| 词条 | 1972 New Zealand general election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election name = 1972 New Zealand general election | country = New Zealand | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1969 New Zealand general election | previous_year = 1969 | previous_members = 36th New Zealand Parliament | next_election = 1975 New Zealand general election | next_year = 1975 | next_members = 38th New Zealand Parliament | seats_for_election = All 87 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives 44 seats were needed for a majority | election_date = {{start date|1972|11|25|df=y}} | elected_mps = elected members | turnout = 1,340,168 (88.94%) | image1 = Norman Kirk Portrait.jpg | image1_size = 150x150px | leader1 = Norman Kirk | leader_since1 = 9 December 1965 | party1 = New Zealand Labour Party | leaders_seat1 = Sydenham | last_election1 = 39 seats, 44.2% | seats1 = 55 | seat_change1 = {{increase}} 16 | popular_vote1 = 677,669 | percentage1 = 48.4% | swing1 = {{increase}} 4.2% | image2 = Jack Marshall, 1957.jpg | image2_size = 150x150px | leader2 = Jack Marshall | leader_since2 = 7 February 1972 | party2 = New Zealand National Party | leaders_seat2 = Karori | last_election2 = 45 seats, 45.2% | seats2 = 32 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 13 | popular_vote2 = 581,422 | percentage2 = 41.5% | swing2 = {{decrease}} 3.7% | title = Prime Minister | before_election = Jack Marshall | after_election = Norman Kirk | before_party = New Zealand National Party | after_party = New Zealand Labour Party }} The New Zealand general election of 1972 was held on 25 November to elect MPs to the 37th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Labour Party, led by Norman Kirk, defeated the governing National Party. BackgroundThe National Party had been in office since the 1960 election, when it had defeated the ruling Labour Party, led by Walter Nash. The Second Labour Government was the shortest-lasting of all New Zealand governments to that day; in contrast, the Second National Government, led for the majority of its tenure by Keith Holyoake, would be re-elected three times. National's policies were focused around stability and a "steady as she goes" approach, but Holyoake's Government was increasingly perceived as tired and worn-out. In February 1972, Holyoake stood aside and was replaced by his deputy, Jack Marshall, who took steps to reinvigorate the party. Meanwhile, Norman Kirk had been at the helm of Labour since 1965. In this time, he had been modernising and updating the Labour Party, but narrowly lost the 1969 election. Kirk slimmed and dressed to improve his image, and visited several overseas Labour parties to broaden his knowledge. He activated a "spokesman" or shadow cabinet system to spread the responsibility, but it was difficult to avoid one composed largely of Auckland and Christchurch members. Despite the improvements, commentators speculated whether National would pull off another cliffhanger victory. Economic recession and voter fatigue had hurt National at the polls. Labour's slogan was "It's Time – Time for a change, time for Labour", which expertly captured the national mood. 1972 electoral redistributionSince the {{NZ election link|1969}}, the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, with continued faster population growth in the North Island leading to an increase in the number of general electorates. Including the four Māori electorates, there had been 80 electorates since the {{NZ election link|1902}}.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=67}} This increased to 84 electorates through the 1969 election.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=111}} The 1972 electoral redistribution saw three additional general seats created for the North Island, bringing the total number of electorates to 87.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=115}} Together with increased urbanisation in Christchurch and Nelson, the changes proved very disruptive to existing electorates. Only two South Island electorates were not altered by the redistribution ({{NZ electorate link|Clutha}} and {{NZ electorate link|Lyttelton}}).{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=116}} Only eight of the North Island electorates were not altered ({{NZ electorate link|Franklin}}, {{NZ electorate link|Gisborne}}, {{NZ electorate link|Hobson}}, {{NZ electorate link|Island Bay}}, {{NZ electorate link|Miramar}}, {{NZ electorate link|North Shore}}, {{NZ electorate link|Tamaki}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Wairarapa}}).{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=115}} In the South Island, three electorates were abolished ({{NZ electorate link|Buller}}, {{NZ electorate link|Westland}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Selwyn}}), and three electorates were newly created ({{NZ electorate link|Rakaia}}, {{NZ electorate link|Tasman}}, and {{NZ electorate link|West Coast}}).{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=112, 116}} In the North Island, five electorates were abolished ({{NZ electorate link|Hauraki}}, {{NZ electorate link|Marsden}}, {{NZ electorate link|Otaki}}, {{NZ electorate link|Waimarino}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Waitomo}}), two electorates were recreated ({{NZ electorate link|Coromandel}} and {{NZ electorate link|Otahuhu}}), and six electorates were newly created ({{NZ electorate link|East Coast Bays}}, {{NZ electorate link|Hamilton East}}, {{NZ electorate link|Kapiti}}, {{NZ electorate link|King Country}}, {{NZ electorate link|Ruahine}}, and {{NZ electorate link|Whangarei}}).{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=111, 115}} Election dayThe date for the 1972 elections was 25 November, a Saturday. 1,583,256 people were registered to vote. There was a turnout of 89.1%, slightly higher than the previous election and considerably higher than the following one. The number of electorates being contested was 87.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=115}} ResultsThe 1972 election saw the Labour Party defeat the governing National Party, winning 55 seats to National's 32. Labour was therefore able to form its first government since 1960, with Norman Kirk becoming Prime Minister. The second National government thus gave way to the third Labour government. No minor parties managed to gain seats, and no independents were elected. There were 1,583,256 electors on the roll, with 1,401,152 (88.50%) voting.
Votes summary{{bar box| title=Popular Vote | titlebar=#ddd | width=600px | barwidth=410px | bars={{bar percent|Labour|{{New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color}}|48.37}}{{bar percent|National|{{New Zealand National Party/meta/color}}|41.50}}{{bar percent|Social Credit|{{Social Credit Party (New Zealand)/meta/color}}|6.65}}{{bar percent|Values|{{Values Party/meta/color}}|1.96}}{{bar percent|New Democratic|{{New Democratic Party (New Zealand)/meta/color}}|0.63}}{{bar percent|Liberal Reform|#FDBB30|0.29}}{{bar percent|Independents|{{Independent politician/meta/color}}|0.61}} }}{{bar box | title=Parliament seats | titlebar=#ddd | width=600px | barwidth=410px | bars={{bar percent|Labour|{{New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color}}|63.22}}{{bar percent|National|{{New Zealand National Party/meta/color}}|36.78}} }}{{1972 New Zealand general election}} NotesReferences
1 : 1972 New Zealand general election |
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