“Mufian language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Mufian language

释义

Noun classes
Sound System
External links
References

{{Infobox language
|name=Mufian
|nativename=Southern Arapesh
|states=Papua New Guinea
|region=East Sepik Province
|speakers=11,000
|date=1998
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=Torricelli
|fam2=Arapesh
|iso3=aoj
|glotto=mufi1238
|glottorefname=Mufian
}}Mufian (Muhian, Muhiang), or Southern Arapesh, is an Arapesh language (Torricelli) of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Supari, Balif, Filifita (Ilahita), Iwam-Nagalemb, Nagipaem; Filifita speakers are half the population, at 6,000 in 1999.

Noun classes

There are 17 classes for count nouns in Mufian, plus two extra classes, i.e. proper names and place names. Noun classes are expressed in noun suffixes, adjective suffixes, and verb prefixes.

Some examples of Mufian noun classes:

Class	Example	Sg. Noun Suffix	Sg. Adjective Suffix	Sg. Verb Prefix	Pl. Noun Suffix	Pl. Adjective Suffix	Pl. Verb Prefix
Class 1	bol (sg.), bongof (pl.), pig	-l	-li	l-	-ngof	-ngufi	f-
Class 2	éngel (sg.), angof (pl.), name	-ngél	-ngili	g-	-ngof	-ngufi	f-
Class 3	nalof (sg.), nalelef (pl,), tooth	-f	-fi	f-	-lef	-lefi	f-
Class 4	lowaf (sg.), lu'ongof (pl.), clothes	-f	-fi	f-	-nguf	-fi	f-
Class 5	batéwin (sg.), batéwis (pl.), child	-n	-ni	n-	-s	-si	s-
Class 6	alupini (sg.), alupisi (pl.), friend	-ni	-ni	n-	-si	-si	s-
Class 7	nombat (sg.), nombangw (pl.), dog	-t, -ta	-tei	t-	-ngw	-ngwi	gw-
Class 8	nemata'w (sg.), nematawa (pl.), woman	-'w	-kwi	kw-	-wa	-wei	w-
Class 9	nam (sg.), naep (pl), eye	-m	-mi	m-	-p	-pi	p-
Class 10	lawang (sg.), lawah (pl.), tree	-g, -ga	-gwei	g-	-h	-ngéhi	h-
Class 11	bemb (sg.), bembeh (pl.), betel nut	-b	-mbi	b-	-h	-mbihi	h-
Class 12	nongwatop (sg.), nongwatoh (pl.), knife	-p	-pi	p-	-h	-hi	h-
Class 13	wambel (sg.), walemb (pl.), village	-mbel	-mbili	b-	-lemb	-lembi	b-
Class 14	mai'una (sg.), ma'unamb (pl.), pigeon	-a	-ni	n-	-amb	-mbi	b-
Class 15	usin (sg.), usimb (pl.), crested pigeon	-n	-ni	n-	-b	-mbi	b-
Class 16	aman (sg.), amam (pl.), man	-n	-nei	n-	-m	-mi	m-
Class 17	kos (sg.), kos (pl.), course	-s	-si	s-	-s	-si	s-

There are a few irregularities in these noun classes.^[1]

Sound System

Consonant Phonemes of Mufian^[2]
	Labial	Alveolar	Velar		Glottal
	Labial	Alveolar	labialized	plain	labialized	plain
Nasal	m}}	n}}
Stop	p}} {{IPA\|b}}	t}} {{IPA\|d}}	kʷ}} {{IPA\|ɡʷ}}	k}} {{IPA\|ɡ}}	ʔʷ}}	ʔ}}
Fricative	f}}	s}}	h}}
Approximant	w}}	l}}

Vowel Phonemes of Mufian
Front	Central	Back
High	{{IPA\|i}}		{{IPA\|u}}
Mid	{{IPA\|e}}	{{IPA\|ə}}	{{IPA\|o}}
Low	{{IPA\|æ}}	{{IPA\|a}}

External links

Paradisec has a collection of materials with Don Laycock (DL1) that includes Mufian materials

References

1. ^ "Some Muhiang Grammatical Notes" by J. Alungum, R. J. Conrad, and J. Lukas
2. ^ "Mufian Organised Phonology Data" by R. J. Conrad

3 : Torricelli languages|Languages of Papua New Guinea|Languages of East Sepik Province

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