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释义 |
| stadium_name = Soldier Field | nickname = "Stadium in a Park" | logo_image = | image = | caption = Soldier Field in October 2006 | address = 1410 S Museum Campus Drive | location = Chicago, Illinois | coordinates = {{Coord|41.8623|N|87.6167|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|display=inline,title}}[1] | pushpin_map = United States Chicago#USA Illinois#USA | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chicago##Location in Illinois##Location in the United States | broke_ground = August 11, 1922[2] | opened = October 9, 1924 {{Time ago|1924}} | renovated = 2002–2003 | closed = January 19, 2002 – September 26, 2003 (renovations) | demolished = | nrhp = {{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=NHL|designation1_date=1987|delisted1_date=2006}} | owner = Chicago Park District | operator = SMG | surface = Kentucky Bluegrass (1924–1970, 1988–present) AstroTurf (1971–1987) | construction_cost = US$13 million (original)[3] (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|13000000|1924}}}} in 2015 dollars){{inflation-fn|US}} $632 million (2001–2003 renovation)[4] Renovations: (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|632000000|2003}}}} in 2015 dollars{{inflation-fn|US}}) | architect = Holabird & Roche Wood + Zapata, Inc. Lohan Caprile Goettsch Architects | project_manager = Hoffman Associates[5] | structural engineer = Thornton Tomasetti | services engineer = Ellerbe Becket[5] | general_contractor = Turner/Barton Malow/Kenny[5] | former_names = Municipal Grant Park Stadium (1924–1925) | tenants = Notre Dame Fighting Irish football (NCAA) (1929)[6][7] Chicago Rockets/Hornets (AAFC) (1946–1949) Chicago Cardinals (NFL) (1959) UIC Chikas football (NCAA) (1966)[8]–1973)[9] Chicago Spurs (NPSL) (1967) Chicago Owls (CFL) (1968–1969) Chicago Bears (NFL) (1971–2001, 2003–present) Chicago Sting (NASL) (1975–1976) Chicago Fire (WFL) (1974) Chicago Winds (WFL) (1975) Chicago Blitz (USFL) (1983–1984) Chicago Fire (MLS) (1998–2001, 2003–2005) Chicago Enforcers (XFL) (2001) | suites = 133 | seating_capacity = 66,944 (1994) 61,500 (2003)[10] | acreage = {{convert|7|acre}}[3] | publictransit = {{rint|rail}} {{rint|chicago|metra}} {{Rail color box|system=Metra|line=Metra Electric}}{{Rail color box|system=NICTD|line=South Shore}} at Museum Campus/11th Street at 18th Street {{rint|metro}} Chicago Transit Authority {{Rail color box|system=CTA|line=Red}}{{Rail color box|system=CTA|line=Orange}}{{Rail color box|system=CTA|line=Green}} at Roosevelt }} Soldier Field is an American football stadium located in the Near South Side of Chicago, Illinois. It opened in 1924 and is the home field of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL), who moved there in 1971.[11][12] With a football capacity of 61,500, it is the third-smallest stadium in the NFL. In 2016, Soldier Field became the second-oldest stadium in the league when the Los Angeles Rams began playing temporarily at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which opened a year earlier than Soldier Field. The stadium's interior was mostly demolished and rebuilt as part of a major renovation project in 2002, which modernized the facility but lowered seating capacity, while also causing it to be delisted as a National Historic Landmark. Soldier Field has served as the home venue for a number of other sports teams in its history, including the Chicago Cardinals of the NFL, University of Notre Dame football, and the Chicago Fire of Major League Soccer, as well as games from the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, and multiple CONCACAF Gold Cup championships. In 1968, it hosted the first Games of the Special Olympics. HistorySoldier Field was designed in 1919 and opened on October 9, 1924, as Municipal Grant Park Stadium. The name was changed to Soldier Field on November 11, 1925, as a memorial to U.S. soldiers who had died in combat. Its formal dedication as Soldier Field was on Saturday, November 27, 1926,[13] during the 29th annual playing of the Army–Navy Game.[17] Its design is in the Neoclassical style, with Doric columns rising above the East and West entrances.[14] The stadium cost $13 million to construct ($182 million in 2015 dollars), a very large sum for a sporting venue at that time (in comparison, L.A. Memorial Coliseum had cost less than $1 million in 1923 dollars). Early configurationIn its earliest configuration, Soldier Field was capable of seating 74,280 spectators and was in the shape of a U. Additional seating could be added along the interior field, upper promenades and on the large, open field and terrace beyond the north endzone,[15] bringing the seating capacity to over 100,000.