请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Multi-spectral camouflage
释义

  1. History

  2. Camouflage

  3. Examples across the electromagnetic spectrum

  4. See also

  5. References

Multi-spectral camouflage is the use of counter-surveillance techniques to conceal objects from detection across several parts of the electromagnetic spectrum at the same time. While traditional military camouflage attempts to hide an object in the visible spectrum, multi-spectral camouflage also tries to simultaneously hide objects from detection methods such as infrared, radar, and millimetre-wave radar imaging.[1][2]

Among animals, both insects such as the eyed hawk-moth, and vertebrates such as tree frogs possess camouflage that works in the infra-red as well as in the visible spectrum.

History

The English zoologist Hugh Cott, in his 1940 book Adaptive Coloration in Animals, wrote that some caterpillars such as the eyed hawk-moth Smerinthus ocellatus, and tree frogs such as the red-snouted treefrog Hyla coerulea, are coloured so as to blend with their backgrounds whether observed in visible light or in infra-red.[3][4] Cott noted the importance of camouflage in the infra-red, given the ability of tactical reconnaissance to observe in this part of the spectrum:

{{quote|Because such screens are effective against direct observation and ordinary photography, by no means does it follow that they will be hidden in the infra-red photograph. Comparison of aerial photographs taken simultaneously on panchromatic and infra-red plates will reveal much that before the advent of this new technique would have been adequately camouflaged...|Hugh Cott, 1940.[5]}}

A German-led NATO research project concluded in 2004 that while "the multispectral signatures of most military equipment can be significantly reduced by combinations of various camouflage materials", multi-spectral camouflage for individual soldiers remained lacking. The main problems identified were operational constraints such as mobility, weight, and the soldier's physiology.[6]

Camouflage

Multi-spectral camouflage can be applied to individuals in the form of a ghillie suit, disguising the heat given off by the wearer's body, and to vehicles and buildings with either specialised paints or camouflage nets that reduce the amount of heat given off by an object, as well as altering the shape and size of its radar signature.[7][8][9][10][11] The SAAB Barracuda Mobile Camouflage System provides a degree of concealment in the visible, thermal infrared, and radar parts of the electromagnetic spectrum,[12] as does the Miranda Berberys-R multispectral camouflage system from Poland.[13]

Examples across the electromagnetic spectrum

Electromagnetic spectrum[14]
Name Wavelength Detected by Camouflage Technology Example application
Ultraviolet 10 nm – 380 nm
Visible light 380 nm – 700 nm Eyes, cameras Paint, nets, counter-illumination Uniforms
Shorter Infrared 700 nm – 3 µm Image intensifiers Peltier cooling plates Adaptiv
Mid or Thermal infrared 3 µm – 8 µm Heat-seeking missile
Long infrared 8 µm – 15 µm Thermal imaging sensor
Far infrared 15 µm – 1 mm
Microwave 1 mm – 1 m Radar Stealth technology Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit, F-117 Nighthawk
Longer Radio waves 1 m – 100,000 km

See also

  • Multispectral image
  • Electro-optical MASINT

References

1. ^{{cite web | author=Shabbir, Usman | title=Highlights from IDEAS 2002 | url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_4.shtml | work=ACIG Special Reports | publisher=Air Combat Information Group | accessdate=30 April 2013}}
2. ^{{Citation | inventor-last=Nielsen | inventor-first=Willi G. | publication-date=Sep 1, 1981 | title=Mat for multispectral camouflage of objects and permanent constructions | country-code=US | patent-number=4287243 A}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/pub/monographs/Introduction/camouflage_new.pdf | title=Introduction to Camouflage & Deception | publisher=Defence Research and Development Organisation (India) | accessdate=13 June 2014 | author=Ramana Rao, J.V. | pages=116}}
4. ^{{cite book | title=Adaptive Coloration in Animals | publisher=Oxford University Press | author=Cott, Hugh B. | authorlink=Hugh Cott | year=1940 | page=Plate 5 shows the eyed hawk-moth caterpillar in visible and infra-red on a leafly background; Plate 6 shows a tree-frog similarly. It is clear from the plates that these animals reflect infra-red.}}
5. ^{{cite book | title=Adaptive Coloration in Animals | publisher=Oxford University Press | author=Cott, Hugh B. | authorlink=Hugh Cott | year=1940 | page=10}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=RTO-TM-SCI-096 - Multispectral Camouflage for the Soldier System|url=http://www.cso.nato.int/Pubs/rdp.asp?RDP=RTO-TM-SCI-096|publisher=NATO RTO Task Group|accessdate=25 January 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Anti Thermal IR Coating|url=http://www.motleyexim.com/anti-thermal-ir-coating.html|publisher=Motley-Exim Co.|accessdate=30 April 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Winter Camouflage Nets|url=http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Land/Force_Protection/Signature_management/Static_Camouflage/Camouflage_Nets/Winter_Camouflage_Nets/|publisher=Saab Group|accessdate=30 April 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Multispectral Camouflage for the Soldier System (SCI-096)|url=http://www.cso.nato.int/Activity_Meta.asp?Act=165|publisher=NATO RTO Task Group|accessdate=30 April 2013}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Camouflage net|url=http://eng.bluechersystems.com/produkte/C96|publisher=BLÜCHER SYSTEMS®|accessdate=30 April 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Multispectral Camouflage Nets|url=http://www.rakshasupreme.com/multispectral-camouflage-nets.html|publisher=Raksha Supreme Camouflage|accessdate=30 April 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Land/Force_Protection/Signature_management/Mobile_Camouflage/MCS_Mobile_Camouflage_System/Technical_specifications/ | title=MCS Mobile Camouflage System: Protection on the Move | publisher=SAAB Group | date=2013 | accessdate=6 January 2014}}
13. ^"Producer's leaflet" (in Polish)
14. ^{{cite web|last=Nave|first=C.R.|title=The Electromagnetic Spectrum|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/ems1.html#c1|work=HyperPhysics|publisher=Hosted by Georgia State University Department of Physics and Astronomy|accessdate=30 April 2013}}
{{camouflage}}

2 : Camouflage|Military technology
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/14 15:34:58