| 词条 | Sovetskaya Gavan |
| 释义 |
| en_name = Sovetskaya Gavan | ru_name = Советская Гавань | loc_name1 = | loc_lang1 = | loc_name2 = | loc_lang2 = | loc_name3 = | loc_lang3 = | loc_name4 = | loc_lang4 = | other_name = | other_lang = | image_skyline = Sovetskaya Gavan - Administration of the Sity.jpg | image_caption = Sovetskaya Gavan Administration building | image_map = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|48|58|N|140|17|E|display=inline,title}} | image_flag = Flag of Sovietskaya Gavan.gif | flag_caption = | image_coa = Sovgava1.png | coa_caption = | anthem = | anthem_ref = | holiday = | holiday_ref = | federal_subject = Khabarovsk Krai | federal_subject_ref = [1] | adm_district_jur = | adm_district_jur_ref = | adm_inhabloc_jur = town of krai significance of Sovetskaya Gavan | adm_inhabloc_jur_ref = [1] | adm_citydistrict_jur = | adm_citydistrict_type = | adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = | adm_selsoviet_jur = | adm_selsoviet_type = | adm_selsoviet_jur_ref = | capital_of = | capital_of_ref = | adm_ctr_of1 = town of krai significance of Sovetskaya Gavan | adm_ctr_of1_ref = [3] | adm_ctr_of2 = Sovetsko-Gavansky District | adm_ctr_of2_ref = [2] | adm_ctr_of3 = | adm_ctr_of3_ref = | inhabloc_cat = Town | inhabloc_cat_ref = [1] | inhabloc_type = | inhabloc_type_ref = | mun_district_jur = Sovetsko-Gavansky Municipal District | mun_district_jur_ref = [3] | urban_okrug_jur = | urban_okrug_jur_ref = | urban_settlement_jur = Sovetskaya Gavan Urban Settlement | urban_settlement_jur_ref = [3] | rural_settlement_jur = | rural_settlement_jur_ref = | inter_settlement_territory = | inter_settlement_territory_ref = | mun_admctr_of1 = Sovetsko-Gavansky Municipal District | mun_admctr_of1_ref = [4] | mun_admctr_of2 = Sovetskaya Gavan Urban Settlement | mun_admctr_of2_ref = | leader_title = Head | leader_title_ref = | leader_name = Pavel Borovsky | leader_name_ref = | representative_body = | representative_body_ref = | elevation_m = | area_km2 = | area_km2_ref = | pop_2010census = 27712 | pop_2010census_rank = | pop_2010census_ref = [5] | pop_latest = | pop_latest_date = | pop_latest_ref = | population_demonym = | time_zone_ref = | established_date = August 4, 1853 | established_title = | established_date_ref = | current_cat_date = 1941 | current_cat_date_ref = | abolished_date = | abolished_date_ref = | postal_codes = 682880 | postal_codes_ref = | dialing_codes = 42138 | dialing_codes_ref = | website = http://admsovgav.ru/ }} Sovetskaya Gavan ({{lang-ru|Сове́тская Га́вань}}, lit. Soviet harbor) is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, and a port on the Strait of Tartary which connects the Sea of Okhotsk in the north with the Sea of Japan in the south. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=27,712|p2002=30,480|p1989=34,915}} It was previously known as Imperatorskaya Gavan (until 1922). NameThe name of the town is often informally abbreviated to "Sovgavan" ({{lang|ru|Совгавань}}). HistoryOn May 23, 1853, Lt. Nikolay Konstantinovich Boshnyak of the Russian-American Company ship Nikolay discovered the bay on which Sovetskaya Gavan is located and named it Khadzhi Bay. On August 4, 1853, Captain Gennady Nevelskoy founded a military post named after Admiral Grand Duke Konstantin, and renamed the bay to Imperatorskaya Gavan ('Emperor's Harbor' or 'Port Imperial'). The bay was also known to the English as Barracouta Harbour.} Nikolay Boshnyak was appointed the commander of the post, which became the first Russian settlement in the area, and the predecessor of today's Sovetskaya Gavan.[6] After the abandonment of the military post before 1900, the area became a center for timber production, including concessions to companies from other countries such as Canada. The bay and the settlement were renamed Sovetskaya Gavan in 1922.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} During World War II, construction was begun on a railway from the right bank of the Amur River near Komsomolsk-on-Amur to the Pacific coast, with Sovetskaya Gavan chosen as the endpoint. Sovetskaya Gavan was granted town status in 1941;{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} the railway reached the town in 1945. This section of railway was the first section to be completed of what would later become the Baikal-Amur Mainline. From 1950 until 1954, the town was the site of the prison camp Ulminlag of the gulag system. In 1958, the town's northern neighborhood, on the Vanino Bay, was separated into a separate urban-type settlement of Vanino. In 1963-1964, six sounding rockets of "Kosmos 2"-type were launched. They reached the height of {{convert|402|km|sp=us}}.