[16] Chicago Bears move inSoldier Field was used as a site for many sporting events and exhibitions. The Chicago Cardinals used it as their home field for their final season in Chicago in 1959. A dozen years later in September {{nfly|1971}}, the Chicago Bears moved in, originally with a three-year commitment.[11][12] They previously played at Wrigley Field, best known as the home of the Chicago Cubs baseball team, but were forced to move to a larger venue due to post-AFL–NFL merger policies requiring that stadium capacities seat over 50,000 spectators. They had intended to build a stadium in Arlington Heights. In 1978, the Bears and the Chicago Park District agreed to a 20-year lease and renovation of the stadium. Both parties pooled their resources for the renovation.[17] The playing surface was AstroTurf from 1971 through 1987, replaced with natural grass in 1988.[18] Replacement talksIn 1989, Soldier Field's future was in jeopardy after a proposal was created for a "McDome", which was intended to be a domed stadium for the Bears, but was rejected by the Illinois Legislature in 1990. Because of this, Bears president Michael McCaskey considered relocation as a possible factor for a new stadium. The Bears had also purchased options in Hoffman Estates, Elk Grove Village, and Aurora. In 1995, McCaskey announced that he and Northwest Indiana developers agreed to construction of an entertainment complex called "Planet Park", which would also include a new stadium. However, the plan was rejected by the Lake County Council, and in 1998, Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley proposed that the Bears share Comiskey Park with the Chicago White Sox.[19] RenovationsBeginning in 1978, the plank seating was replaced by individual seats with backs and armrests. In 1982, a new press box as well as 60 skyboxes were added to the stadium, boosting capacity to 66,030. In 1988, 56 more skyboxes were added increasing capacity to 66,946. Capacity was slightly increased to 66,950 in 1992. By 1994, capacity was slightly reduced to 66,944. During the renovation, seating capacity was reduced to 55,701 by building a grandstand in the open end of the U shape. This moved the field closer to both ends at the expense of seating capacity. The goal of this renovation was to move the fans closer to the field.[20] The front row 50-yard line seats were then now only {{convert|55|ft}} away from the sidelines, the shortest distance of all NFL stadiums, until MetLife Stadium opened in 2010, with a distance of 46 feet.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} Landmark delistingIn 2001, the Chicago Park District, which owns the structure, faced substantial criticism when it announced plans to alter the stadium with a design by Benjamin T. Wood and Carlos Zapata of the Boston-based architecture firm Wood + Zapata. Stadium grounds were reconfigured by Chicago-based architecture firm of Lohan Associate, led by architect Dirk Lohan, the grandson of architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The stadium's interior would be demolished and reconstructed while the exterior would be preserved. This is an example of facadism. A similar endeavor of constructing a new stadium within the confines of an historic stadium's exterior was completed in Leipzig, Germany's Red Bull Arena, which similarly built a modern stadium while persevering the exterior of the original Zentralstadion. On January 19, 2002, the night of the Bears' playoff loss to the Philadelphia Eagles, demolition was begun as tailgate fires still burned in the trash cans in the parking lots. Removal of 24,000 stadium seats in 36 hours by Archer Seating Clearinghouse, a speed record never exceeded since, was the first step in building the new Soldier Field. Nostalgic Bears fans, recalling the glory seasons, especially 1985, along with some retired players picked up their seats in the South Parking lot. The foremen on the job were Grant Wedding, who himself installed the seats in 1979, and Mark Wretschko who was an executive for the factory who made the 1979 seats. Dozens of articles by writers and columnists attacked the project as an aesthetic, political, and financial nightmare. The project received mixed reviews within the architecture community, including criticism by civic and preservation groups.[21] Prominent American architect and Chicagoan Stanley Tigerman called it "a fiasco".