| 词条 | National Airlines Flight 102 |
| 释义 |
| name = National Airlines Flight 102 | image = Cargo Boeing 747-428(BCF) of National_Airlines cropped.jpg | image_upright = 1.1 | alt = | caption = N949CA, the aircraft involved in the accident, seen here in 2012 | occurrence_type = Accident | date = {{Start date|2013|04|29|df=y}} | summary = Lost control and crashed after take-off due to load shift | site = Bagram Airfield, Parwan, Afghanistan | coordinates = {{Coord|34|57|37|N|069|16|37|E|type:airport_region:AF}} | aircraft_type = Boeing 747-428BCF | aircraft_name = Lori | operator = National Airlines | IATA = N8102 | ICAO = NCR102 | callsign = ISAF 95AQ | tail_number = N949CA | origin = Camp Bastion, Afghanistan | stopover = Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan | destination = Al Maktoum Airport, Dubai, United Arab Emirates | occupants = 7 | crew = 7 | fatalities = 7 | survivors = 0 }}National Airlines Flight 102 was a cargo flight operated by National Airlines between the British military base Camp Bastion in Afghanistan and Al Maktoum Airport in Dubai, with a refueling stop at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. On 29 April 2013, the Boeing 747-400 operating the flight crashed moments after taking off from Bagram, killing all seven people on board.[1][1] The subsequent investigation concluded that improperly secured cargo broke free during the take-off and shifted to the back of the cargo hold. The change in balance caused the aircraft to pitch up and stall. The shifted cargo also disabled the rear flight control systems, rendering the aircraft uncontrollable and making recovery from the stall impossible.[3] Accident{{location map|Afghanistan|relief=|width=|lat=34.946|long=69.265|mark=Cross.svg |label=Crash site |position=left |caption=Accident location shown within Afghanistan}}At the time of the crash the airline had been operating between Camp Bastion and Dubai for a month.[2] The accident flight had originated in Camp Bastion and had stopped at Bagram Airfield to refuel.[3][4] The aircraft then took off from Bagram's runway 03 at 15:30 local time and was climbing through {{convert|1200|ft|m}} when its nose rose sharply. The aircraft then stalled, crashed, and exploded into a large fireball.[2] The crash site was off the end of runway 03, within the perimeter of the airfield. All seven crew, all of whom were U.S. citizens,[8] died: four pilots, two mechanics, and a loadmaster.[2] A thunderstorm was also in the vicinity of Bagram at the time of the crash and the wind changed direction by 120° during a one-hour period commencing approximately 35 minutes before the crash.[10] A dashboard camera on a car in the vicinity of the runway end recorded the crash.[2][5] CNN stated that a government official speaking on the condition of anonymity said that the video was authentic.[4] AircraftThe aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-428BCF,[6] registration {{Airreg|N|949CA|,}} S/N 25630.[7] It was manufactured in 1993 as a passenger aircraft and was delivered to Air France (with registration {{Airreg|F|GISE}}) the same year. Air France placed the aircraft into commercial passenger service and operated it until September 2010.[7] In 2011 the aircraft modified for service as a freighter before being sold to National Airlines. At the time of the crash, the aircraft was flying on behalf of the United States Air Force's Air Mobility Command.[2][8] AftermathThe crash interrupted the New Zealand Defence Force's (NZDF) withdrawal from Afghanistan, as it was only hours away from using another National Airlines aircraft to fly equipment out of the country; after the crash the NZDF indefinitely postponed using National Airlines for its airlift requirements.[9] InvestigationThe United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Afghanistan Civil Aviation Authority investigated the crash.[8] The NTSB reported in a 30 April 2013 press release that representatives of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Boeing Company would also provide technical expertise and aid in the investigation.[10] On 2 June 2013, investigators from the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation of Afghanistan confirmed the load shift hypothesis as the starting point: three armoured vehicles and two mine-sweeping vehicles, totalling 80 tons of weight, had not been properly secured. At least one armoured vehicle had come loose and rolled backwards against the airplane's rear bulkhead, damaging the bulkhead. This also crippled key hydraulic systems and damaged the horizontal stabilizer components - most notably the jackscrew, which rendered the airplane uncontrollable.