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词条 Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom
释义

  1. History

  2. Member parties

  3. Other related parties

  4. Former member parties

  5. Structure

     President  Members of the Bureau  Treasurer 

  6. References

{{Infobox political party
| colorcode = #2B3856
| name = Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom
| logo =
| president = Jean-François Jalkh[1]
| foundation = {{start date|df=yes|2014}}
| headquarters =
| ideology = National conservatism
Nationalism[2]
Economic nationalism
Right-wing populism[2]
Souverainism
Hard Euroscepticism
Anti-immigration
| position = Right-wing to far-right
| europarl = Europe of Nations and Freedom
| think_tank = Foundation for a Europe of Nations and Freedom
| seats1_title = European Parliament
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|28|751|#2B3856}}
| seats2_title = European Lower Houses
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|67|9874|#2B3856}}
| seats3_title = European Upper Houses
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|29|2714|#2B3856}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.menleuropa.eu}}
}}

The Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom ({{lang-fr|Mouvement pour l’Europe des nations et des libertés}}), abbreviated to MENL or MENF, is an alliance of European political parties founded in 2014. Its political group in the European Parliament is Europe of Nations and Freedom.

History

In the aftermath of the European Parliament election, 2014, parties affiliated with the European Alliance for Freedom unsuccessfully attempted to form a political group in the European Parliament.[3][4][5]

Later in 2014, they decided to create a new European-level structure, which became the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom. The Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV) chose not to participate in this pan-European party, as it declined to be funded by the European Union.[6] The Polish Congress of the New Right (KNP), initially claimed that it would be part of the new alliance, but was accused in a press release by the French National Rally of spreading false claims in the Polish and Austrian media.[7] Ultimately the KNP took part in the creation of the party's new parliamentary group as its former controversial leader Janusz Korwin-Mikke was evicted from the party to be replaced by Michal Marusik.

It was recognised by the European Parliament (EP) in 2015. Its maximum grant by the EP for this year is €1,170,746[8] plus €621,677 for its affiliated political foundation, the Fondation pour une Europe des Nations et des Libertés.[9]

On 16 June 2015, the Europe of Nations and Freedom parliamentary group was created in the European Parliament with members of the MENL (RN, FPÖ, LN, VB) as well as the PVV, Poland's KNP and a former member of UKIP, Janice Atkinson.

The 1st congress of the movement was held on 28 June 2015 in Perpignan, France gathering some MEPs from the National Rally as well as a few of its local & national representatives members; the objective of this meeting was mainly about making the 1st year of action of the National Rally's MEPs in review.[10]

On 15 September 2015, the Flemish Vlaams Belang (VB) and the movement organised a colloquium dealing with sovereignty which took place in the Flemish Parliament with VB's leader Tom Van Grieken, MEP Gerolf Annemans, VB's member Barbara Pas and National Rally's leader Marine Le Pen.[11] All of the Flemish parties approved Marine Le Pen's visit at the Flemish Parliament although the speaker of the Flemish Parliament Jan Peumans (N-VA) decided not to be part of this colloquium.[12]

On 24 October 2015, MENL's leader and vice-president of the National Rally Louis Aliot met the current president of Brothers of Italy, Giorgia Meloni in Trieste for a conference on immigration.[13]

Marine Le Pen praised SVP's victory during the 2015 Swiss election although the Swiss party does not have official links with the movement.[14] The movement also launched an anti-immigration campaign in 2015 just like the SVP's campaign during Swiss referendum on immigration in 2014.