[22] The Chicago Tribune architecture critic Blair Kamin dubbed it the "Eyesore on the Lake Shore".[23][24][25] The renovation was described by some as "a spaceship landed on the stadium".[26][27] Lohan responded, I would never say that Soldier Field is an architectural landmark. Nobody has copied it; nobody has learned from it. People like it for nostalgic reasons. They remember the games and parades and tractor pulls and veterans' affairs they've seen there over the years. I wouldn't do this if it were the Parthenon. But this isn't the Parthenon.[22] Proponents argued the renovation was direly needed citing aging and cramped facilities. The New York Times ranked the renovated Soldier Field as one of the five best new buildings of 2003.[28] Soldier Field was given an award in design excellence by the American Institute of Architects in 2004.[29] On September 23, 2004, as a result of the 2003 renovation, a 10-member federal advisory committee unanimously recommended that Soldier Field be delisted as a National Historic Landmark.[30][31] The recommendation to delist was prepared by Carol Ahlgren, architectural historian at the National Park Service's Midwest Regional Office in Omaha, Nebraska. Ahlgren was quoted in Preservation Online as stating that "if we had let this stand, I believe it would have lowered the standard of National Historic Landmarks throughout the country", and, "If we want to keep the integrity of the program, let alone the landmarks, we really had no other recourse." The stadium lost the Landmark designation on February 17, 2006.[32] Subsequent developmentsIn May 2012, the stadium became the first NFL stadium to achieve LEED status.[33] Public transportationThe closest Chicago 'L' station to Soldier Field is the Roosevelt station on the Orange, Green and Red lines. The Chicago Transit Authority also operates the #128 Soldier Field Express bus route to the stadium from Ogilvie Transportation Center and Union Station. There are also two Metra stations close by—the Museum Campus/11th Street station on the Metra Electric Line, which also is used by South Shore Line trains, and 18th Street, which is only served by the Metra Electric Line. Pace also provides access from the Northwest, West and Southwest suburbs to the stadium with four express routes from Schaumburg, Lombard, Bolingbrook, Burr Ridge, Palos Heights and Oak Lawn. Events{{Main|List of events at Soldier Field}}FootballSingle events
NFL playoffs
College footballNIU Huskies football plays select games at Soldier Field, all of which have featured the Huskies hosting a team from the Big Ten Conference. Northern Illinois University (NIU) is located in DeKalb, {{convert|65|mi|km}} to the west on Interstate 88.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football used the stadium as home field for the 1929 season while Notre Dame Stadium was being constructed. The school has used Soldier Field for single games on occasion both prior to and since the 1929 season. HockeyThe Notre Dame Fighting Irish and Miami RedHawks played a doubleheader on February 17, 2013 with the Wisconsin Badgers and Minnesota Golden Gophers in the Hockey City Classic, the first outdoor hockey game in the history of the stadium.[35] A Chicago Gay Hockey Association intra-squad game was held in affiliation with the Hockey City Classic.[36] The Chicago Blackhawks played against the Pittsburgh Penguins on March 1, 2014 as part of the NHL's Stadium Series. The Blackhawks defeated the Penguins 5-1 before a sold-out crowd of 62,921.[37] The team also held its 2015 Stanley Cup Championship celebration at the stadium instead of Grant Park, where other city championships have typically been held, due to recent rains.[38] February 7, 2015 Soldier Field hosted another edition of the Hockey City Classic. The event had been delayed due to unusually warm weather (42 °F) and complications with the quality of the ice. The 2015 edition of the Hockey City Classic featured a match between Miami of Ohio and Western Michigan, followed by a match between the Big Ten's Michigan and Michigan State[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] February 5 the organizers of the Hockey City Classic organized the Unite on the Ice event benefiting St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. The event was centered upon a celebrity hockey game with former NHL and AHL players, as well as a public free skate at Soldier Field. Participants in the celebrity game included Éric Dazé, Jamal Mayers and Gino Cavallini. Denis Savard was in attendance, serving as an 'honorary coach' during the game.[47] February 15, 2015 Soldier Field hosted another Chicago Gay Hockey Association intra-league match in association with the Hockey City Classic at Soldier Field.[36]
