| 词条 | Monument Creek (Arkansas River) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Monument Creek WatershedThe Monument Creek Watershed is bounded on the north by the Palmer Divide, which divides the Platte River and Arkansas River watersheds. It extend from Black Forest west to Rampart Range.[4]
Monument Valley ParkMonument Creek flows through the approximately {{convert|2|mi|km}} long Monument Valley Park at the western edge of downtown Colorado Springs. The creek runs through the center of the park from West Monroe south to West Bijou.[7] Within the park, Monument Creek flows north to south and falls about {{convert|72|ft|m}} in elevation. It is {{convert|5,988|ft|m}} in elevation at its lowest point at the southwestern corner of the park; It is {{convert|6,060|ft|m}} in elevation at the northern edge of the park, north of Boddington Field. The narrow Mesa Creek intersects with Monument Creek at the northwestern edge of the park.[7] Flood of 1935A significant flood of Monument Creek occurred on Memorial Day, 1935[8] when it overflowed from constant heavy rains over May 30 and 31. Within the Monument Valley Park, three bridges were lost, the swimming pool filled with mud, trees were uprooted, and meadows and walkways were covered with silt and debris. Shadow Lake was made into a puddle. The streets were filled with water.[9] The 3 natural springs were capped over with silt and debris as a result of the flood. Lakes in the park were washed away and pavilions were destroyed.[11] As a result, the park today looks very different than it did before the flood.[10] The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was engaged to renovate the park as the result of the flood damage. They built creekside stone retaining walls, bridges, rock steps and benches using timber and native stone as part of a rustic, picturesque design. A grandstand was built for one of the baseball fields. Stone markers were established with bronze plaques in recognition of the renovation work performed by the WPA. Features that were not replaced include a lake, some of the gardens, and rustic bridges.[9] Water quality mitigationIn 2004 and 2006 the creek was declared "impaired" for fish and wildlife due to the presence of selenium from an unknown source. In 2004 it was also said to have been subject to an unknown biologic stressor. Sufficient water quality was attained by May 6, 2008.[11][12] See also
References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO:3:P3_FID,P3_TITLE:193535,Monument%20Creek | title=Monument Creek | publisher=US Geographic Names Information System, US Geological Survey, US Department of Labor | accessdate=January 11, 2015| date=October 13, 1978}} {{PD-notice}} {{Coord|38.8280|-104.8337|type:river_region:US-CO|format=dms|display=title}}{{Colorado Springs}}2. ^{{cite web | url=http://ofmpub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_index.search_wb?p_cycle=2006&p_area=CO&p_huc=11020003 | title=Search: Monument Creek |work=Watershed Assessment, Tracking & Environmental Results | publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency | accessdate=January 11, 2015 }}{{PD-notice}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/download/documents/2002/mcwla-final_022502_low.pdf |title=Monument Creek Watershed Landscape Assessment | publisher=Colorado State University, College of Natural Resources | author=John Armstrong and Joe Stevens | date=2002 |accessdate=January 12, 2015 | page=19 }} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/download/documents/2002/mcwla-final_022502_low.pdf |title=Monument Creek Watershed Landscape Assessment | publisher=Colorado State University, College of Natural Resources | author=John Armstrong and Joe Stevens | date=2002 |accessdate=January 12, 2015 | pages=22–23 }} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:1:0::NO::: |title=GNIS Feature Search: Query Creeks in El Paso County, Colorado | publisher=Geographic Names Information System, US Geological Survey, US Department of the Interior | accessdate=January 12, 2015 }} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/download/documents/2002/mcwla-final_022502_low.pdf |title=Monument Creek Watershed Landscape Assessment | publisher=Colorado State University, College of Natural Resources | author=John Armstrong and Joe Stevens | date=2002 |accessdate=January 12, 2015 | pages=23–24 }} 7. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/OAHP/NRSR/5EP613.pdf | title=Monument Valley Park - National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form | publisher=Colorado Preservation Office | accessdate=May 22, 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.springsgov.com/Page.aspx?NavID=1995 | title=Monument Valley Park | publisher=City of Colorado Springs | accessdate=May 22, 2013}} 9. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.fmvp.net/About_Us.php | title=History of Monument Valley Park | publisher=Friends of Monument Valley Park | accessdate=May 22, 2013}} 10. ^1 {{ cite news | author=Brandon Fibbs | title=Fun with the Founder - Move over, Columbus: Colorado Springs founder gets back his holiday | newspaper=The Gazette (accessed via HighBeam Research) | location=Colorado Springs, CO | date=July 25, 2003 }} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://ofmpub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_waterbody.control?p_au_id=COARFO06_3500&p_cycle=2004&p_state=CO&p_report_type= | title=2004 Waterbody Report for Monument Creek |work=Watershed Assessment, Tracking & Environmental Results | publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency | accessdate=January 11, 2015 }}{{PD-notice}} 12. ^{{cite web | url=http://ofmpub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_waterbody.control?p_au_id=COARFO06_3500&p_cycle=2006&p_state=CO&p_report_type= | title=2006 Waterbody Report for Monument Creek -NF boundry [sic] to Fountain Creek |work=Watershed Assessment, Tracking & Environmental Results | publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency | accessdate=January 11, 2015 }}{{PD-notice}} 4 : Rivers of Colorado|Rivers of El Paso County, Colorado|Geography of Colorado Springs, Colorado|Tributaries of the Arkansas River |
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