On 21 November 2015, MENL's think thank "Foundation for a Europe of Nations and Freedom" organised a colloquium ("L'euro, un échec inéluctable?") dealing with Euro and how it might be an inescapable failure. Jacques Sapir took part in this colloqium among others. The FENF, chaired by Gerolf Annemans, organised another colloquim on 2 April 2016 in Paris dealing with union representation and the development of professional organisations in France.[15]

The third colloquium of the movement took place on 4 March 2016 in the Flemish Parliament with VB's leader Tom Van Grieken and PVV's leader Geert Wilders. This colloquim entitled "Freedom" ("Vrijheid") dealt with liberties in Europe and how they would be threatened by immigration from "countries with cultures which are fundamentally different [from the European one]".[16]

The movement's member parties and allies met in July 2016 in Vienna, an event hosted by Austria's FPÖ. The French National Rally, Matteo Salvini's Northern League, the AfD, Belgium's Vlaams Belang, the Dutch Party for Freedom were present among other independent politicians and smaller European parties.[17]

According to Politico, the movement owed in 2016 the European Parliament €535,818. The reasons given by Politico were the forbidden use of European grants by the MENL party to finance national political parties and referendum campaigns.[18] The party strongly denied these allegations by saying that they just had to give the unused EU funds back to the European Parliament.[19]

in February 2019, the party We Are Family (Slovakia) joined the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom party.

Member parties

The following national delegations are part of MENL:[20][21]

Country Party MEPs National MPs
Austria}} Freedom Party of Austria4|18|#2B3856}}51|183|#2B3856}}
Belgium}} Vlaams Belang[22]1|21|#2B3856}}3|150|#2B3856}}
Bulgaria}} Volya0|17|#2B3856}}12|240|#2B3856}}
Czech Republic}} Freedom and Direct Democracy0|21|#2B3856}}22|200|#2B3856}}
France}} National Rally15|74|#2B3856}}6|577|#2B3856}}
Greece}} New Right0|21|#2B3856}}0|300|#2B3856}}
Italy}} Lega Nord6|73|#2B3856}}125|630|#2B3856}}
Malta}} Moviment Patrijotti Maltin (observer)0|6|#2B3856}}0|67|#2B3856}}
Poland}} Congress of the New Right2|51|#2B3856}}0|460|#2B3856}}
Slovakia}} We Are Family0|13|#2B3856}}11|150|#2B3856}}

Other related parties

The Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV), the Polish Congress of the New Right (KNP) and the German Alternative for Germany (AfD), despite not being members of MENL, participate in its political group in the European Parliament, ENL.[23]

MENL leaders also have public political relations of some kind with Brothers of Italy (FdI, Italy)[24] and Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD, Czech Republic).[25] The latter is now a full member of the pan-European party.

In February 2016, FPÖ's leader Heinz-Christian Strache was invited by the anti-Euro & anti-immigration party AfD and its leader Frauke Petry to their congress in Düsseldorf and the AfD also announced a cooperation pact with the FPÖ.[26][27] In April 2016, AfD's vice-president Alexander Gauland also proposed an alliance with Marine Le Pen's National Rally.[28] Therefore, AfD's MEP Marcus Pretzell joined the Europe of Nations and Freedom group on 30 April 2016.

In February 2017, French MEP Edouard Ferrand met with VOX's leaders during a meeting of the Spanish right-wing party.[29] Back in 2016, VOX's president Santiago Abascal had already met with one of the National Rally's leaders, Louis Aliot, also one of MENL's MEP in the European Parliament.[30]

Former member parties

Among members of MENL's predecessor European Alliance for Freedom (EAF), the following parties did not join MENL:

  • Citizens in Rage, {{flagicon|Germany}} Germany
  • Order and Justice, {{flagicon|Lithuania}} Lithuania (joined ADDE instead)
  • Sweden Democrats, {{flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden (joined ADDE instead)

Structure

President

  • Louis Aliot {{flagicon|France}} MEP (RN, France)

Members of the Bureau

  • Marine Le Pen {{flagicon|France}} MEP (RN, France)
  • Lorenzo Fontana {{flagicon|Italy}} MEP (LN, Italy)
  • Nicolas Bay {{flagicon|France}} MEP (RN, France)
  • Gerolf Annemans {{flagicon|Belgium}} MEP (VB, Belgium)