Soccer1994 FIFA World Cup
1999 FIFA Women's World Cup{{clear}}
CONCACAF Gold Cups2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup
Copa América Centenario{{main|Copa América Centenario}}{{clear}}
Other events
In popular culture
GallerySee also
References1. ^{{GNIS|418694|Soldier Field}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=Start Work On New Municipal Stadium In Grant Park, Chicago|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/csmonitor_historic/access/311946322.html?dids=311946322:311946322&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Aug+16%2C+1922&author=Special+from+Monitor+Bureau&pub=Christian+Science+Monitor&desc=START+WORK+ON+NEW+MUNICIPAL+STADIUM+IN+GRANT+PARK%2C+CHICAGO&pqatl=google|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=August 16, 1922}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.soldierfield.net/content/stadium-history|title=Stadium History and Timeline|year=2010|work=Official website|publisher=Soldier Field|accessdate=May 21, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717055344/http://www.soldierfield.net/content/stadium-history|archivedate=July 17, 2011|df=mdy-all}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1165.html|title=Soldier Field|last=Riess|first=Steven A.|year=2005|work=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|accessdate=May 21, 2010}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |author=Published October 6, 2003|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2003/10/20031006/Facilities/After-A-Quick-Build-Showtime-In-Chicago.aspx|title=After a quick build, showtime in Chicago|work=SportsBusiness Journal|date=October 6, 2003|accessdate=March 10, 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web |url= http://slapthesign.com/2015/01/07/report-annual-blue-gold-spring-game-may-move-soldier-field/|title= Report: Annual Blue-Gold Spring Game May Be Moved To Soldier Field|last=Hall |first=Andrew |date=January 18, 2015 |website=slapthesign.com |accessdate=January 18, 2015}} 7. ^{{cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Liam T.A. Ford|year=2009|title=Soldier Field: A Stadium and Its City |edition=1st |location=Chicago |publisher=University Of Chicago Press |page=91| quote=In 1929 a new stadium was under construction at Notre Dame, and the team played its entire home season at Soldier Field}} 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Liam T.A. Ford |year=2009|title=Soldier Field: A Stadium and Its City |edition=1st |location=Chicago |publisher=University Of Chicago Press |page=236| quote= UIC started playing football at Soldier Field in 1966}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Liam T. A. Ford |year=2009|title=Soldier Field: A Stadium and Its City |edition=1st |location=Chicago |publisher=University Of Chicago Press |page=236| quote= their last home game at Soldier Field, on November 3, 1973}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/travel/stadium/_/s/nfl/id/3|title=Soldier Field|publisher=ESPN.com|date=January 9, 2012|accessdate=July 24, 2012}} 11. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/05/14/page/55/article/bears-find-home-its-soldier-field |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |last=Rollow |first=Cooper |title=Bears find home; it's Soldier Field |date=March 14, 1971 |page=1, part 3 }} 12. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8ksaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fygEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7322%2C1745759 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal |title=Bears sign to play in Soldier Field |date=March 14, 1971 |page=21 }} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1926/11/27/page/1/article/110-000-to-see-game-today |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |title=110,000 to see game today |date=November 27, 1926 |page=1}} 14. ^"Soldier Field", Chicago Architecture Info. Retrieved January 16, 2016. 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1946/04/07/page/10/ |newspaper=Chicago Sunday Tribune |title=Truman telss Chicago crowd U.S. must remain strong |date=April 7, 1946 |page=10, part 1}} 16. