| 词条 | Nathan Phelps |
| 释义 |
|name = Nathan Phelps |image = Nathan Phelps at QEDcon 2014.jpg |caption = Phelps speaking at QED, Manchester, UK in 2014 |birth_name = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|11|22}} |birth_place = Topeka, Kansas, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = Canadian, American |residence= Calgary, Alberta |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = LGBT rights activist, Atheist activist, Calgary branch director for the Centre for Inquiry Canada, son of former Westboro Baptist Church pastor Fred Phelps |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |spouse = |parents = Fred Phelps |relatives = Shirley Phelps-Roper (sister) Megan Phelps-Roper (niece) |children = 6 (3 step children) }}Nathan "Nate" Phelps (born November 22, 1958) is an American-Canadian author, LGBT rights activist,[1] and public speaker on the topics of religion and child abuse. He is the sixth-born of the 13 children of Fred Phelps, from whom he – along with three of his siblings – had been estranged since his 18th birthday in 1976 until his father's death in 2014.[2] Phelps permanently left Westboro Baptist Church in 1980 and has since publicly censured the group.[2] Other members of the Phelps family have also left, most recently Megan Phelps-Roper in 2012 and Zach Phelps-Roper in February 2014.[3] Early lifePhelps was born in Topeka, Kansas on November 22, 1958.[4] From birth until age 18, Phelps lived with his parents Fred and Margie in his hometown. Although he attended a local public school,[6] beyond that his life revolved around his father's Westboro Baptist Church (WBC), which adjoined their family home[7] inside a walled compound.[2] Attendance at scheduled sermons was strictly enforced, and after-school time was largely committed to raising money for the Church through selling candy.[5][10] Later this was eclipsed by participation in his father's intensive exercise program, which would routinely involve Phelps and his siblings running 5 or 10 miles (8–16 km) after school,[6] accompanied by participation in a fad diet.[7] Phelps describes his father as "deeply prejudiced",[7] and also violent[14] and abusive,[7] and gives accounts of receiving extended beatings with a leather strap[8] and later with a mattock handle.[9] Nathan's brother Mark and sister Dortha have corroborated his claims of physical abuse by their father.[8][2][7][10][22] Leaving WestboroOn his 18th birthday, Phelps left his family home. Still in internal conflict, he abandoned his family and the WBC, despite his then deeply-held belief that this meant he would go immediately to hell.[5] In great fear of having his escape interrupted by his abusive father,[11] Phelps made a clandestine nighttime getaway[12] in an old car he had bought specifically for this purpose, with little plan or preparation beyond this.[7] He slept the first night in the men's room of a nearby gas station.[4] Phelps left WBC prior to the start of the Church's high-profile picketing activities, and has attributed the onset of Church picketing to his father's exclusion[13] from the legal profession.[5] Kansas and California: From faith to atheismAfter leaving WBC, Phelps undertook various jobs before reuniting with his older brother Mark, and in 1978 they established a printing company together in Prairie Village, near Kansas City.[4] The company later relocated to Southern California. Phelps worked for 25 years in the print business.[5] Three years after leaving, Phelps contacted his family,[4] and for a brief period left Mark and the firm to stay with them. His father had offered to fund him through law school, a path which took 11 of his siblings into careers as lawyers,[14] but which Nathan declined. Fred never accepted him back, eventually denouncing him. Phelps then left again, this time for good, permanently breaking contact with his father.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} During an interview while at QEDcon in April 2014, Nate Phelps explained how the lingering effects of his indoctrination as a youth were so entrenched. He understood how one could feel persecuted and sincerely surprised when other people react quite strongly against ideas of what "the truth" was as he saw it: {{quote|When I first heard that my family had started this "God hates fags" campaign...immediately people start using words like 'cult' and 'hate,' and that kind of stuff. And I remember, more privately than anything else, that, 'No no no no, this isn't a cult, this is my family! This is a church, this is a real church! It's not a cult, and that no, that's not hateful, it's true! So I get it, because that's how you understand the world to be. And even though I had been gone for some time, it was still one of those moments where I got to recognize that I'm actually still holding a lot of these ideas as true in my mind even though I'm starting to question the whole God thing.