| 词条 | Soldier |
| 释义 |
| name= Soldier | image=A South African soldier with the 9th South African Infantry Battalion, 2013.jpg | caption= A South African soldier on an exercise in 2013 | official_names= | type= Profession | activity_sector= Military | competencies= Physical Stamina Mindset | formation= | employment_field= Armies and fireteams | related_occupation= Airman Sailor Marine Commando Mercenary | average_salary= }}{{Army units}}{{Chain of Command}} A soldier is one who fights as part of an army. A soldier can be a conscripted or volunteer enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, or an officer. EtymologyThe word soldier derives from the Middle English word soudeour, from Old French soudeer or soudeour, meaning mercenary, from soudee, meaning shilling's worth or wage, from sou or soud, shilling.[1] The word is also related to the Medieval Latin soldarius, meaning soldier (literally, "one having pay").[2] These words ultimately derive from the Late Latin word solidus, referring to an Ancient Roman coin used in the Byzantine Empire.[1][2] Occupational designationsIn most armies use of the word "soldier" has taken on a more general meaning due to the increasing specialization of military occupations that require different areas of knowledge and skill-sets. As a result, "soldiers" are referred to by names or ranks which reflect an individual's military occupation specialty arm, service, or branch of military employment, their type of unit, or operational employment or technical use such as: trooper, tanker (a member of tank crew), commando, dragoon, infantryman, artilleryman, paratrooper, grenadier, ranger, sniper, engineer, sapper, craftsman, signaller, medic, or a gunner. Other termsIn many countries soldiers serving in specific occupations are referred to by terms other than their occupational name. For example, military police personnel in the British Army are known as "red caps" because of the colour of their caps (and berets). Infantry are sometimes called "grunts" (in the United States Army) or "squaddies" (in the British Army), while U.S. Army artillery crews, or "gunners," are sometimes referred to as "redlegs", from the service branch color for artillery.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} U.S. soldiers are often called "G.I.s" (short for the term "General Issue"). French Marine Infantry are called marsouins ({{lang-fr|porpoises}}) because of their amphibious role.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Military units in most armies have nicknames of this type, arising either from items of distinctive uniform, some historical connotation or rivalry between branches or regiments. Career soldiers and conscriptsSome soldiers, such as conscripts or draftees, serve a single limited term. Others choose to serve until retirement; then they receive a pension and other benefits. In the United States, military members can retire after 20 years.[3] In other countries, the term of service is 30 years, hence the term "30-year man". Women as soldiersAccording to the United Nations, 10-30% of all soldiers worldwide are women.[4] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia |editor= Mish, Frederick C. |encyclopedia= Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary |title= soldier |edition= 11th |year= 2004 |publisher=Merriam-Webster |location= Springfield, MA |isbn=0-87779-809-5}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/ |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |author = Harper, Douglas |year=2010 |accessdate=17 August 2010 }} 3. ^{{cite web|title=20-Year Retirement |url=http://www.armytimes.com/careers/retirement/military_retirement_2007hbml/ |publisher=Armytimes.com |accessdate=8 March 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://drcvision.com/2017/05/11/congolese-young-women-participating-in-conflict-must-actively-participate-in-post-conflict-stabilisation/|title=Congolese young women participating in conflict must actively participate in post-conflict stabilisation -|first=|last=admin|publisher=}} External links{{wikiquote|Soldiers}}{{wiktionary|soldier}}
4 : Soldiers|Military specialisms|Military life|Combat occupations |
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