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=voVWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OuYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1516%2C7547180 |newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald |location=Australia |agency=(photo)|title=Closing meeting at Chicago's Soldier Field |date=November 25, 1962 |page=64 }} 17. ^{{cite web|last=Lugardo|first=Sara|url=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2012/12/16/history-of-tailgating-in-chicago/|title=History of Tailgating in Chicago|publisher=WBBM-TV|date=2012-12-16|accessdate=2012-12-16}} 18. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=19FKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=w-kMAAAAIBAJ&pg=962%2C3903968 |newspaper=Schenectady Gazette |location=New York |agency=Associated Press |title=Bears' games at Soldier Field may be moved |date=August 16, 1988 |page=26}} 19. ^{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Roy|url=http://www.bearshistory.com/lore/soldierfieldhistory.aspx|title=Soldier Field History|publisher=Bearshistory.com|accessdate=July 24, 2012}} 20. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobears.com/tradition/soldier-field-history/historical-timeline.html|title=Historical timeline of Soldier Field|year=2009|publisher=Chicago Bears|accessdate=December 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145306/http://www.chicagobears.com/tradition/soldier-field-history/historical-timeline.html|archive-date=December 22, 2015|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 21. ^{{cite news |title=Chicago Journal; Soldier Field Renovation Brings Out Boo-Birds|first=David|last=Barboza|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/16/us/chicago-journal-soldier-field-renovation-brings-out-boo-birds.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 16, 2003|accessdate=September 4, 2012}} 22. ^1 {{cite news |title=Field of Pain|newspaper=Chicago 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22, 2010}} 32. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20060428.HTM|title=Weekly List of Actions taken on properties: 4/17/06 through 4/21/06|date=April 28, 2006|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=May 21, 2010}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/NewsStory.asp?story_id=8842|title=Soldier Field earns top building honor|publisher=Chicago Bears|date=May 31, 2012|accessdate=July 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625103306/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/NewsStory.asp?story_id=8842|archive-date=June 25, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/LibExhibits/Archives/Armynavy/An1926.htm |title=1926 Army-Navy Game |date=November 26, 2001 |work=Library Archives |publisher=United States Naval Academy |accessdate=May 21, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114060018/http://www.usna.edu/LibExhibits/Archives/Armynavy/An1926.htm |archivedate=January 14, 2009 }} 35. ^ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725035223/http://www.chicagonow.com/chicago-sports-guru/2012/07/college-hockey-doubleheader-coming-to-soldier-field-hockey-city-classic/|date=July 25, 2012}} 36. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/m/APPredirect.php?AID=50295|title=CGHA to skate at Soldier Field after Hockey City Classic |last=Forman |first=Ross |date=January 24, 2015 |website=Windycitymediagroup.com |publisher=Windy City Times |accessdate=February 1, 2015}} 37. ^ {{dead link|date=August 2014}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://abc7chicago.com/sports/blackhawks-parade-soldier-field-rally-to-be-held-thursday/787648/|title=Blackhawks rally tickets to be available Wednesday|first=Ben|last=Bradley|date=June 16, 2015|website=Abc7chicago.com|accessdate=November 9, 2017}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-hockey/spec-rel/081214aac.html|title=Michigan to Play Michigan State Outdoors at Soldier Field in Chicago|website=Mgoblue.com|date= August 12, 2014|accessdate=August 18, 2014}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20140811/SPORTS06/308110149/michigan-state-hockey-soldier-field|title=Michigan, MSU to play outdoor hockey at Soldier Field|website=Freep.com|date= August 11, 2014|accessdate=August 18, 2014}} 41. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.msuspartans.com/sports/m-hockey/recaps/020815aab.html |title=Spartans Fall to Michigan at Soldier Field | date=February 8, 2015 |website=Msuspartans.com |access-date=February 8, 2015}} 42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.westernherald.com/sports/article_444a00e0-afb4-11e4-9707-2b2f6011025b.html |title=WMU Hockey Comes Up Short at Soldier Field |author=|date=February 8, 2015 |website=Westernherald.com |publisher=Western Herald |access-date=February 9, 2015}} 43. ^{{cite web |url=http://btn.com/2015/02/08/michigan-downs-michigan-state-4-1-in-hockey-city-classic-at-soldier-field/ |title=Michigan downs Michigan State, 4-1, in Hockey City Classic at Soldier Field |author=|date=February 8, 2015 |website=btn.com |publisher=Big Ten Network |access-date=February 9, 2015}} 44. