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词条 MV Empire Day
释义

  1. Description

  2. History

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image = Ship caption =
}}{{Infobox ship career		 Hide header = Ship name = Empire Day Ship owner = Ministry of War Transport Ship operator =*Stephens Sutton Ltd (1941– )
  • Lyle Shipping Co Ltd ( –1944)
United Kingdom|civil}} Sunderland, United Kingdom Ship route = Ship ordered = Ship builder = William Doxford & Sons Ltd Ship original cost = Ship yard number = 673 Ship way number = Ship laid down = Ship launched = 27 March 1941 Ship completed = July 1941 Ship commissioned = Ship decommissioned = Ship christened = Ship acquired = Ship maiden voyage = Ship in service = Ship out of service = 7 August 1944 Ship identification =*United Kingdom Official Number 168914
  • Code Letters BCMG
  • {{ICS|Bravo}}{{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|Golf}}
 Ship fate = Torpedoed and sunk Ship status = Ship notes =
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		 Hide header = Header caption = Ship class =*CAM ship (1941-43)
  • Cargo ship (1943-44)
7,242}}
  • {{NRT|5,021}}
  • 10,255 DWT
 Ship displacement =428|ft|8|in|m|2|abbr=on}}56|ft|5|in|m|2|abbr=on}} Ship height =27|ft|4+3/4|in|m}}35|ft|5|in|m|2|abbr=on}} Ship decks = Ship deck clearance = Ship ramps = Ship ice class = Ship range = Ship power = 516 nhp Ship propulsion = 2SCSA Diesel enginexx|kn|km/h}-> Ship capacity = Ship crew = Ship notes = Ship complement = 34, plus 8 DEMS gunners Ship armament =*1 Hawker Sea Hurricane (1941-43)
  • 1 × 4-inch gun, 1 x 12-pdr gun, 2 x 20mm guns.

}}
{{location map|Tanzania|width=304
|long=42
|lat=-7.1
|caption=Location of the attack by U-198 on Empire Day off the coast of what is now Tanzania
}}

Empire Day was a {{GRT|7241|link=off}} cargo ship that was built in 1941 as a CAM ship by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland, Co Durham, United Kingdom for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). In 1943, she was converted to a standard cargo ship. She served until August 1944 when she was torpedoed and sunk by {{GS|U-198||2}}.

Description

The ship was built in 1941 by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland, Co Durham.[1] She was yard number 673.[2]

The ship was {{convert|428|ft|8|in|m|2}} long, with a beam of {{convert|56|ft|5|in|m|2}}. She had a depth of {{convert|35|ft|5|in|m|2}} and a draught of {{convert|27|ft|4+3/4|in|m}}. She was assessed at {{GRT|7,242}}, {{NRT|5,021}}.[3] Her DWT was 10,255.[4]

The ship was propelled by a 516 nhp diesel engine.which had 3 cylinders of {{convert|23+5/8|in|cm}} diameter by {{convert|91+5/16|in|cm}} stroke. The engines was built by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland.[3]

History

Empire Day was built for the MoWT as an Empire ship.[1] Yard number 673,[2] she was launched on 27 March 1941 and completed in July.[1] She was initially placed under the management of Stephens Sutton Ltd.[5] Management would later pass to Lyle Shipping Co Ltd. The United Kingdom Official Number 168914 was allocated and Code Letters BCMG were allocated.[3] Her port of registry was Sunderland.[6]

Built as a CAM ship, her armament consisted a Hawker Sea Hurricane, one 4-inch gun, one 12-pounder gun and two 20mm guns.[2]

