| 词条 | Nardostachys jatamansi |
| 释义 |
| name = Spikenard | image = Nardostachys grandiflora.jpg|status = CR |status_system = IUCN3.1 | genus = Nardostachys | species = jatamansi | authority = (D.Don) DC. | synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = [1] }} Nardostachys jatamansi is a flowering plant of the Valerian family that grows in the Himalayas. It is a source of a type of intensely aromatic amber-colored essential oil, spikenard. The oil has, since ancient times, been used as a perfume, as a medicine and in religious contexts. It is also called spikenard, nard, nardin, or muskroot. Mounting evidence shows that it is critically endangered (as rated by the IUCN) in the wild due to overharvesting for medicine, overgrazing, loss of habitats, and forest degradation. DescriptionNardostachys jatamansi is a flowering plant of the honeysuckle family that grows in the eastern Himalayas, primarily in a belt through Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan.[2] The plant grows to about 1 m in height and has pink, bell-shaped flowers. It is found in the altitude of about 3000–5000 meters. Rhizomes (underground stems) can be crushed and distilled into an intensely aromatic amber-colored essential oil, which is very thick in consistency. Nard oil is used as a perfume, an incense, a sedative, and an herbal medicine said to fight insomnia, birth difficulties, and other minor ailments.[3]PhytochemistryThe chemical components of Nardostachys jatamansi have been assayed in a number of different studies. These compounds include:[4]
Historical use{{main article|Spikenard}}Nardostachys jatamansi may have been used as an ingredient in the incense known as spikenard, although lavender has also been suggested as a candidate for the spikenard of classical times.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} It also has a variety of purported uses in the state of Sikkim located in Northeastern India.[5]References1. ^{{Citation |title=Nardostachys jatamansi |work=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2382349 |accessdate=2014-09-19}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Bakhru|first1=H.K.|title=Herbs that heal : natural remedies for good health|date=1993|publisher=Orient Paperbacks|location=New Delhi u.a.|isbn=978-8122201338|page=117|edition=3rd print.}} 3. ^{{Citation | surname=Dalby | given=Andrew | authorlink=Andrew Dalby | title=Dangerous Tastes: the story of spices | publisher=British Museum Press | place=London | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-7141-2720-0 }} (US {{ISBN|0-520-22789-1}}) pp. 83–88 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Zhang|first=X|author2=Lan Z |author3=Dong XP |author4=Deng Y |author5=Hu XM |author6=Peng T |author7=Guo P. |title=Study on the active components of Nardostachys chinensis|journal=Zhong Yao Cai|date=January 2007|pages=38–41|pmid=17539300|volume=30 |issue=1}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=Alexander |display-authors=etal |date=2017-03-29 |title=Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages= 21|doi=10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9 |pmid=28356115 |pmc=5372287 }} External links{{EB1911 poster|Spikenard}}
6 : Valerianoideae|Flora of Tibet|Perfume ingredients|Spices|Incense material|Flora of Nepal |
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