Treasurer

  • Harald Vilimsky {{flagicon|Austria}} MEP (FPÖ, Austria)

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.menleuropa.eu/members-2/|title=Board Members|accessdate=3 July 2017}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html|title=European Union|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2015|access-date=2018-09-22|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608032858/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html|archivedate=2017-06-08}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4102623.ece |title=Le Pen party steals Farage’s Italian allies |publisher=The Times |date=2014-05-29 |accessdate=2015-11-04}}
4. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/24/marine-le-pen-fails-form-far-right-bloc-european-parliament |title=Marine Le Pen fails to form far-right bloc in European parliament | World news |publisher=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2015-11-04}}
5. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/le-pens-far-right-eu-parliament-alliance-fails-start-1453971 |title=Le Pen's Far-Right EU Parliament Alliance Fails at Start |publisher=Ibtimes.co.uk |date=2014-06-24 |accessdate=2015-11-04}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/cas-mudde/eaf-is-dead-long-live-menl|title=The EAF is dead! Long live the MENL!|author=Cas Mudde|work=openDemocracy|accessdate=29 December 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/2014/10/communique-daymeric-chauprade-chef-de-delegation-du-front-national-au-parlement-europeen/|title=Communiqué d’Aymeric Chauprade, chef de Délégation du Front National au Parlement européen|work=Front National|accessdate=29 December 2014}}
8. ^"Grants from the European Parliament to political parties at European level 2004-2015", March 2015, Europarl.europa.eu, retrieved 27 April 2015
9. ^"Grants from the European Parliament to political foundations at European level 2008-2015", March 2015, Europarl.europa.eu/, retrieved 27 April 2015
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lindependant.fr/2015/06/27/a-perpignan-le-front-national-accuse-l-europe-et-le-pouvoir,2050944.php|title=À Perpignan, le Front national accuse l’Europe et le pouvoir (notre interview video de Marine Le Pen)|date=27 June 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.grenzenstellen.eu/ |title=Colloquium Soevereiniteit: Grenzen Stellen |website=Grenzenstellen.eu |date= |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
12. ^{{cite web|author=Frédéric Chardon |url=http://www.lalibre.be/actu/politique-belge/tous-les-partis-flamands-ont-approuve-la-venue-de-marine-le-pen-55f832ff3570b0f19ea60dbd#.VfhVlpB_xFZ.twitter |title=Tous les partis flamands ont approuvé la venue de Marine Le Pen |website=La Libre.be |date=2015-09-15 |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fratelli-italia.it/2015/10/20/immigrazione-sabato-24-ottobre-confronto-a-trieste-tra-giorgia-meloni-e-il-vicepresidente-del-front-national-louis-aliot/ |title=Fratelli d'Italia – Alleanza Nazionale | Immigrazione, sabato 24 ottobre confronto a Trieste tra Giorgia Meloni e il vicepresidente del Front National, Louis Aliot |website=Fratelli-italia.it |date=2015-10-20 |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.letemps.ch/suisse/2015/10/19/victoire-udc-beaucoup-francais-enthousiastes |title=Victoire de l'UDC: beaucoup de Français enthousiastes - Le Temps |language=fr|website=Letemps.ch |date= |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fenl.eu/contact/ |title=Foundation for a Europe of Nations and Freedom - Contact |website=Fenl.eu |date= |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://colloquiumvrijheid.eu/ |title=Colloquium Vrijheid |website=Colloquiumvrijheid.eu |date= |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/europes-right-wing-parties-meet-near-vienna-urge-brexit/a-19339474 |title=Europe's right-wing parties meet near Vienna, urge Brexit |publisher=DW.COM |date=2016-06-17 |accessdate=2017-03-17}}