Empire Day sailed from Sunderland to the Tyne on 21 July 1941. Five days later, she joined Convoy EC 50,[7] which had departed from Southend, Essex on 25 July and arrived at the Clyde on 28 July. Empire Day lost her anchor and chain,[8] and did not arrive until 30 July. She departed the Clyde on 4 August and sailed to Belfast, County Antrim. On 12 August, she departed from Belfast Lough to join Convoy ON 6,[7] which had departed from Liverpool, Lancashire the previous day and dispersed at sea on 11 August.[9] Her destination was Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, where she arrived on 26 August.[7] Loaded with a cargo of grain, she departed Halifax on 4 September as a member of Convoy HX 148, which arrived at Liverpool on 17 September.[10]Empire Day departed from Liverpool on 28 September as a member of Convoy ON 21, which dispersed at sea ({{coord|45|05|N|52|37|W}}) on 14 October.[11] Her destination was Halifax, where she arrived on 16 October.[7] A cargo of grain was loaded and she departed from Halifax on 22 October as a member of Convoy HX 156, which arrived at Liverpool on 5 November.[12] She departed from Liverpool in ballast on 13 November as a member of Convoy ON 36, which dispersed at sea ({{coord|49|24|N|46|15|W}}) on 25 November.[13] Her destination was Halifax, where she arrived on 28 November.[7] Loaded with grain, she departed Halifax on 8 December as a member of Convoy HX 164, which arrived at Liverpool on 23 December.[14]Emoire Day departed from Liverpool on 23 January 1942 as a member of Convoy ON 59, which dispersed at sea ({{coord|41|30|N|52|53|W}}) on 6 February. She was carrying the convoy's Vice-Commodore.[15] Her destination was Halifax, where she arrived the next day.[7] Laden with grain, she returned with Convoy SC 70, departing on 15 February and arriving at Liverpool on 7 March. Empire Day was carrying the convoy's Commodore.[16] She departed from Liverpool on 17 March as a member of Convoy ON 77, which dispersed at sea ({{coord|43|41|N|59|12|W}}) on 28 March.[17] Her destination was Halifax, arriving the next day.[7] She returned with a cargo of grain as a member of Convoy HX 184, which departed on 8 April and arrived at Liverpool on 20 April. Empire Day was noted as carrying her Hurricane, she was first CAM ship to leave Halifax carrying her aircraft for many weeks.[18]Empire Day departed from Liverpool on 22 May as a member of Convoy ON 97, which arrived at Halifax on 5 June.[19] Laden with grain, she departed from Halifax on 14 June as a member of Convoy HX 194, which arrived at Liverpool on 26 June.[20] She left the convoy at the Belfast Lough on 25 June, to join Convoy BB 191, which departed the next day and arrived at Avonmouth, Somerset on 27 June.[7]Empire Day departed from Avonmouth on 6 July and arrived at the Belfast Lough two days later. On 10 July,[7] she joined Convoy On 111, which had departed from Liverpool that day and dispersed at sea ({{coord|41|15|N|71|25|W}} on 24 July. Her destination was Halifax, where she was to disembark her Hurricane.[21] She arrived that day, and departed the next day for New York, United States, where she arrived on 27 July. Empire Day departed from New York on 16 August for Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, from where she departed on 19 August as a member of Convoy BX 34, which arrived at Halifax on 22 August.[7] Carrying general cargo and steel, she departed from Halifax the next day as a member of Convoy Hx 204, which arrived at Liverpool on 4 September.[22]Empire Day departed from Liverpool on 22 October to join Convoy KMS 1G,[7] which departed from the Clyde that day and arrived at Algiers, Algeria on 8 November.[23] She then sailed to Gibraltar, from where she sailed on 24 November to join Convoy MKS 2,[7] which had departed from Algiers on 21 November and arrived at Liverpool on 3 December.[24]Empire Day departed from Liverpool on 31 December for the Clyde, arriving the next day.[7] She departed the Clyde on 7 January 1943 as a member of Convoy KMS 7G, which arrived at Algiers on 21 January.[25] She left the convoy at Gibraltar on 18 January. On 26 January, she joined Convoy TE 14,[7] which arrived at Bône, Algeria on 30 January.[26] She left the convoy at Algiers on 29 January, departing on 11 February to join Convoy ET 11,[7] which had departed from Bône on 9 February and arrived at Gibraltar on 13 February.[27] She departed Gibraltar on 22 February to join Convoy MKS 8,[7] which had departed from Bône on 17 February and arrived at Liverpool on 1 March.[28] She left the convoy in home waters, sailing to Newport, Monmouthshire where she arrived on 1 March.[7]

