| 词条 | Muhandiram |
| 释义 |
Muhandiram ({{lang-si|මුහන්දිරම්}}, {{lang-ta|முகாந்திரம்}}) was a post in the native headmen system in the lower-country (coastal districts) of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) during the colonial era. It was awarded as a title of honor until suspension of Celonese honors in 1956. HistoryThe post originated from the Portuguese colonial administration in the 17th century by enlisting natives of different castes form the coastal areas. The post continued throughout the Dutch East India Company administration and the British colonial administration until the abolition of the native department in the 1930s.[1] It was awarded as a title of honor until the suspension of Celonese honors in 1956. During the British administration official and titular appointments were made by the government agent of the district to a korale which was a revenue district; a muhandiram had several vidane arachchies that may come under his supervision. He would report to the mudaliyar of the korale or atapattu (district) and was subordinate to the assistant government agents and other civil servants. Appointments were non-transferable and usually hereditary, made to locals, usually from wealthy influential families loyal to the British Crown. This was an influential post, as the holder had much control over the populace of a korale and wielded quasi-judicial powers since he was responsible for keeping the peace, carrying out revenue collection and assisting in judicial functions.[2][3][4][5] Their uniform was similar to that of the mudaliyars, with a long black tunic buttoned up to the neck with golden loops and buttons, a gold lave sword belt and decorated sword.[1] Ranks of the British MuhandiramsMuhandirams had several classes:[1]
List of prominent MuhandiramsOfficialMadige Muhandiram
Awarded as an honor (titular)Muhandiram of the Governor's Gate
Muhandiram
See also
References1. ^1 2 [https://books.google.com/books?id=eUF_rS8FEoIC&pg=PA638 Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon: The Native Headman System] 2. ^The Chieftains of Ceylon, J. C. Van Sanden 3. ^Murders and other crimes 4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=_C8lprXBmikC&pg=PA157 Under the Bo Tree; Studies in Caste, Kinship, and Marriage in the Interior] 5. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=nkr3ra6gR2YC&pg=PA92 Electoral Allegiance in Sri Lanka] 6. ^{{cite web|title=Family # 219 AhmeduLebbe Kariapper Family|url= http://www.worldgenweb.org/lkawgw/gen219.html}} 7. ^[https://books.google.lk/books?id=7Vb0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=Madige+Muhandiram&source=bl&ots=sAZQSO4pKL&sig=mgxFJDGOlgJDiAz0is9m2rLyX28&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvr4vv64vZAhWLJZQKHd38D-gQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=Madige%20Muhandiram&f=false Buddhist Extremists and Muslim Minorities] 8. ^{{cite web|title=Family #209 Galagaha Vidanalagegedara Seyed Mohamed Lebbe Marikar Madige Muhandiram (1840-1939) of Kandy |url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/gen209.html|work=Sri Lankan Muslim Family Genealogy|publisher=rootsweb}} 9. ^{{cite web|title= De Saram Family # 3126 De Saram |url= http://www.worldgenweb.org/lkawgw/gen3126.html}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Family # 245 Raden Singha Noori |url= http://www.worldgenweb.org/lkawgw/gen245.html }} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Proclamation 4th june 1804 | url= https://books.google.lk/books?id=8uYyAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
4 : Muhandiram of Ceylon|History of Sri Lanka|British Ceylon|Defunct government positions in Sri Lanka |
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