[15]}}In the 20 years following his departure, Phelps tried to find a milder form of Christianity, and raised his own children in an Evangelical church, but his doubts only grew as he continued studying religion. At the Reason Rally in Washington on March 24, 2012, he told that the events of 9/11 finally brought him to disbelief: {{quote|Then, one sunny September morning, the illusion of a personal God that I tried so hard to believe in, exploded over the skies of Manhattan. Even as the ashes and ruin of this horrific act of blind faith settled over New York, Washington, and Pennsylvania, I watched people across the country scrambling to that same irrational altar for their answers. In the fierce storm of emotion that rolled across this country, one realization rose to the surface of my mind with blinding clarity: Certainly this mechanism of unassailable blind faith is one of the greatest risks mankind faces today.[16]}}In addition to this, Phelps identifies both his experience reading Michael Shermer's book The Science of Good and Evil[5] and the birth of his first child[7] as turning points in his worldview. Phelps now describes himself as an atheist.[6] Career as activist, speaker, and authorPhelps later moved to rural British Columbia, Canada,[6] and currently lives in Calgary, Alberta. He is the Executive Director of the Centre for Inquiry Calgary,[17] a secular organization that educates and advocates reason and science. He also serves on the board of directors of Recovering from Religion, which offers education and practical support for people leaving religious communities.[18][19] Phelps is an active public speaker[20] and appears at events designed to promote the ideas of atheism, skepticism, and secularism,[11][21] He has spoken at numerous Gay Pride events[22][23][24] and describes himself as an "LBGT activist".[25][26] He emphasises his work raising awareness of child abuse related to religion and its legal status[5] and has published articles on this topic.[27] Phelps is known for his criticism of the Westboro Baptist Church through literature, interviews, public speaking at atheist conventions, and his website. He states that his father physically abused him and the other Phelps children, and he believes that the church was an organization for his father to "vent his rage and anger."[28] As of 2014, Phelps was working on a book called Leaving Westboro: Escaping America's Most Hated Church & Family.[17] In the same year, he made a widely reported announcement that his father was terminally ill,[29] and also that Pastor Phelps had been "excommunicated" from his own church during 2013.[30] Phelps' father died of natural causes shortly before midnight on March 19, 2014.[31][32][33] The Recovering From Religion organization released a statement on behalf of Phelps, who is on their board of directors, about his father's death.[34] CriticismPhelps has been criticized by members of his family still active in the Westboro Baptist Church. His sister Shirley Phelps-Roper, a prominent spokesperson for the Church, said "Nathan Phelps is a rebel against God. He has nothing to look forward to except sorrow, misery, death, and hell", and stated that he "left when he was a raging disobedient rebel with selective memory".[9] His only encounter with his father since 1980 was on a radio talk program, on which Fred Phelps was highly critical of his son.[4][12][5][28] Westboro Baptist Church has itself been widely criticized, and has been described as "roundly derided" and "widely rebuked and criticized" by Christian groups[35] which distance WBC's views from their own, and in other cases WBC is accused of "misreading" and "misrepresenting" the Bible.[14][36] Phelps has responded to this position arguing that WBC's position was derived by his father from bona fide Biblical text[5] and has written on the wider subject of mainstream Christianity's rejection of extremists.[37] See also
