| 词条 | Mount Ilgaz National Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Mount Ilgaz National Park | alt_name = Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı | iucn_category = II | photo = File:Ilgaz Dağı.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption = A view from Mount Ilgaz | photo_width = 275 | map = Turkey| map_alt = | map_caption = | map_width = |relief =yes | label_position = right | label= Mount Ilgaz NP | location = Kastamonu Province-Çankırı Province, Turkey | nearest_city = Kastamonu |||||| | coords = {{coord|41|04|24|N|33|48|25|E|scale:1000000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area = {{convert|742.38|ha|abbr=on}} | established = {{start date and age|1976|06|02}} | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Directorate-General of Nature Protection and National Parks Ministry of Environment and Forest | world_heritage_site = | url = }} The Mount Ilgaz National Park ({{lang-tr|Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı}}) is a protected area established on June 2, 1976 and located on the Ilgaz Mountains at the borderline between Kastamonu Province and Çankırı Province in the western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Natural resources and its potential for recreational activities are the main values of the national park, which stretches over an area of {{convert|742.38|ha|abbr=on}}.[1][2] GeologyThe terrain structure of the Mount Ilgaz region, which is on the transient zone from Central Anatolia to North Anatolia, is characterized in general by serpentinite, schist and volcanic rock. There are also interesting examples in the region regarding mountain formation. Turkey's longest and most active geological fracture, the North Anatolian Fault, runs through the southern foot of Mount Ilgaz.[3] The intire region features valleys, slopes and peaks of different characters. Additionally, it has geomorphological structure with a high-level landscape speciality.[1] GeographyThe national park is on the Ilgaz Mountains, a mountain range in the western Black Sea Region. The mountains are bordered in the north by Gökırmak River and in the south by Devrez Creek, forming the hydrographic boundary between the two river basins. The Gökırmak River originates in the northern slopes of the Ilgaz Mountains, and flows in the west–east direction joining Kızılırmak River as one of its main tributaries. Devrez Creek follows the North Anatolian Fault joining also Kızılırmak in the east.[2] The highest peaks in the range are Büyükhacettepe at {{convert|2587|m|ft|abbr=on}}, Küçükhacettepe at {{convert|2546|m|ft|abbr=on}}, Çeþtepe at {{convert|2394|m|ft|abbr=on}} and Karataş Hill at {{convert|2380|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The ridges of the Ilgaz Maountains stretch about {{convert|23|km|mi|abbr=on}} in the west–east direction.[2] ClimateAverage annual temperature at the national park is 9.8 °C. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of −0.8 °C, while the warmest month is July with 20 °C followed by August with 19.7 °C. According to the meteorological station in Kastamonu, average annual rainfall is {{convert|486|mm|in|abbr=on}}. In the lower parts of the national park as in the valley floors, rainfall is about {{convert|400|mm|in|abbr=on}} and at the mountain peaks, it is about {{convert|1200|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Precipitation is highest in spring and early summer. The north facing slopes of the higher regions receive relative more rainfall. Central Antolian climate causes snow over remains for about six months with snow thickness reaching about {{convert|1|m|ftin|abbr=on}} on slopes.[2] {{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Mount Ilgaz National Park|Jan mean C = -0.8 |Feb mean C = 0.7 |Mar mean C = 4.3 |Apr mean C = 9.5 |May mean C = 14.1 |Jun mean C = 17.4 |Jul mean C = 20.0 |Aug mean C = 19.7 |Sep mean C = 15.5 |Oct mean C = 10.6 |Nov mean C = 5.2 |Dec mean C = 1.2 |Jan precipitation mm = 30.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 27.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 34.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 50.8 |May precipitation mm = 74.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 67.3 |Jul precipitation mm = 31.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 28.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 30.2 |Oct precipitation mm = 39.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 32.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 38.9 |source 1= Values of Annual Mean Temperature and Precipitation Distribution by Months (1930– 2010)[2] |date= 28–29 June 2011 }} EcosystemThanks to the location of the national park in the transient region between Central Anatolia and Black Sea Region, the national park has a rich ecosystem of flora and fauna.[3][10]
Forests, covering 81.7% of the total area,[2] are the main vegetation group found in the national park's flora formation consisting of forest, underwood and alpine flora in general. The low altitude parts of the northern slopes are generally covered with Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), European black pine (Pinus nigra) and fir (Abies) forests. At the altitudes of {{convert|1000|-|1300|m|ft|abbr=on}}, hornbeam (Carpinus) and beech (Fagus') become dominant accompanied with some other firewood and deciduous plants. At higher elevations, at {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} and above, Turkish pine (Pinus brutia) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) establish pure or mixed forests. This zone is rich of endemic flora found in northern Turkey. The alpine zone beginning up from {{convert|2000|-|2200|m|ft|abbr=on}} is utmost rich consisting of rare and endemic vegetation formed by dwarf shrubs. On the summit of Küçükhacettepe and Büyükhacettepe, which is the highest peak,[4] numerous rare and endemic taxa are found.[1][10]
