}}{{s-ttl|title=First Deputy Prime Minister|years=21 June 2017 – present}}{{s-aft|after=Incumbent}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Prince Muhammad bin Nayef}}{{s-ttl|title=Second Deputy Prime Minister|
reason=|years=

29 April 2015 – 21 June 2017}}

{{s-aft|after=Vacant}}{{succession box
|before=Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
|after=Incumbent
|title=Minister of Defence
|years=23 January 2015 – present}}{{succession box
|before=Khaled al-Tuwaijri
|after=Incumbent
|title=Chief of the Royal Court
|years=23 January 2015 – present
}}
|-{{s-roy|sa}}
|-{{S-bef|rows=2|before=Prince Muhammad bin Nayef}}{{S-ttl|title=Deputy Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia|years=29 April 2015 – 21 June 2017}}{{s-aft|after=Vacant}}
|-{{S-ttl|title=Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia|years=21 June 2017 – present}}{{s-aft|after=Incumbent}}{{s-end}}{{Saudi Crown Princes|state=collapsed}}{{Current heirs of monarchies|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Saud, Mohammed bin Salman Al}}

9 : 1985 births|Living people|Grandsons of Ibn Saud|King Saud University alumni|Government ministers of Saudi Arabia|Crown Princes of Saudi Arabia|Heirs apparent|21st-century politicians|Recipients of the Nishan-e-Pakistan
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/11 21:27:43