| 词条 | Sotho–Tswana languages |
| 释义 |
|name=Sotho–Tswana |region=South Africa, Lesotho, Botswana |familycolor=Niger-Congo |fam2=Atlantic–Congo |fam3=Benue–Congo |fam4=Southern Bantoid |fam5=Bantu |fam6=Southern Bantu |glotto=soth1248 |glottorefname=Sotho-Tswana (S.30) }} The Sotho–Tswana languages are a group of closely related Southern Bantu languages spoken in Southern Africa. The Sotho–Tswana group corresponds to the S.30 label in Guthrie's (1967–1971) classification[1] of languages in the Bantu family. The group is divided into three branches, Tswana (or Tswanaic) and Sotho, as follows:
The various dialects of Tswana, Southern Sotho and Northern Sotho are highly mutually intelligible.[2] On more than one occasion, proposals have been put forward to create a unified Sotho–Tswana language.[2][3][4] Northern Sotho, which appears largely to be a taxonomic holding category for what is Sotho-Tswana but neither identifiably Southern Sotho nor Tswana,[5] subsumes highly varied dialects including Pedi (Sepedi), Tswapo (Setswapo), Lovedu (Khilobedu), Pai and Pulana. Maho (2002) leaves the "East Sotho" varieties of Kutswe, Pai, and Pulana unclassified within Sotho-Tswana. Lozi is spoken in Zambia and northeastern Namibia (in the Caprivi). It is distinct from the other Sotho-Tswana languages due to heavy linguistic influences from Luyaana, and possibly other Zambian and Caprivi languages. In the Guthrie work—as is now widely acknowledged[6]—Lozi was misclassified as K.21. Notes1. ^Guthrie, Malcolm (1967-1971). Comparative Bantu: An Introduction to the Comparative Linguistics and Prehistory of the Bantu Languages. (Volumes 1-4). Farnborough: Gregg International, cf. the CBOLD Guthrie name list {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061130051056/http://www.cbold.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/Lgs/LgsbyGN.html |date=2006-11-30 }} {{Languages of South Africa}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sotho-Tswana languages}}{{Bantu-lang-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite journal |title=Harmonizing South African Sotho Language Varieties: Lessons From Reading Proficiency Assessment |author=Leketi Makalela |year=2009|journal= International Multilingual Research Journal |volume = 3|issue=2 |pages=120–133 |doi=10.1080/19313150903073489 }} 3. ^{{cite journal |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Critical%20Arts/cajv6n1/caj006001004.pdf |title=Language and National Unity in a Post-Apartheid South Africa |author=Eric P. Louw|year=1992 |journal=Critical Arts }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/language-policy-and-national-unity-south-africa-neville-alexander |title=Language Policy and National Unity in South Africa/Azania |author=Neville Alexander|year=1989|website= |publisher= }} 5. ^See Doke, Clement M. (1954). The Southern Bantu Languages. Handbook of African Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press 6. ^Gowlett, Derek. (2003). Zone S. In D. Nurse & G. Philippson (eds.), The Bantu Languages, 609-638. London: Curzon/Routledge Яндекс.Почта — бесплатная и надежная электронная почта 4 : Sotho-Tswana languages|Languages of Botswana|Languages of Lesotho|Languages of South Africa |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。