| 词条 | Mubashir Hassan |
| 释义 |
| name = | office = Minister of Finance, Planning & Development | mainwidth = | preceded = Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash | president = Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (1971-1973) Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry | primeminister = Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto | succeeding = | successor = Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan | termend = 22 October 1974 | termstart = 24 December 1971 | office1 = Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of Pakistan | predecessor1 = Abdul Salam | president1 = Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry | primeminister1 = Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto | successor1 = Zahid Ali Akbar Khan | termend1 = 5 July 1977 | termstart1 = 22 October 1974 | termstart2 = | birth_date = 22 January 1922 (age 96) | birth_place = Panipat, East Punjab, British India (present day Haryana, India) | nationality = British India (1922-1947) Pakistani (1947-present) | alma_mater = Punjab University Columbia University Iowa University | occupation = Civil engineer politician }} Mubashir Hassan ({{lang-ur|{{nq|مبشر حسن}}}}; 22 January 1922) is a Pakistani socialist, civil engineer and former Finance Minister of Pakistan. In 1967, Hassan co-founded the Pakistan Peoples Party, a democratic socialist political force, with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and J.A. Rahim.[1] In 1972, Hassan helped Bhutto establish the Ministry of Science, where he financially assisted large number of Pakistan's academic scientists in the application of Science in warfare.[2] During the 1970s, Hassan emerged as effective public policy maker and was in effect as third Prime minister's science adviser,[2] and was seen as a strong vocal and proponent of democratic technocracy and of the centrality of technological innovation and entrepreneurship for both economic and geopolitical security.[1] However, after removal of Prime minister Bhutto, Hassan became troubled, and was successfully silenced by the military government of General Zia-ul-Haq.[1] BiographyBorn in Panipat, Punjab, Hassan attended the Punjab University in 1947 prior to establishment of Pakistan, gaining BSc in civil engineering.[2] In the 1950s, Hassan travelled to United States where he gained MSc in civil engineering from Iowa State University, and finally gaining doctorate in civil engineering after submitting his doctoral thesis on fundamental problems and their solution on Hydraulic engineering.[2] After returning to West-Pakistan, Hassan joined the University of Engineering and Technology at Lahore teaching courses on civil engineering which remained his lifelong passion. His political philosophy began to take place in 1967, after witnessing the 1965 war with India. In 1967, Hassan published the political manifesto, "A Declaration of Unity of People", advocating for Techno- Democratic socialism in East-Pakistan, during which he was lecturing in the topic of Engineering physics at the Dhaka University. Political activismAfter gaining appreciation and popularity, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto called Hassan to West-Pakistan where at his house, the Pakistan Peoples Party was founded along with J.A. Rahim.[2][3][4] His wide knowledge in ranging from science and politics, Hassan became one of the closest confidant and adviser of Bhutto, and acted on behalf of Bhutto in 1970 to form a coalition government with Mujibur Rahman of Peoples League.[5] After the 1971 Winter war, Hassan was appointed Finance Minister and helped Bhutto established the Ministry of Science in 1972.[2] Atomic bomb projectHis political role in atomic bomb project started in 1972, when Bhutto asked him to meet with Munir Ahmad Khan of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} Bhutto responded by abolishing several committees dealing with atomic energy in various ministries, and ordered Finance Minister Hassan to manage the finance of the atomic bomb project.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}Meanwhile, Hassan reportedly worked closely with Munir Ahmad Khan on technical and economical aspects of the atomic bomb project.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} He remained supportive and administrative figure in Pakistan's non-nuclear proliferation, and monitored Abdul Qadeer Khan's suspicious activities throughout the 1976.[5] However, he was soon pulled out after being warned by Bhutto, therefore, Hassan focused his attention on PAEC's efforts.[5] In 1974, he developed serious issues with Bhutto after Bhutto deposed Malik Meraj Khalid, a Marxist and Law Minister when Bhutto decided to expand the activities of the establishment in the government to keep an eye on Bhutto rivals.[6] In 1974, Hassan resigned from Finance Ministry after learning this incident, but remained loyal with Bhutto.[6] In 1974, Bhutto finally appointed Hassan as his Science Advisor to the Prime minister Secretariat in 1974.[6] As Director of Directorate for Science, Hassan played a significant role in the establishment of Kahuta Project, advising Bhutto on various aspects of atomic bomb project.[7] He objected the idea of giving the Kahuta Project's responsibilities to Corps of Engineers, but was over-ruled by Bhutto.[7] However, the progress on atomic bomb project was slowed down after an intensified civil disorder began to take place, shrinking the credibility of Bhutto.