| 词条 | MPL-50 |
| 释义 |
The MPL-50 ({{lang-ru|МПЛ-50, малая пехотная лопата-50}}, malaya pekhotnaya lopata-50, small infantry spade-50) is a small spade ({{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} length), which was invented by the Danish officer Mads Johan Buch Linnemann in 1869 and used by rank and file military personnel in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and its successor states since late 19th century. While nominally an entrenching tool, MPL-50 saw a wide range of wartime applications ranging from a close quarters combat weapon to a cooking utensil. HistoryThe MPL-50 was invented in 1869 by the Danish officer Mads Johan Buch Linnemann. In 1870 it was patented and supplied to the Danish Army. The next year it was adopted by the much bigger Austrian Army, and Linnemann founded a factory in Vienna to produce his spade. It was later introduced to Germany, France, Romania and Russia, though only Russia recognized Linnemann's patent rights, and paid him 30,000 rubles and ordered 60,000 spades.[1] The MPL-50 remained almost unchanged through its history in Russia and the Soviet Union; attempts to introduce a folded-handle design not being approved.[3] DesignThe MPL-50 has a total length of {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}}; the steel blade is {{convert|15|cm|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|18|cm|abbr=on}} long. It is sharpened on its working edge and often on one side, for use as an axe. The wooden handle is not painted, but polished with sandpaper and fire singed to create a smooth surface that does not slide in the hand.[2] The blade carries the manufacturer's seal, which indicates the production year and distinguishes original products from primitive forgeries.[1] UseThe main purpose of MPL-50 is entrenching, which is carried out at a rate of 0.1–0.5 m3/hour depending on the soil type and physical condition of the soldier.[2] The spade can also be used as an axe, and one side of its blade is sharpened for this purpose, or as a hammer, with the flat of the blade as the working surface. It can serve as an oar for paddling on improvised rafts, as a frying pan for cooking food,[3] and as a measuring device, as its length and width are standardized.[4] Soviet Spetsnaz units had advanced training with the MPL-50, which they mostly used not for entrenching, but for close quarters combat. The spade is well balanced, which allows it to be used as a throwing weapon.[4] References1. ^Nieuwenhuis, Peder (1887–1905) "Johan Linnemann", in C.F. Bricka (ed.) Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, Copenhagen: Gyldendal. 2. ^1 2 Veremeyev, Yu. Шанцевый инструмент. army.armor.kiev.ua 3. ^1 2 Советская саперная лопата. militarka.com.ua. 8 July 2014 4. ^1 Suvorov, Viktor (1987) "Spades and Men" in Spetsnaz. The Story Behind the Soviet SAS. Hamish Hamilton Ltd. {{ISBN|0241119618}}. 2 : Military equipment of Russia|Mechanical hand tools |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。