| 词条 | Nahum Benari |
| 释义 |
| image = Nahum Benari portrait.jpg | alt = Picture of Nahum Benari, 1950 | caption = Nahum Benari, 1950 | birth_name = Nahum Brodski | birth_date = {{Birth date|1893|01|03}} | birth_place = Lebedyn, Ukraine | death_date = {{Death date and age|1963|12|24|1893|01|03}} | death_place = Israel | resting_place = Ein Harod Meuchad, Israel tombstone picture | nationality = | known_for = promoting many Israeli cultural initiatives in the 1940s-50s | occupation = }} Nahum Benari ({{lang-he-n|נַחוּם בֶּנאֲרִי}}) (January 3, 1893 – December 24, 1963) was an Israeli writer and an intellectual. He is known mainly for promoting many Israeli cultural initiatives, primarily in the 1940s-50s, through his position as a member of the management body of the Histadrut (abbreviation for lit. The General Federation of Laborers in the Land of Israel). Benari was a prolific writer, who wrote on several subjects in various genres: treatises, pamphlets, plays, and more; about kibbutz and Zionist ideals and practices; about the making of ceremonies and festivals for Sabbath, holidays, and memorial days; about philosophy; and about stories and thoughts aroused by the day to day reality of the yishuv and Israel in its first years. Moreover, he translated books of other authors and edited books and journals.[1] He was a man of creative imagination who could translate ideas and thoughts about culture and education into actions.[2] BiographyEarly life in UkraineBenari was born Nahum Brodski in 1893, in the Jewish part of the town of Lebedyn in Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. His father, Arie Leib, held a senior position at a sugar factory, and his mother, Devora, was a housewife; he was their firstborn of ten children. As an adolescent he was sent to learn in a yeshiva (a religious school), but the studies of Halakha (religious laws) didn't satisfy his curiosity. He moved from yeshiva to yeshiva across Ukraine until he arrived at Odessa, where he attended the yeshiva of Rabbi Chaim Tchernowitz (Rav Tza'ir)[3] and graduated in 1911. Among his teachers in this yeshiva were well-known authors such as Hayim Nahman Bialik and Mendele Mocher Sforim, and there he absorbed Zionist values, which he passed on to his brothers and sisters.[4] First years in the Land of IsraelIn May 1914, a few months before the beginning of the First World War, Benari arrived in the Land of Israel, then part of the Ottoman Empire. During the first years after making Aliyah, he hired himself out as a farm worker, first at Degania and then at Ilaniya. In those years he became acquainted with immigrants of the Second Aliyah and Third Aliyah. He wrote the article "HaKabtzanim HaSmechim" (lit. The Happy Beggars) about this period.[5] During this period he also met his first wife, Sonia Dubnov, with whom he had three children. After the First World War, at the time of the British Mandate for Palestine, he moved with his family to wherever he could find a job: he planted trees on Mount Carmel, served as a court clerk in Tel Aviv, and took on some temporary jobs in Jerusalem. While working as a court clerk he wrote the article "Inyanei Beit Din" (lit. court matters). During this period his brothers and sisters made Aliyah along with their mother; most of them settled in the rural Israeli settlements called Kibbutzim (plural of Kibbutz).[6] In October 1922, after hearing of his father's death, he changed his surname to Benari (Hebrew: בֶּנאֲרִי, lit. lion's son); his brothers and sisters followed him in this act.[7] Living at Ein HarodAt the beginning of 1925, Benari and his family joined a kibbutz named Ein Harod. He worked in the fields and in the vineyard. At Ein Harod he was among those who conceived the Kibbutz's way of celebrating Jewish holidays. A main theme in the newly designed festivals and ceremonies was the agricultural year circle. For example, at Passover they established a ceremony for the beginning of the harvest, and at Shavuot a secular celebration of Bikkurim (Hebrew: ביכורים, lit. first fruits). Benari also edited the periodical MiBifnim (Hebrew: מבפנים, lit. from the inside). The periodical of the kibbutzim organization HaKibbutz HaMeuchad (lit. the unified kibbutz or united kibbutz), stemmed from Ein Harod's journal. Benari lived in Ein Harod until 1942, and there he met his second wife, Yehudit Mensch, with whom he had one son. Hechalutz activityBenari was sent abroad on Hechalutz missions three times. In the years 1927-1929 he was sent by Ein Harod's leadership to Hechalutz center in Warsaw, Poland. During those two years, he lectured to and talked with young Jews in towns and Chavot Hachshara (lit. training farms), in Poland, Germany, Lithuania, and The Czech Republic. Additionally, he edited Hechalutz's journal called HeAtid (Hebrew: העתיד, lit. The Future). Between 1934-1936 he was sent for the second time by Ein Harod's leadership to the Hechalutz center in Warsaw, this time he also acted as a delegate to the 19th Zionist Congress at Lucerne, Switzerland. In the latter part of the Second World War, from October 1944 to January 1945, he went on his third mission. This time he was sent with two other men by Solel Boneh, a construction company, to join its work teams in the oil refineries in Abadan, Iran. Benari went as a social consultant, but he actually operated undercover as a Hechalutz emissary to encourage Zionist activity among the Jewish communities in Iran, Iraq, and Syria.[8] Alongside performing missions abroad, Benari was also a pamphleteer of Hechalutz and the Zionist ideology. Associations for Culture and EducationAt the beginning of 1942, Benari left Ein Harod with his family in order to focus on his cultural and educational activities. First he worked for Solel Boneh, but it wasn't long before he joined The Center of Culture and Education of the Histadrut. He was among the founders of Associations for Culture and Education (Hebrew: מפעלי תרבות וחינוך) and ran it for nearly twenty years. In this office he promoted many cultural initiatives by supplying funds and an organizational roof. Among the most eminent associations that were raised under his service were:
Alongside enabling the formation of new cultural establishments, the Associations for Culture and Education, under Benari management, also supported existing foundations such as HaOhel Theater (Hebrew: האהל, lit. The Tent), The Israeli Opera, Inbal Dance Theater, and Am Oved publishing house. Selected Works - Author
Selected Works - Editor
Notes and references1. ^Benari's knowledge of Hebrew grammar and vowelization rules brought poets to consult him on those matters. 2. ^איש הדמיון היוצר, רשימה לזכרו של בנארי, מאת א. תרשיש — עיתון למרחב, January 1, 1964 page 2 3. ^[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0019_0_19663.html Rabbi Chaim Tchernowitz (Rav Tza'ir)] in the Jewish Virtual Library 4. ^חוברת רשימות, מרדכי בנארי, הוצאת קיבוץ יגור, page 19. 5. ^ספר העלייה השנייה וספר כאן על פני האדמה, page 93. 6. ^חוברת בנארים לתולדות המשפחה, עין-חרוד, October 2007. 7. ^סבתא רשימה מאת גרשון שופמן, כתבים Vol. 3, page 219. 8. ^נשאר באזור, רשימה מאת חיים באר, גיליון דבר השבוע March 29, 1991, page 14. External links
17 : Israeli information and reference writers|Israeli historians|Israeli spiritual writers|Israeli memoirists|Israeli political writers|Israeli children's writers|Israeli dramatists and playwrights|Zionists|Imperial Russian emigrants to the Ottoman Empire|Imperial Russian Jews|Israeli Jews|1893 births|1963 deaths|Jews in Ottoman Palestine|Jews in Mandatory Palestine|20th-century dramatists and playwrights|20th-century historians |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。