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/college/2015/02/08/michigan-msu-hockey-city-classic/23083555/ |title=Sipple: Hockey City Classic in Chicago full of problems |last=Sipple |first=George|date=February 8, 2015 |website=Freep.com |publisher=Detroit Free Press |access-date=February 9, 2015}} 45. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.collegehockeystats.net/1415/boxes/mmiawmu1.f07 |title=Saturday, February 7, 2015 Miami (MIA) vs Western Michigan (WMU) | website=Collegehockeystats.net |access-date=November 3, 2015 }} 46. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uscho.com/box/mens-hockey/2015/02/07/michigan-state-vs-michigan/ |title=Michigan 4, Michigan State 1 | website=Uscho.com |access-date= November 3, 2015}} 47. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/public-skating-charity-game-at-soldier-field-thursday/ |title=PUBLIC SKATING, CHARITY GAME AT SOLDIER FIELD THURSDAY |last=Romano |first=Sara |date=February 4, 2015 |website=news.medill.northwestern.edu |publisher=Northwestern University |access-date=July 5, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150304201037/http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/public-skating-charity-game-at-soldier-field-thursday/ |archivedate=March 4, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 48. ^Liverpool Hold Off Olympiacos at Soldier Field {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729024651/http://internationalchampionscup.com/news/?article_id=108 |date=July 29, 2014 }} ICC.com July 28, 2014 Retrieved July 28, 2014 49. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.specialolympics.org/Sections/What_We_Do/History/History_1960s.aspx |title=The Beginning of a Worldwide Movement |website=Special Olympics |language=en |access-date=2018-07-18 |df=mdy-all}} 50. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.specialolympics.org/Sections/What_We_Do/History/History_1970s.aspx |title=A Joyful New Movement Gains Momentum |website=Special Olympics |language=en |access-date=2018-07-18 |df=mdy-all}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11233010 |title=All Blacks: Chicago likely test venue – Sport – NZ Herald News |publisher=Nzherald.co.nz |date= |accessdate=2014-08-01}} 52. ^"More than 30,000 tickets sold for All Blacks matchup at Soldier Field" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624100330/http://usarugby.org/mens-eagles-news/item/more-than-30000-tickets-sold-for-all-blacks-matchup-at-soldier-field |date=June 24, 2014 }}, USA Rugby, June 18, 2014. 53. ^Wise, Chad (November 1, 2014). "All Blacks Showcase World-Class Rugby at Soldier Field" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118194648/http://usarugby.org/mens-eagles-news/item/all-blacks-showcase-world-class-rugby-at-soldier-field |date=January 18, 2016 }}, USA Rugby. Retrieved February 7, 2016. 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rugby.com.au/wallabies/GameDay/2015WallabiesFixtures.aspx |title=2015 Wallabies Fixtures |publisher=Australian Rugby Union |date= |accessdate=2015-07-04}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/article-3909190/Ireland-40-29-New-Zealand-Joe-Schmidt-s-men-taste-historic-victory-Blacks-run-five-tries-record-win-111-years.html|title=Ireland 40-29 New Zealand: Joe Schmidt's men taste historic victory over All Blacks as they run in five tries to record first win in 111 years|date=5 November 2016|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=7 November 2016}} 56. ^{{cite book |title=DeadBase XI: The Complete Guide to Grateful Dead Song Lists |last=Scott |first=John W. |author2=Dolgushkin, Mike |author3=Nixon, Stu. |year=1999 |publisher=DeadBase |location=Cornish, New Hampshire |isbn=1-877657-22-0}} 57. ^Waddell, Ray (July 4, 2015). "Grateful Dead Fare Thee Well Sets Attendance Record at Chicago's Soldier Field", Billboard. Retrieved February 20, 2016. 