18. ^{{cite web|last=Posaner |first=Joshua |url=http://www.politico.eu/article/national-front-marine-le-pen-far-right-groups-ordered-to-pay-european-parliament-e800000/ |title=Far-right groups ordered to pay European Parliament €800,000 |publisher=Politico.eu |date=2016-09-03 |accessdate=2017-03-17}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.menleuropa.eu/2016/09/15/response-to-the-shameless-lies-of-the-website-politico/ |title=Response to the shameless lies of the website Politico |publisher=Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom |date=2016-09-15 |accessdate=2017-03-17}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.menleuropa.eu/national-delegation/|title=National delegation|publisher=MENL|accessdate=2015-08-06}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fetedesnations.eu/|title=Fête des Nations du MENL|publisher=MENL|accessdate=2018-04-18}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eurallfree.org/?q=node/1574 |title=Press Conference: Aftermath of the elections, a future for the EU or a future for Europe? |publisher=European Alliance for Freedom |date=28 May 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/search.html?politicalGroup=4907 |title=European Parliament : MEPs |website=Europarl.europa.eu |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.europaquotidiano.it/2014/04/02/destra-marine-le-pen-incontra-giorgia-meloni-e-gianni-alemanno/ |title=Destra, Marine Le Pen incontra Giorgia Meloni e Gianni Alemanno (video) | Europa Quotidiano |website=Europaquotidiano.it |date=2003-07-28 |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parlamentnilisty.cz/arena/monitor/Tomio-Okamura-svolal-vsechny-sve-lidi-a-bylo-rusno-Nepratelsti-vetrelci-Pokus-o-vrazdu-Delegace-od-Marine-Le-Pen-i-provolani-k-Zemanovi-412586 |title=Tomio Okamura svolal všechny své lidi a bylo rušno: Nepřátelští vetřelci! Pokus o vraždu. Delegace od Marine Le Pen i provolání k Zemanovi | ParlamentniListy.cz – politika ze všech stran |website=Parlamentnilisty.cz |date= |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
26. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://derstandard.at/2000031396307/Deutsche-AfD-und-FPOe-beschliessen-Zusammenarbeit |title=Deutsche AfD und FPÖ beschließen Zusammenarbeit - FPÖ - derStandard.at › Inland |website=Derstandard.at |date= |accessdate=2016-04-22}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.derwesten.de/politik/afd-und-fpoe-proben-in-duesseldorf-den-schulterschluss-id11563330.html |title=AfD und FPÖ probten in Düsseldorf den Schulterschluss | WAZ.de |language=de|website=Derwesten.de |date=2016-02-14 |accessdate=2016-04-03}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/afd-vize-alexander-gauland-erwaegt-offenbar-fraktion-mit-front-national-a-1086442.html |title=AfD-Vize Alexander Gauland erwägt offenbar Fraktion mit Front National - SPIEGEL ONLINE |website=Spiegel.de |date=2016-04-10 |accessdate=2016-04-22}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.voxespana.es/castellon/edouard-ferrand-del-frente-nacional-frances-amigos-de-vox-no-estais-solos-somos-capaces-hoy-por-hoy-de-proponer-un-proyecto-europeo-alternativo-al-actual |title=Edouard Ferrand, del Frente Nacional francés: "Amigos de VOX, no estáis solos. Somos capaces hoy por hoy de proponer un proyecto europeo alternativo al actual" |publisher=VOX Partido Político Castellón |date=2017-02-25 |accessdate=2017-03-17}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2016-11-11/partido-politico-vox-santiago-abascal-reunion-louis-aliot-frente-nacional-marine-le-pen_1288574/ |title=Vox busca la fórmula del éxito de Le Pen con el Frente Nacional. Noticias de España |publisher=Elconfidencial.com |date=2017-01-15 |accessdate=2017-03-17}}
{{Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom}}{{Political organisations at European Union level}}

6 : 2014 establishments in the European Union|Eurosceptic parties|Pan-European political parties|Right-wing politics in Europe|Right-wing populism in Europe|Far-right politics in Europe
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