Loaded with a cargo of coal,[52] Empire Day departed from Newport on 11 March for Milford Haven, arriving the next day and departing the day after that to join Convoy ON 173,[7] which departed from Liverpool on 13 March and arrived at Halifax on 29 March. On 24 March, Empire Day was straggling behind the convoy.[29] Laden with grain,[55] she departed from Halifax on 14 April to join Convoy HX 234,[7] which had departed from New York and arrived at Liverpool on 29 April[30] She left the convoy at the Clyde on 28 April. Empire Day departed from the Clyde on 5 June for Milford Haven, arriving the next day and departing the day after that as a member of Convoy WP 351,[7] which arrived at Portsmouth on 9 June. She was the only merchant ship in the convoy, and was escorted by {{HMS|La Combatante}}, {{HMS|Limbourne}}, {{HMS|Plover|M26|6}} and {{HMS|Stevenstone|L16|6}}.[31] She left the convoy at Falmouth, Cornwall on 8 June.[7]

Empire Day departed from Falmouth on 18 June and sailed to Gibraltar, arriving on 24 June.[7] She then formed Convoy TE 23, of which she was the only ship.[32] She arrived at Algiers on 26 June, departing on 11 July to join Convoy ET 22,[7] which departed from Bône on 12 July and arrived at Gibraltar the next day.[33] She departed from Gibraltar on 22 July to join Convoy GUS 10,[7] which had departed from Bizerta, Algeria on 18 July and arrived at the Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States on 9 August.[34] Empire Day departed sailed on to New York, from where she departed on 2 September for the Hampton Roads, where she joined Convoy UGS 17,[7] which departed on 3 September and arrived at Port Said, Egypt on 3 October. She left the convoy at Algiers,[35] where she arrived on 25 September. She departed from Algiers on 16 November to join Convoy GUS 21,[7] which had departed from Port Said on 7 November and arrived at the Hampton Roads on 5 December.[36] Her destination was New York.[7]Empire Day departed from New York on 2 January 1944 for the Hampton Roads, where she joined Convoy UGS 29, which arrived at Port Said on 31 January. She then sailed to Suez and Aden, arriving there on 7 February. She then joined Convoy AB 30, which departed that day and arrived at Bombay India on 15 February. She departed from Bombay on 4 March as a member of Convoy BM 88,[7] which arrived at Madras, India on 10 March.[37] She left the convoy at Colombo, Ceylon on 9 March. She departed from Colombo on 25 March with Convoy JC 42, arriving at Calcutta, India on 1 April and returning with Convoy CJ 24, which departed on 15 April and arrived at Colombo on 22 April. Two days later, she departed for Lourenço Marques, Mozambique, where she arrived on 8 May.[7]Empire Day departed from Lourenço Marques on 21 May for Durban, South Africa, where she arrived the next day. She departed three days later as a member of Convoy DKA 18, which arrived at Kilindini Harbour, Kenya on 3 June. She departed from Kilindini Harbour on 15 June with Convoy KD 5,[7] which arrived at Durban on 24 June.[38] She left the convoy at Lourenço Marques on 23 June.[7] Carrying a cargo of coal bound for Adem and Port Said,[39] she departed from Lourenço Marques on 31 July as a member of Convoy DK 21A, which dispersed off Beira, Mozambique on 2 August.[40] On 7 August 1944, Empire Day was torpedoed and sunk by {{GS|U-198||2}} some {{convert|200|nmi|km}} east of Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika ({{coord|7|06|S|42|00|E|display=inline, title}}). All 34 crew and eight DEMS gunners survived. Her Chief Officer was taken prisoner by U-198.[41] He was killed when U-198 was sunk by {{HMS|Findhorn|K301|6}} and {{HMIS|Godavari|U52|6}} off the Seychelles on 12 August.[42] He is commemorated on the Tower Hill Memorial.[6] The survivors from Empire Day landed on Zanzibar island,[41] which they reached on 11 August and the sinking of Empire Day was then reported. Her loss had not been realised as she was unable to send out a Mayday at the time of her sinking.[43]