58. ^{{cite news |last=Legaspi |first=Althea |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/ct-ent-0725-coldplay-review-20160724-story.html |title=Rain can't dampen Coldplay party at Soldier Field |work=Chicago Tribune |date=2016-07-24 |accessdate=2016-07-24 }} 59. ^{{cite news| title =Planes Thrill Crowd at Military Show| newspaper =Chicago Daily Tribune| date =June 25, 1932}} 60. ^{{cite news| title =1,500 Soldiers Will Move into Loop Wednesday| newspaper =Chicago Daily Tribune| date =June 13, 1932}} 61. ^{{cite news| last =Laughlin| first =Kathleen| title =Amelia Flies to City; Given Noisy Ovation| newspaper =Chicago Daily Tribune|date =June 25, 1932}} 62. ^{{cite news|title=Chicago Fair Opened by Farley; Rays of Arcturus Start Lights|newspaper=New York Times|date=May 28, 1933}} 63. ^{{cite news|last= O'Donnell Bennett|first=James|title=Exposition Starts with Pageant in Soldiers' Field|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=May 28, 1933}} 64. ^{{cite news|last=Gentry|first=Guy |title=700,000 Tickets Out for F.D.R. Rally Tonight|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=October 28, 1944}} 65. ^{{cite news|title=Record Crowd Hears President Give Peace Program|newspaper=Chicago Defender|date=November 4, 1944}} 66. ^{{cite news|title=Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, "Campaign Address at Soldier Field, Chicago" October 28, 1944|agency=Associated Press}} 67. ^{{cite news|last=Edwards|first=Willard |title=F.D.R. Promises New Deal No. 2; Dewey Hits at War 'Credit' Claim|newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=October 29, 1944}} 68. ^Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Campaign Address at Soldier Field", Oct. 28, 1944 69. ^{{cite news| title = Postwar Goal: 60 Million Jobs| newspaper = Los Angeles Times| date =October 29, 1944 }} 70. ^{{cite news | title = Record Crowd In Chicago | newspaper = Chicago Defender| date = November 4, 1944}} 71. ^{{cite book |last=Kennedy|first=David M.|title=Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York City|pages=767–769; 774–775}} 72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.laidbackracing.com/TheOldDays/SoldierFieldChicago.html|title=Checkered Flag Waves for NASCAR Legends story – Soldier Field|publisher=Laidbackracing.com|accessdate=November 30, 2014}} 73. ^{{cite web|last=Higgins|first=Tom|url=http://www.thatsracin.com/2010/07/09/40300/chicagos-storied-soldier-field.html|title=Chicago's storied Soldier Field was once a NASCAR track|publisher=www.thatsracin.com|date=July 9, 2010|accessdate=March 10, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104002242/http://www.thatsracin.com/2010/07/09/40300/chicagos-storied-soldier-field.html|archivedate=January 4, 2011|df=mdy-all}} 74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nascar.com/en_us/news-media/featured-shows/2013/9/12/sprint-cup-series-chicagoland-throwback-thursday.html|title=Throwback Thursday: Chicagoland|work=NASCAR|date=September 12, 2013|accessdate=September 12, 2013}} 75. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/specialcoll/services/rjd/CULExhibit/Urban%20League%20Exhibit/4_1_IL%20Freedom%20Rally.htm |title=Freedom Summer in Chicago: An Anticlimax |website=Uic.edu |publisher=University of Illinois at Chicago Library |access-date=January 27, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227210920/http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/specialcoll/services/rjd/CULExhibit/Urban%20League%20Exhibit/4_1_IL%20Freedom%20Rally.htm |archivedate=February 27, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 76. ^{{cite book |last1=Cohen|first1=Adam|last2=Taylor|first2=Elizabeth|title=American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley: His Battle for Chicago and the Nation|year=2000|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0-316-83403-3|oclc=42392137|page={{Page needed|date=May 2010}}}} 77. ^{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04EED8173BF935A35752C0A9669C8B63 |title=Cell Phones Ruin the Opera? Meet the Culprit |work=The New York Times |first=Ted |last=Oehmke |date=January 6, 2000 |accessdate=2009-05-26}} 78. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/IL/Cook/state9.html|title=Soldier Field – Building #84001052|year=1984|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=May 21, 2010}} 79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20060428.HTM|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|publisher=National Park Service|date=April 28, 2006|accessdate=July 24, 2012}} 80. ^Noel, Josh; Elejalde-Ruiz, Alexia (July 16, 2006). "Pride, Support, Protest Mark Opening", Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 5, 2016. 