| 词条 | NASA Uranus orbiter and probe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
A Uranus orbiter and probe is a mission concept for study of the planet Uranus. It was first recommended to NASA in 2011 by its Planetary Science Decadal Survey 2013–2022.[1] NASA evaluated in 2017 twenty different mission designs submitted by the scientific community, considering mission trades, trajectories, and the technology required for specific objectives. Because of planet position and alignments, Neptune was dropped in favor of Uranus.[2] If funded, the proposed mission would launch in the 2020s with launch-windows of 21 days every year.[2] OverviewThe survey listed the Uranus orbiter and probe as the third priority for a Flagship mission class after the Mars 2020 rover and an orbiter to Europa, the Europa Clipper. The SLS rocket has been proposed by Boeing as a launch vehicle for the Uranian probe.[3][4] Although a chemical propulsion mission to Uranus is possible, solar electric propulsion (the NEXT ion engine) is an option for the first portion of the journey because it allows a larger spacecraft mass. The committee narrowed the mission concepts to three scenarios.[5][6][7]
The atmospheric probe element of this mission would study the vertical distribution of cloud-forming molecules, thermal stratification, and wind speed as a function of depth.[8] The probe would be 30 kg in mass and about 0.5m in diameter. There is also a study that recommended a medium-class concept for the New Frontiers program to develop such an orbiter for Uranus.[9] See also
References1. ^Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013–2022 {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ARib6xS2?url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/download-detail.cfm?DL_ID=742 |date=2012-09-05 }} {{Uranus}}2. ^1 Uranus and Neptune Orbiter and Probe Concept Studies, Ice Giants Decadal Study 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/11/new-sls-options-new-large-upper-stage |title=New SLS mission options explored via new Large Upper Stage |author=Chris Gebhardt |publisher=NASASpaceFlight |date=20 November 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/defense-space/space/sls/docs/sls_mission_booklet_jan_2014.pdf |format=PDF |title=Space Launch System Exploration, Science, Security |website=Boeing.com |accessdate=2017-03-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193950/http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/defense-space/space/sls/docs/sls_mission_booklet_jan_2014.pdf |archivedate=September 23, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 5. ^[https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/16/15810926/nasa-uranus-neptune-mission-voyager-2-spacecraft It’s time to explore Uranus and Neptune again — and here's how NASA could do it]. Loren Grush, The Verge. 16 June 2017. 6. ^Revisiting the ice giants: NASA study considers Uranus and Neptune missions. Jason Davis. The Planetary Society. 21 June 2017. 7. ^[https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-completes-study-of-future-ice-giant-mission-concepts NASA Completes Study of Future ‘Ice Giant’ Mission Concepts]. NASA TV. 20 June 2017. 8. ^[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20170006873.pdf Small Next-generation Atmospheric Probe (SNAP) Concept]. (PDF). K. M. Sayanagi, R. A. Dillman, A. A. Simon, et al. NASA, 2017. 9. ^THE CASE FOR A URANUS ORBITER, Mark Hofstadter et al. 3 : Missions to Uranus|Proposed NASA space probes|Orbiters (space probe) |
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