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1= Mitchell |first1=W.H. |last2=Sawyer |first2=L.A. |year=1995 |title=The Empire Ships |page=not cited |publisher= Lloyd's of London Press Ltd |location= London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong |isbn=1-85044-275-4}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.searlecanada.org/sunderland/sunderland054.html#empireday |title=The Sunderland Site Page 054 |publisher=Searle |accessdate=3 May 2012}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=42b0275.pdf |title=LLOYD'S REGISTER, NAVIRES A VAPEUR ET A MOTEURS |publisher=Plimsoll Ship Data |accessdate=15 July 2011}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.johnbage.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Pallion%20Shipyard%20-%20William%20Doxford%20Ship%20Index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301013848/http://www.johnbage.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Pallion%20Shipyard%20-%20William%20Doxford%20Ship%20Index.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=1 March 2011 |title=William Doxford/Pallion Ship Index |publisher=John Bage |accessdate=1 June 2011 }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EmpireD.html |title=EMPIRE - D - E |publisher=Mariners |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.benjidog.co.uk/Tower%20Hill/Empire%20Day%20to%20Empire%20Engineer.html |title=Empire Day to Empire Engineer |publisher=Brian Watson |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 {{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=EMPIRE%20DAY~armain |title=EMPIRE DAY |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ec/index.html?ec.php?convoy=50!~ecmain |title=Convoy EC.50 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/on6.html |title=CONVOY ON 6 |publisher=Warsailors |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=148!~hxmain |title=Convoy HX.148 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=21!~onzmain |title=Convoy ON.21 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
12. ^{{cite web |url= http://convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=156!~hxmain |title=Convoy HX.156 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=5 August 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/on36.html |title=CONVOY ON 36 |publisher=Warsailors |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=164!~hxmain |title=Convoy HX.164 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=1 June 2011}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=59!~onzmain |title=Convoy ON.59 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/sc70.html |title=CONVOY SC 70 |publisher=Warsailors |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=77!~onzmain |title=Convoy ON 77 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/hx184.html |title=CONVOY HX 184 |publisher=Warsailors |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=97!~onzmain |title=Convoy ON.97 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/hx194.html |title=CONVOY HX 194 |publisher=Warsailors |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=111!~onzmain |title=Convoy ON.111 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=204!~hxmain |title=Convoy HX.204 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/kms/index.html?kms.php?convoy=1G!~kmsmain |title=Convoy KMS.1G |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/mks/index.html?mks.php?convoy=2!~mksmain |title=Convoy MKS.2 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/kms/index.html?kms.php?convoy=7G!~kmsmain |title=Convoy KMS.7G |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=TE.14!~miscmain |title=Convoy TE.14 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=ET.11!~miscmain |title=Convoy ET.11 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/mks/index.html?mks.php?convoy=8!~mksmain |title=Convoy MKS 8 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
29. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=173!~onzmain |title=Convoy ON.173 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
30. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=234!~hxmain |title=Convoy HX.234 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/wp/index.html?wp.php?convoy=351!~wpmain |title=Convoy WP.351 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
32. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=TE.23!~miscmain |title=Convoy TE.23 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=ET.22!~miscmain |title=Convoy ET.22 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/gus/index.html?gus.php?convoy=10!~gusmain |title=Convoy GUS.10 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ugs/index.html?ugs.php?convoy=17!~ugsmain |title=Convoy UGS.17 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/gus/index.html?gus.php?convoy=21!~gusmain |title=Convoy GUS.21 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
37. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/bm/index.html?bm.php?convoy=88!~bmmain |title=Convoy BM.88 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=KD.5!~miscmain |title=Convoy KD.5 |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/ESCORT/SHAH.htm |title=A History of HMS Shah |publisher=Royal Navy Research Archive |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=DK.21A!~miscmain |title=Convoy DK.21A |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
41. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/3309.html |title=Empire Day |publisher=Uboat |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uboat.net/boats/u198.htm |title=U-198 |publisher=Uboat |accessdate=2 June 2011}}
43. ^{{cite journal |title="Just like a Training Exercise", The Destruction of U-198 in the Indian Ocean, 12 August 1944 |first=Malcolm |last=Jones |journal=International Journal of Naval History |issue=Volume 6, Number 3 |date=December 2007 |url=http://www.ijnhonline.org/volume6_number3_dec07/dec07%20pdfs/Llewellyn-Jones.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007181800/http://ijnhonline.org/volume6_number3_dec07/dec07%20pdfs/Llewellyn-Jones.pdf |archivedate=7 October 2010 |df= }}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20121007003632/http://www.photoship.co.uk/JAlbum%20Ships/Old%20Ships%20E/slides/Empire%20Day-01.html Photo of Empire Day]
{{Empire D ships}}{{CAM ships}}{{August 1944 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Empire Day}}

9 : 1941 ships|Ships built on the River Tees|Empire ships|Ministry of War Transport ships|Merchant ships of the United Kingdom|CAM ships|Maritime incidents in August 1944|Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II|World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean
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