References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/family-and-relationships/after-years-of-silence-nate-phelps-faces-off-with-his-anti-gay-father/article1621441/|title=After years of silence, Nate Phelps faces off with his anti-gay father |author=Hampson, Sarah. |date=2010-06-28 |publisher=The Globe and Mail}} 2. ^1 Kendall, Justin. "The New Fred: Shirley Phelps-Roper is just like her notorious father – except in one crucial way," Pitch.com, November 2, 2006. Retrieved December 21, 2012. 3. ^Fourth Phelps-Roper sibling leaves Westboro Baptist Church 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.rslevinson.com/gaylesissues/features/collect/phelps/bl_phelpschapter08.htm |title=Addicted to Hate: The Fred Phelps Story. Exhibit A of the lawsuit filed in Shawnee County District Court in Topeka, Kansas by Jon Michael Bell against Stauffer Communications in June of 1994, Case number 94CV766. Chapter 8: Over the Wall at Westboro |publisher=Deborah Levinson |website= Rslevinson.com |author=Jon Michael Bell, Joe Taschler and Steve Fry|date=1994-06-29 |accessdate=2013-12-05}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|url=http://www.irreligiosophy.com/?p=1408 |title=80: Nathan Phelps |publisher=Irreligiosophy |date=2010-09-14 |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.andmagazine.com/content/phoenix/12467.html |title=Nate Phelps - Ex-member of the Westboro Baptist Church and Phelps family|publisher=AND Magazine |date= |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/thethinkingatheist/2012/08/14/nathan-phelps-escaping-westboro-baptist-church|publisher=BlogTalkRadio|author=Seth Andrews|work=The Thinking Atheist|title=Nathan Phelps Escaping Westboro Baptist Church}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2001/spring/a-city-held-hostage/on-the-inside |title=Inside the Westboro Baptist Church |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |year=2001 |accessdate=2014-02-23}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/pdfs/ubyssey/UBYSSEY_2008_10_31.pdf |title=Running From Hell - Growing Up in America's Most Hated Family (p6)|author=Trevor Melanson|publisher=The Ubyssey|format=PDF |date=2008-10-31 |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 10. ^{{cite news |date=20 November 1994 |title=The Phelps family has declared war on Topeka |url= |newspaper=Topeka Capital-Journal |location=Topeka, Kansas |publisher=Morris Communications }} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://life.nationalpost.com/2012/09/29/leaving-westboro-nate-phelps-traded-his-fathers-hate-fuelled-faith-for-atheism/ |title=Leaving Westboro: Nate Phelps traded a hate-filled faith for atheism|publisher=National Post |date=2012-09-29 |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|last=Hannaford |first=Alex |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9913463/My-father-the-hate-preacher-Nate-Phelps-on-escaping-Westboro-Baptist-Church.html |title=Nate Phelps on escaping Westboro Baptist Church |publisher=The Telegraph|date=2013-03-12 |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|author=Kerry Lauerman |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/1999/03/man-who-loves-hate |title=The Man Who Loves To Hate |publisher=Mother Jones |year=1999 |accessdate=2014-02-23}} 14. ^1 {{cite web |author=Andrea Stone Senior Washington Correspondent |url=http://www.aolnews.com/2011/03/03/fred-phelps-daughters-may-misread-bible-but-they-know-the-law/ |title=Fred Phelps' Daughters May Misread Bible but They Know the Law |publisher=Aolnews.com |date=2011-03-03 |accessdate=2014-02-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316135925/http://www.aolnews.com/2011/03/03/fred-phelps-daughters-may-misread-bible-but-they-know-the-law/ |archivedate=2014-03-16 |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|last1=Jenkins|first1=Paul|title=Skepticule 070: Location podcast from QEDcon, featuring Nathan Phelps|url=http://www.skepticule.co.uk/2014/05/skepticule-070-20140412.html|website=Skepticule|accessdate=4 June 2014}} 16. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/camelswithhammers/2012/03/nate-phelpss-sadness/|title=Nate Phelps's Sadness|author=Daniel Fincke|date=March 26, 2012|accessdate=April 7, 2013}} at the Reason Rally, 02:35–02:45 pm March 24, 2012. 17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://centreforinquiry.ca/author/cfi-calgary/ |title=Centre for Inquiry Calgary |publisher=Centre for Inquiry Canada|website=Centreforinquiry.ca |date= |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Nate Phelps (bio)|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nate-phelps|publisher=The Huffington Post|accessdate=6 May 2012}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://recoveringfromreligion.org/board-of-directors/ |title=Board of Directors |publisher=Recovering from Religion |date= |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://natephelps.com/events |title=Events - Nate Phelps Official Website |publisher=Natephelps.