[7] Throughout 1976, Hassan made several unsuccessful attempts to bring the leadership of Pakistan National Alliance on table and was finally arrested by Military Police in 1977.[7] Hassan was placed in Adiala Jail with Bhutto where he spent his next seven years in prison even after Bhutto's execution.[7] Post war activitiesReleased in 1984, Hassan joined the UET Lahore's Faculty of Engineering as professor of civil engineering.[2] In 1988, Prime minister Benazir Bhutto made an attempt to appoint him as Finance Minister but denied after Benazir had planned deregulation of industries.[2] Although, Hassan had retired from any political activism, Hassan continued to write articles in hydraulics engineering and its extended mathematical problems.[2] Hassan also writes about the economic issues and remains a loyal supporter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and his policies.[8] His articles are regularly published in The News International, though he is associated with the Pakistan Peoples Party (Murtaza Bhutto) since its inception.[9] In 2011, Hassan visited his native city in India, where Hassan advocate for normalisation of Indo-Pakistan relations, and maintained that: {{quote|text=Since 1974, Pakistan had enormously helped the people of Afghanistan in expelling the Soviet Union.... Judging by present situation, if the [United States]-[Afghanistan] axis were to invade Pakistan, India would stand by Pakistan and not with the invaders|sign=Hassan Mubasir|source=[9]}}PublicationsBooks and bibliography
References1. ^{{cite web|last=Hassan|first=Professor Dr. Mubashir|title=On the general education of an engineer|work=Dr. Mubashir Hassan|publisher=Dr. Mubashir Hassan, UET Journal of Engineering Government|accessdate=19 December 2011}} {{s-start}}{{s-gov}}{{s-bef | before =Abdus Salam}}{{s-ttl | title = Science Advisor to the Prime minister Secretariat | years = 22 October 1974 – 5 July 1977}}{{s-aft | after =MGen Zahid A. Akbar}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | author2 = | title =Dr. Mubashir Hassan | work = | publisher =Chowk.com | date = | url =http://www.chowk.com/pavocavalry/iLogs/life/DR-Mubashir-Hassan | format = | doi = | accessdate = }} 3. ^{{Cite web | last =Pakistan Herald | first = | authorlink = | author2 = | title =Intellectual: Dr. Mubashir Hassan | work = | publisher =Pakistan Herald | date = | url = http://pakistanherald.com/Profile/Dr-Mubashir-Hassan-1067 | format = | doi = | accessdate = }} 4. ^{{Cite web| title =Delegation visits with Dr. Mubashir Hasan| url =http://vcnv.org/gallery2/main.php/v/pakistan-+delegation/Dan+Pearson/pakistan-delegation/Dr_+Mubashir+Hasan.jpg.html| accessdate = }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Zia Mian|first=Smitu Kothari|title=Out of the Nuclear Shadow§ Condemning the Nuclear war|publisher=Lokyan and Rainbow Publishing Limited|location=New Delhi; Islamabad|isbn=8186962263|pages=416–490|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSSNtPs521cC&pg=PA418 }} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Bhutto|first=Fatima|title=Songs of Blood and Sword: A Daughter's Memoir|year=2010|publisher=National Books (United States)|location=Washington D.C. United States|isbn=978-1-56858-632-8|pages=116–130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjo3xkGSV6cC&pg=PA120&lpg=PA120&dq=dr+mubashir+hasan+finance+minister&source=bl&ots=wYKTHX62bX&sig=eV8JYSJiVSfNCOlCrF299XBSH3E&hl=en&sa=X&ei=K5fuTu2_PJPZiQKCzrGLBA&ved=0CBwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=dr%20mubashir%20hasan%20finance%20minister&f=false}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last=Rahman|first=Shahidur|title=Long Road to Chagai: §A Man hurry for the Bomb|year=1999|publisher=Printwise Publications|location=Islamabad|isbn=969-8500-00-6|pages=157|url=http://openlibrary.org/books/OL155472M/Long_road_to_Chagai}} 8. ^{{cite web|last=Articles written by dr. Hassan Muabshir|title=Reducing the trust deficit|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintWriterName.aspx?URL=Dr%20Mubashir%20Hasan|publisher=The News International|accessdate=19 December 2011}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|last=Our Correspondent|title='True advocate of PPP ideology'|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintWriterName.aspx?URL=Dr%20Mubashir%20Hasan|accessdate=19 December 2011|newspaper=The News International, Islamabad|date=24 October 2011}} |-{{s-bef | before = Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash}}{{s-ttl | title = Finance Minister of Pakistan | years = 24 December 1971 – 22 October 1974}}{{s-aft | after = RM Hanif Khan}}{{s-end}}{{military of Pakistan}}{{Government of Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassan, Mubashir}} 18 : 1922 births|Living people|Pakistani civil engineers|University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore faculty|Pakistan Peoples Party politicians|Project-706 people|Government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|Finance Ministers of Pakistan|Pakistani academics|Pakistani educators|Pakistani socialists|Technocracy movement|Iowa State University alumni|University of the Punjab alumni|Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni|People from Panipat|Pakistani people of Haryanvi descent|Pakistani dissidents |
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