It is believed that some 30 mammals are found in and around the Ilgaz Mountains. Abundant and all-year-long running streams as well as rich vegetation enable well-matched conditions for the habitat of fauna such as deer (Cervidae), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), grey wolf (Canis lupus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), wildcat (Felis silvestris), lynx, European pine marten (Martes martes), beech marten (Martes foina), weasel, rabbit, squirrel, hedgehog, mole, bat, European badger (Meles meles) and European otter (Lutra lutra).[1][3] Studies showed the existence of 617 taxa in and around the national park.[5][6] RecreationMount Ilgaz National Park offers opportunities for diverse outdoor sports including hiking, camping and caravaning as well as daily activities. Angling at fishponds situated on Karasu stream in Baldıran Valley is possible between June 15 and September 15. Visitors can also buy trout throughout the year from fish hatcheries in the same area.[1][3] Another important feature of the national park is its potential for winter sports, which is performed at the site since the 1990s. The ski resort attracts visitors from Istanbul and Ankara.[7] The nearest ski resort to Ankara is situated in the national park, called "Ankara Konağı" ("Ankara Lodge"). The Ilgaz Ski Resort, established officially in 1997 containing the entire national park, has an {{convert|800|m|ft|adj=mid|-long|}} ski slope available, which is served by a chairlift and a surface lift, each {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} long.[1] AccessThe national park is situated on the state road {{TUR-D|765}} between Çankırı and Kastamonu, which runs from Ankara to Black Sea coast northwards. It is {{convert|450|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Istanbul and {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of Ankara, and {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Kastamonu,[3] where also an airport is available. The site is {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of the town Ilgaz on the Istanbul-Samsun highway {{TUR-D|100}} ({{European route E|80}}).[4][8] The main entrance to the national park is near the mountain pass at {{convert|1850|m|ft|abbr=on}}, which is the highest point of the highway {{TUR-D|765}}. Catering and lodgingTo meet the catering and lodging needs of the visitors, the national park consists of a holiday village, social facilities and a hotel, all situated within Kastamonu Province side of the province borderline. In addition, there are accommodation facilities belonging to various public institutions. Ilgaz Mountain Resort offers 118 suites having 446 beds.[4] The total lodging capacity at the national park is 666.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.kastamonukulturturizm.gov.tr/belge/1-66027/milli-parklar.html |publisher=Kastamonu Kültür Turizm |title=Milli Parklar-Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-07-20 }} {{National parks of Turkey}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |url=http://earsiv.kastamonu.edu.tr/jspui/bitstream/1/296/1/B2.%20Analysis%20of%20Terrain%20Usage%20in%20Kastamonu%20%E2%80%93Ilgaz%20Mountain.pdf |publisher=International Symposium on Environmental Protection and Planning: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Applications (ISEPP) 28–29 June 2011, Izmir-Turkey |title=Analysis of Terrain Usage in Kastamonu-Ilgaz Mountain Natural Park |author1=Aydınözü, Duran Aydinozu |author2=Ünal İbret, Miraç Aydın |lastauthoramp=yes |accessdate=2013-07-20 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,36311/kastamonu---ilgaz-mountain-national-park.html |publisher=Ministry of Culture and Tourism |title=Kastamonu – Ilgaz Mountain National Park |accessdate=2013-07-20 }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://www.dunya.com/ilgaz-national-park-offers-winter-resort-facilities-184440h.htm |newspaper=Dünya |title=Ilgaz National Park offers winter resort facilities |author=Demirsar, Metin |date=2013-03-11|accessdate=2013-07-20 }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/mp/ilgazdagi/sayfa1.htm |publisher=Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı-Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü |title=Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı-Kaynak Değerleri |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-07-20 }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/mp/ilgazdagi/sayfa4.htm |publisher=Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı-Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü |title=Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı-Fauna |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-07-20 }} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/mp/ilgazdagi/sayfa0.htm |publisher=Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı-Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü |title=Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı-Alandaki rekreasyonel Kullanımlar |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-07-20 }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/mp/ilgazdagi/harita.htm |publisher=Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı-Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü |title=Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı-Ulaşım Durumu |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-07-19 }} 8 : National parks of Turkey|Protected areas established in 1976|1976 establishments in Turkey|Geography of Kastamonu Province|Geography of Çankırı Province|Tourist attractions in Kastamonu Province|Tourist attractions in Çankırı Province|Ski areas and resorts in Turkey |
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