[11] Control of the aircraft was therefore lost, with the abnormal pitch-up rotation, stall, and crash to the ground ensuing.[2] The damage made it impossible for the crew to regain control of the aircraft. The NTSB determined that the probable cause of this accident was "National Airlines’ inadequate procedures for restraining special cargo loads, which resulted in the loadmaster’s improper restraint of the cargo."[12] One of the key recommendations was to mandate training for all loadmasters. In mediaThe Canadian TV series Mayday (also known as Air Crash Disaster and Air Emergency in the US and Air Crash Investigation in the UK and the rest of the world) covered Flight 102 in episode 10 of series 16, called "Afghan Nightmare", first broadcast in 2017.[13] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22347199|title=Seven killed in US cargo plane crash at Afghan base|publisher=BBC News |date=29 April 2013|accessdate=1 May 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news |author=Simon Hradecky|title=Crash: National Air Cargo B744 at Bagram on Apr 29th 2013, lost height shortly after takeoff|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=46183bb4&opt=0 |work=The Aviation Herald|date=4 June 2013|accessdate=5 June 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalaircargo.com/information_related_to_Flight_NCR102.aspx|title=Information Related to Flight NCR102|publisher=National Air Cargo|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GLfZO5qY?url=http://www.nationalaircargo.com/information_related_to_Flight_NCR102.aspx|archivedate=3 May 2013|accessdate=6 May 2013|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/06/world/asia/afghanistan-bagram-crash/index.html?hpt=hp_t2|title=Video of Bagram plane crash legitimate, U.S. official says|publisher=CNN|date=6 May 2013|accessdate=6 May 2013}} 5. ^LiveLeaks dashboard video 6. ^The aircraft was a Boeing 747-400 model; Boeing assigns a unique code for each company that buys one of its aircraft, which is applied as an infix to the model number at the time the aircraft is built, hence "747-428". This aircraft was converted to freighter configuration as part of Boeing's conversion program of passenger 747-400s, hence "747-428BCF" for Boeing Converted Freighter. 7. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20130429-0|work=Aviation Safety Network|title=N949CA accident synopsis|accessdate=9 May 2013}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Yan|first1=Holly|last2=Alsup|first2=Dave|title=Cargo plane crashes in Afghanistan, killing 7 Americans|publisher=CNN|accessdate=1 May 2013|date=1 May 2013|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/29/world/asia/afghanistan-plane-crash/index.html}} 9. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.3news.co.nz/Plane-crash-stalls-Afghan-withdrawal/tabid/423/articleID/296248/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ|title=Plane crash stalls Afghan withdrawal|date=2 May 2013|accessdate=2 May 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=NTSB to assist Afghan authorities with investigation into Bagram cargo plane crash|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/news/2013/130430.html|work=NTSB Press Releases|publisher=National Transportation Safety Board|accessdate=5 May 2013}} 11. ^1 {{cite web |title=NTSB Finds Damage From Inadequately Secured Cargo Caused Boeing 747 Crash in Bagram, Afghanistan|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/20150714b.aspx|work=NTSB Press Release dated 14 July 2015|publisher=National Transportation Safety Board|accessdate=18 Oct 2015}} 12. ^{{cite news |author=Simon Hradecky |title=Crash: National Air Cargo B744 at Bagram on Apr 29th 2013, lost height shortly after takeoff |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=46183bb4&opt=0 |work=The Aviation Herald |date=29 April 2013 |accessdate=30 April 2013}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.natgeotv.com/uk/shows/natgeo/air-crash-investigation#episodes-t15|title=Air Crash Investigation – Episodes season 15|publisher=NG Europe|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075046/http://www.natgeotv.com/uk/shows/natgeo/air-crash-investigation|archive-date=11 February 2017}} References{{reflist}}External links
8 : Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747|Accidents and incidents involving cargo aircraft|Aviation accidents and incidents in 2013|Aviation accidents and incidents in Afghanistan|National Airlines accidents and incidents|2013 in Afghanistan|April 2013 events in Asia|Filmed accidental deaths |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。