“South Ockendon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

South Ockendon is a small town and Church of England parish in the Thurrock borough and unitary district in Essex in the East of England, United Kingdom. It is located on the border with Greater London, just outside the M25 motorway. The area to the north is North Ockendon.

History

South Ockendon is an ancient parish. It was a village before the Norman Conquest, had a priest in 1085.^[1] is listed in the Domesday Book^[2]{{Full citation needed|date=February 2019}} as "Wocheduna", conjecturally named after a Saxon chief, Wocca, whose tribe allegedly lived on a hill.^[3] The suffix "don" in Old English means a low hill in open country.^[4] Until the late 1940s, the village centred on The Village Green, with its Norman Church of St. Nicholas of Myra and adjoining "The Royal Oak"^[5] a 14th-century tavern with a 17th-century northern extension.^[6] North, South and West Roads all converge on The Green.^[7] The railway through Ockendon station was built in 1892 as a through line from Tilbury Dock to the Midlands and further via Upminster and Romford and now is a major commuter route between Southend and Fenchurch Street via Barking.

In 1912, "Mollands Farm" to the south of the original village was acquired for use as a 'rehabilitation' facility for what are now termed 'disadvantaged' or 'educationally challenged' people who were put to useful work on the farm. Over time the farm developed into a major mental hospital (known locally as The Colony) or as South Ockendon Hospital. The hospital closed in 1994 and most of the buildings were subsequently demolished and the site was redeveloped as the Brandon Groves Estate.

South Ockendon village became a location for prefabricated houses (prefabs) accommodating bombed-out residents of East London/West Essex in the very late 40's. Much of the original post-war construction was undertaken by former German Prisoners of war.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} The majority of these were demolished in the late-1960s when a sizeable Greater London Council estate, Leca plan "concrete" construction homes – the Flowers' Estate – was built to replace them, once more with pre-fabricated dwellings, albeit of a superior design.^[8] The Lecaplan Type B form of pre-cast concrete (large panel concrete) terrace is constructed in rows of eight properties to a design by J C Tilley and manufactured by W._&_C._French.

In the 1970s The Ford Motor Company factory at Aveley housed Ford's Advanced Vehicle Operations which built cars such as the RS1600.^[9] The plant was wound down gradually from the late 90's but closed entirely in 2004, when the last 150 jobs were lost. The majority of the 150 accepted transfers to other Ford or ancillery sites around Essex. The 'Aveley' plant was situated along and west of the railway line, adjacent to Ockendon station in the Belhus Ward^[10] that part of Ockendon now commonly known as "Belhus" and also used to name a nearby golf club west of the M25.

Notable residents

Thomas Bennett Sturgeon was responsible for all the merino sheep imported into Australia and New Zealand, forming the entire basis of their wool and lamb economy. There are two professional football players Ola Aina and Alex Iwobi signed to Arsenal and Chelsea respectively

Transport

The railway line from Upminster to Grays separates the old village of South Ockendon from Belhus.^[10] The line is a spur between Grays Thurrock and Upminster of the line from Fenchurch Street Station to Southend and Shoeburyness.

South Ockendon is served by Transport for London. As of Autumn 2015, bus 370 runs between Romford and Lakeside via South Road and bus 347 serves Romford from Ockendon station via Upminster and Harold Wood. Essex services connect the village directly with Basildon, Brentwood, Purfleet, Grays and Aveley.

Education

Secondary education is provided by The Ockendon Academy (formally known as The Ockendon School, before that it was called Culverhouse Comprehensive School and before that it was called Lennard's Secondary Modern School).

References

1. ^Cyril Hart The Early Charters of Essex (Leicester University Press, 1971)
2. ^DB32 Essex |publisher=Phillimore|year=1983|section 57b & section 58a
3. ^{{cite book|first=PH |last=Reaney|title=The Place-Names of Essex |publisher=CUP|year=1969}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=Signposts to the Past|first=Margaret|last=Gelling|publisher=Phillimore|year=1997|edition=third|authorlink=Margaret Gelling|isbn=0-460-04264-5}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.beerintheevening.com/pubs/s/20/20659/Royal_Oak/South_Ockendon|title=The Royal Oak, South Ockendon|accessdate=11 May 2009}}
6. ^Glyn H Morgan Forgotten Thameside (Letchworth Press, 1966, p92)
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jaydax.co.uk/showcase/panorama/southockendon/panorama.htm|title=The Green at South Ockendon Panorama|accessdate=11 May 2009}}
8. ^{{cite book |last1=Harrison |display-authors=etal |first1=Harry |title=Non-traditional Houses |date=2012 |publisher=Building Research Establishment |isbn=978-1-84806-275-7 |pages=364-365}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.carkeys.co.uk/features/classichistoric/953.asp|title=Twenty Questions on Ford RS|accessdate=11 May 2009}}
10. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.streetcheck.co.uk/ward/belhus/e05002230|title=Postcode Districts in Belhus Ward in Thurrockconstituency|first=|last=StreetCheck|publisher=|accessdate=15 August 2016}}
11. ^Glyn H Morgan Forgotten Thameside (Letchworth Press, 1966, p 89, 90)
12. ^Directory of Essex, 1848, pp 193, 194
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk/Sturgeon1.htm|title=THE STURGEON FAMILY|last=Leach|first=Norma|publisher=Thurrock Local History Society|accessdate=16 August 2015}}