| 词条 | Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh |
| 释义 |
| name = Zuttiyeh Cave | native_name = Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh | native_name_lang = Hebrew | alternate_name = Cave of the Robbers | image = File:Zuttiyeh.jpg | image_size = 250px | alt = | caption = Entrance to Zuttiyeh Cave, Galilee | map = {{location map|Israel northeast |lat_deg=32.85 |lon_deg=35.52 |border=infobox|label=|position=top |caption = |float = center }} | map_type = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_size = 250px | relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|32.855797|N|35.527210|E|display=inline,title}} | map_dot_label = | location = | region = Upper Galilee, Israel | type = limestone cave | part_of = | length = | width = | area = | volume = | diameter = | circumference = | height = | builder = | material = | built = | abandoned = | epochs = | cultures = Acheulo-Yabrudian complex | dependency_of = | occupants = Homo heidelbergensis | event = | excavations = | archaeologists = Francis Turville-Petre | condition = | ownership = | management = | public_access = | other_designation = | website = | notes = }}Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh ("Cave of the Robbers")[1] is a prehistoric archaeological site in Upper Galilee, Israel.[2] It is situated {{convert|800|m|ft|abbr=on}} from the Nahal Amud outlet, approximately {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} above the wadi bed ({{convert|148|m|ft|abbr=on}} below sea level). It was found to house a fossil today known as the "Galilee skull" and "Galilee Man".[3] Discovered in 1925, the skull was the first fossilised archaic human found in Western Asia.[4] Together with the remains found at Es Skhul and the Wadi el-Mughara Caves, this find was classified in 1939 by Arthur Keith and {{Interlanguage link multi|Theodore D. McCown|de|vertical-align=sup}} as Palaeoanthropus palestinensis.[5] Today its taxonomy is that of Homo heidelbergensis.[6][7] CaveZuttiyeh cave is at the opening of a limestone ravine where Nahal Amud turns eastward, {{convert|250|m|ft|abbr=on}} above a smaller cave known as Mugharet el-Emireh (Cave of the Princess).[8] Galilee skullThe cave was excavated from 1925 to 1926 by Francis Turville-Petre.[6] It was the first paleontological excavation in the region.[9] Turville-Petre discovered a skull, referred to as the Galilee Skull, that was initially described as the second Neanderthal-like specimen. It was originally attributed to a Mousterian stratum and is now thought to be from an earlier Acheulo-Yabrudian complex. Later studies showed that the face was relatively flat, with no evidence of Neanderthal-like facial prognathism.[6] The frontal bone and part of the upper face were found in the Mugharan level, which leads to an estimate of the age of the fossil to range from 200 to 500 kya. [10] Similarities with Zhoukoudian remains suggest a possible ancestral relationship.[11] The Galilee skull, along with many of Turville-Petre's findings, is housed in the Rockefeller Museum in East Jerusalem.[3][4] A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum.[12] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://pages.nycep.org/ed/download/pdf/NMG%2043.pdf |title=A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the frontal and zygomatic bone of the Zuttiyeh fossil from Israel |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2013-04-25}} 2. ^{{cite web|author=Human Evolution |url=https://www.academia.edu/12666384/The_Zuttiyeh_specimen_from_Israel_Galilee_Skull |title=The Zuttiyeh specimen from Israel, Galilee Skull |publisher=Pfpuech.newsvine.com |date=2011-12-17 |accessdate=2013-04-25}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|url={{Google books |id=4Z0YrPfeHa8C |page=50 |plainurl=yes }} |title=Through the Ages in Palestinian Archaeology: An Introductory Handbook|page=50|first=Walter E.|last=Rast|year=1992|isbn=9781563380556|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|postscript=.{{nbsp}}"Galilee man" (lowercase "m") in this source is a typo – ref. Solo Man, Peking Man and so forth.}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |url={{Google books |id=yLxQWOgfiK0C |page=407 |plainurl=yes }} |title=Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists |first=Getzel M. |last=Cohen |first2=Martha |last2=Joukowsky |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2004 |accessdate=2013-04-25 }} 5. ^[https://archive.org/stream/stoneageofmountc02join#page/18/mode/1up The stone age of Mount Carmel : report of the Joint Expedition of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem and the American School of Prehistoric Research, 1929–1934], p. 18 6. ^1 2 {{Cite book |title=The Human Lineage |last=Cartmill |first=Matt |last2=Smith |first2=Fred H. |url={{Google books |id=5TRHOmTUTP4C |page=320 |plainurl=yes }} |page=320 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2009 |isbn=0471214914 |accessdate=2013-03-01}} 7. ^{{cite book |url={{Google books |id=vHKuxy69Lc8C |page=59 |plainurl=yes }} |title=The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial |first=Paul |last=Pettitt |location= |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |page=59 }}{{cite book |url={{Google books |id=Kl8gAwAAQBAJ |page=90 |plainurl=yes }} |title=Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary |first=Ryan J. |last=Rabett |location= |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |page=90 }} 8. ^{{cite journal |jstor=2844188 |title=The Mugharet el-Emireh in Lower Galilee: Type-Station of the Emiran Industry |authorlink=Dorothy Garrod |first=D. E. A. |last=Garrod |journal=Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=85 |issue=1/2 |year=1955 |pages=141–162 }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/paleo_0153-9345_1974_num_2_1_4180 |title=Excavations in Wadi Amud |publisher=Persee.fr |date= |accessdate=2013-04-25}} 10. ^http://pages.nycep.org/ed/download/pdf/NMG%2043.pdf 11. ^{{cite journal|pmid=8333489 |title=Zuttiyeh face: A view from the East |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |date=2013-03-25 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330910307 |volume=91 |pages=325–47}} 12. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Israel Museum Permanent Exhibitions: Archaeology Wing – The Dawn of Civilization |id=Skull (cast) Zuttiyeh Cave Lower Palaeolithic |url=http://www.imj.org.il/imagine/galleries/viewItemE.asp?case=1&itemNum=359979|publisher=The Ridgefield Foundation |location=New York |year=1995 |accessdate=2013-03-13}} Further reading{{commons category|Zuttiyeh cave}}
External links
1 : Prehistoric sites in Israel |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。