81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/NewsStory.asp?story_id=8826|title=President Obama throws football at Soldier Field|publisher=Chicago Bears|date=May 21, 2012|accessdate=July 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619134137/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/NewsStory.asp?story_id=8826|archive-date=June 19, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 82. ^Siege #1 83. ^Avengers (vol. 4) #1 84. ^{{cite web |title=Powers of Ten|work=Film and description|date=June 14, 2011|publisher=Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN)|url=http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1002700%20|accessdate=August 11, 2011|quote=The zoom-out continues, to a view of 100 meters (10^2 m), then 1 kilometer (10^3 m), and so on, increasing the perspective. The picnic is revealed to be taking place near Soldier Field on Chicago's waterfront, and continuing to zoom out to a field of view of 10^24 meters, or the size of the observable universe.}} 85. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/cl-et-flags20oct20,1,3679517.story|title=Movie Review: Flags of Our Fathers|last=Turan|first=Kenneth|date=October 20, 2006|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 21, 2010}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}
|title=Soldier Field succession and navigation boxes |list1={{S-start-collapsible|header={{S-sta|et}}}}{{succession box | title=FIFA World Cup }}{{Succession box | title = Home of the Chicago Bears | years = 1971–2001 2003–present | before = Wrigley Field Memorial Stadium | after = Memorial Stadium current stadium }}{{Succession box | title = Home of the Chicago Cardinals | years = 1959 | before = Comiskey Park | after = Busch Stadium }}{{Succession box | title = Home of the Chicago Fire | years = 1998–2002 2003–2005 | before = first stadium Cardinal Stadium | after = Cardinal Stadium Toyota Park }}{{Succession box| | title = CONCACAF Gold Cup Final Venue | years = 2007 | before = Giants Stadium East Rutherford | after = Giants Stadium East Rutherford }}{{succession box | title=CONCACAF Gold Cup Final Venue| | years=2013 | before=Rose Bowl Pasadena| | after= Lincoln Financial Field Philadelphia| }}{{Succession box | title = Host of NFC Championship Game | years = 1986 1989 2007 2011 | before = Candlestick Park RFK Stadium Qwest Field Louisiana Superdome | after = Giants Stadium Candlestick Park Lambeau Field Candlestick Park }}{{end}}{{Chicago Bears}}{{Arizona Cardinals}}{{Kansas City Spurs}}{{Chicago Sting}}{{Chicago Fire}}{{Notre Dame Fighting Irish football navbox}}{{NFL Stadiums}}{{XFL}}{{Pan American Games stadiums}}{{1994 FIFA World Cup Venues}}{{FIFA World Cup Opening stadiums}}{{1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Venues}}{{2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup venues}}{{2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup stadiums}}{{2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup stadiums}}{{Copa América Centenario stadiums}}{{2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup stadiums}}{{Registered Historic Places}}{{Grant Park}}{{Former MLS stadiums}}{{NASCAR Sprint Cup Series racetracks}} }} 43 : Soldier Field|Central Chicago|Sports venues in Chicago|American football venues in Chicago|Athletics (track and field) venues in Chicago|Boxing venues in Chicago|Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago|College football venues|Chicago Bears stadiums|Chicago Blitz stadiums|Chicago Cardinals stadiums|Chicago Fire Soccer Club|Chicago Sting sports facilities|CONCACAF Gold Cup stadiums|Former Major League Soccer stadiums|FIFA Women's World Cup stadiums|Former National Historic Landmarks of the United States|Ice hockey venues in Chicago|Kansas City Spurs sports facilities|Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certified buildings|Motorsport venues in Illinois|NASCAR tracks|National Football League venues|North American Soccer League (1968–84) stadiums|Notre Dame Fighting Irish football venues|Outdoor ice hockey venues in the United States|Pan American Games opening ceremony stadiums|Pan American Games athletics venues|Projects by Holabird & Root|Rebuilt buildings and structures in Illinois|Rugby union stadiums in Chicago|Soccer venues in Chicago|Softball venues in Chicago|Sports venues completed in 1924|Sports venues on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois|Tennis venues in Chicago|Tourist attractions in Chicago|United States Football League venues|World Football League venues|XFL venues|1994 FIFA World Cup stadiums|1924 establishments in Illinois|Stadiums that have hosted a FIFA World Cup opening match |
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