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-13}} 21. ^{{cite web|last=Brayton |first=Ed |url=http://freethoughtblogs.com/dispatches/2012/04/22/nate-phelps-at-rock-beyond-belief/ |title=Nate Phelps at Rock Beyond Belief » Dispatches from the Culture Wars |publisher=Freethoughtblogs.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 22. ^1 Lawrence Tech Pride Week 2012 {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mR7541iEupk&list=PLZagmaVTtDKNG5GxIvrW5ubWPnz5ncQD_&index=2 |title= Nate Phelps |publisher=YouTube |date=2012-03-24 |accessdate=2014-02-13}} 23. ^Pittsburgh Pride Week 2010 {{cite web|author=Wednesday, June 09, 2010 |url=http://www.popcitymedia.com/forgood/prideweek0609.aspx |title=Stunning Pride Week kickoff: Son of anti-gay activist promotes tolerance at rally |publisher=Popcitymedia.com |date=2010-06-09 |accessdate=2014-02-13}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://religionismanmade.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/nate-phelps-wesboros-forgotten-son.html |title=Toronto Gay Pride 2010. Religion is Man-Made: Nate Phelps: Wesboro's forgotten son |publisher=Religionismanmade.blogspot.co.uk |date=2013-06-24 |accessdate=2014-02-13}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://natephelps.com/bio|title=Biography|publisher=natephelps.com}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://dailyxtra.com/ottawa/news/nate-phelps-breaking-the-mould |title=Nate Phelps: Breaking the mould |publisher=Daily Xtra |date=2011-08-15 |accessdate=2014-02-17}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nate-phelps/ritual-child-sacrifice-is_b_3510663.html |title=Nate Phelps: Ritual Child Sacrifice Is Alive and Well in 21st-Century America |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-11}} 28. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://cjonline.com/stories/072306/loc_phelps.shtml|title=Phelps' son speaks out |author=Anderson, Ric |date=2006-07-23 |publisher=Topeka Capital-Journal}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/fred-phelps-founder-of-god-hates-fags-westboro-baptist-church-is-on-edge-of-death-9195777.html|title=Fred Phelps, founder of 'God Hates Fags' Westboro Baptist Church, is 'on edge of death'|author=Adam Withnall|publisher=The Independent|date=2014-03-16}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/16/pastor-gay-hating-church-close-death-fred-phelps|title=Fred Phelps Sr, ex-pastor of gay-hating Westboro church, 'close to death'|author=Martin Pengelly|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2014-03-16}} 31. ^{{cite news|last=Hanna|first=John|title=Anti-gay pastor Fred Phelps, Sr. dies|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/anti-gay-pastor-fred-phelps-sr-dies-84-22986518|newspaper=ABC News}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Anti-gay Westboro Baptist Church leader Fred Phelps dies|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-26669967|work=BBC|accessdate=20 March 2014}} 33. ^{{cite news|last=Burke|first=Daniel|title=Westboro church founder Fred Phelps dies|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/20/us/westboro-church-founder-dead/|accessdate=20 March 2014|newspaper=CNN.com|date=20 March 2014}} 34. ^{{cite web|last=Phelps|first=Nathan|title=The Lessons of My Father – Nathan Phelps Speaks Out on Fred Phelps' Death|url=http://recoveringfromreligion.org/584-2/|work=Recovering From Religion|publisher=Recovering From Religion|accessdate=21 March 2014}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/westboro-tornado-blame-jason-collins-and-kevin-durant-to-blame-for-oklahoma-twister-claims-phelps-video-96388/ |title=Westboro Tornado Blame: Jason Collins and Kevin Durant to Blame for Oklahoma Twister, Claims Phelps (VIDEO) |publisher=The Christian Post |date=2013-05-21 |accessdate=2014-02-23}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/10/07/my-take-fred-phelps-is-wrong-about-the-gospel-right-about-the-law/ |title=Fred Phelps is wrong about the gospel, right about the law |publisher=CNN |date=2010-10-07 |accessdate=2014-02-23}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nate-phelps/dear-maria_b_2307914.html |author=Nate Phelps |title=Dear Maria |publisher=Huffington Post |date=2012-12-18 |accessdate=2014-02-23}} External links{{Commons category}}
15 : 1958 births|American emigrants to Canada|American atheists|American skeptics|Canadian atheists|LGBT rights activists from the United States|American atheism activists|Living people|Naturalized citizens of Canada|Former members of the Westboro Baptist Church|Writers from Topeka, Kansas|People from Topeka, Kansas|American male writers|21st-century American writers|American former Christians |
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