[7] Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Sovetskaya Gavan serves as the administrative center of Sovetsko-Gavansky District[8] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of krai significance of Sovetskaya Gavan—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of krai significance of Sovetskaya Gavan is incorporated within Sovetsko-Gavansky Municipal District as Sovetskaya Gavan Urban Settlement.[3] EconomySovetskaya Gavan's economy is largely dependent on the harbor and related activities; the town has a deep water port for cargo and fishing vessels, as well as ship repair facilities. There is also some foodstuffs production, such as fish processing. TransportationIn 1973, Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry to the island Sakhalin was opened, joining the mainland at Vanino, {{convert|30|km|sp=us}} north of Sovetskaya Gavan. Whilst this diminished Sovetskaya Gavan's importance as a trading port, until the 1990s it remained an important supply harbor for the Russian Pacific Fleet. Sovetskaya Gavan is connected by rail with Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the section of line being the most easterly section of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. The town is served by Kamenny Ruchey naval airfield (also known as Mongokhto) as well as the May-gatka Airport and Mayskiy Airport airbase . Sister city
ClimateSovetskaya Gavan has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). The mild September temperatures caused by seasonal lag keep the climate within the continental range. Apart from that there is a strong subarctic and Siberian High influence that keeps winters extremely cold for a coastal location at 49 degrees latitude. {{Weather box |location=Sovetskaya Gavan (1914-2012) |single line=yes |metric first=yes |Jan record high C= 2.6 |Feb record high C= 12.2 |Mar record high C= 18.9 |Apr record high C= 25.1 |May record high C= 31.8 |Jun record high C= 35.1 |Jul record high C= 34.2 |Aug record high C= 35.8 |Sep record high C= 30.2 |Oct record high C= 26.8 |Nov record high C= 16.5 |Dec record high C= 9.4 |Jan high C=−11.4 |Feb high C=−8.3 |Mar high C=−1.8 |Apr high C= 5.6 |May high C=11.6 |Jun high C=16.8 |Jul high C=20.5 |Aug high C=21.9 |Sep high C=18.2 |Oct high C = 10.9 |Nov high C = 0.0 |Dec high C = −8.7 |year high C= 6.3 |Jan mean C = -16.8 |Feb mean C = -14.2 |Mar mean C = -7.4 |Apr mean C = 1.1 |May mean C = 6.6 |Jun mean C = 11.5 |Jul mean C = 15.6 |Aug mean C = 17.4 |Sep mean C = 13.3 |Oct mean C = 6.0 |Nov mean C = -4.7 |Dec mean C = -13.5 |year mean C = 1.3 |Jan low C = −22.2 |Feb low C = −20.1 |Mar low C = −12.9 |Apr low C = −3.5 |May low C = 1.5 |Jun low C = 6.2 |Jul low C = 10.7 |Aug low C = 12.9 |Sep low C = 8.4 |Oct low C = 1.0 |Nov low C = -9.3 |Dec low C = −18.3 |year low C = |Jan record low C = -40.0 |Feb record low C = -38.6 |Mar record low C = -30.3 |Apr record low C = -26.4 |May record low C = -9.5 |Jun record low C = -3.0 |Jul record low C = 2.4 |Aug record low C = 4.0 |Sep record low C = -1.7 |Oct record low C = -14.7 |Nov record low C = -31.3 |Dec record low C = -38.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 19.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 20.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 42.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 47.5 |May precipitation mm = 73.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 70.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 82.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 109.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 117.2 |Oct precipitation mm = 87.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 43.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 32.7 |year precipitation mm = |Jan precipitation days = 6.8 |Feb precipitation days = 7.0 |Mar precipitation days = 9.6 |Apr precipitation days = 10.3 |May precipitation days = 13.2 |Jun precipitation days = 12.9 |Jul precipitation days = 13.4 |Aug precipitation days = 14.7 |Sep precipitation days = 13.1 |Oct precipitation days = 9.2 |Nov precipitation days = 6.1 |Dec precipitation days = 6.6 |source 1 = |date=December 2011}} ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 3 4 Resolution #143-pr, Article 3 2. ^1 {{OKATOReference|08 242}} 3. ^1 2 Law #191 4. ^Law #264 5. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 6. ^Герб города Советская Гавань (The Coat of Arms of the Town of Sovetskaya Gavan) {{ru icon}} 7. ^ 8. ^{{OKATOReference|08 418}} Sources
External links
5 : Cities and towns in Khabarovsk Krai|Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union|Populated places established in 1941|Sea of Japan|1853 establishments in the Russian Empire |
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