| 词条 | Soviet submarine K-8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
K-8 was a {{sclass2-|November|submarine}} of the Soviet Northern Fleet that sank in the Bay of Biscay with her nuclear weapons on board on April 12, 1970. A fire on April 8 had disabled the submarine and it was being towed in rough seas. Fifty-two crewmen were killed attempting the salvage of the boat when it sank. Accidents1960 loss of coolantOn 13 October 1960, while operating in the Barents Sea, K-8 suffered a ruptured steam generator tube, causing a loss-of-coolant accident. While the crew jury-rigged a system to supply emergency cooling water to the reactor, preventing a reactor core meltdown, large amounts of radioactive gas leaked out which contaminated the entire vessel. The gas radiation levels could not be determined because instrumentation could not measure such large scales. Three of the crew suffered visible radiation injuries, and many crewmen were exposed to doses of up to 1.8–2 Sv (180–200 rem). 1970 Bay of Biscay fireDuring the large-scale "Ocean-70" naval exercise, K-8 suffered fires in two compartments simultaneously on 8 April 1970. Due to short circuits that took place in III and VII compartments simultaneously at a depth of {{convert|120|m|ft}}, a fire spread through the air-conditioning system. Both nuclear reactors were shut down.[1] The captain ordered his entire crew to abandon ship but was countermanded once a towing vessel arrived. Fifty-two crewmen, including the commander, Captain 2nd Rank Vsevolod Borisovich Bessonov, re-boarded the surfaced submarine that was to be towed. This was the first loss of a Soviet nuclear-powered submarine, which sank in rough seas as it was being towed in the Bay of Biscay of the North Atlantic Ocean. Eight mariners had already died due to certain compartments being locked to prevent further flooding as well as the spread of the fire as soon as it was detected. All hands on board died due to CO2 poisoning and the flooding of the surfaced submarine during 80 hours of damage control in stormy conditions. Seventy-three crewmen survived. K-8 sank with four nuclear torpedoes out of total 24 on board to a depth of {{convert|4,680|m|ft}} approximately {{convert|490|km|nmi}} northwest of Spain.[2] See also
References1. ^Inventory of accidents and losses at sea involving radioactive material, International Atomic Energy Agency 2001, online pdf version 2. ^{{cite book|title=Man-made and Natural Radioactivity in Environmental Pollution and Radiochronology|authors=Richard Tykva and Dieter Berg|isbn=1-4020-1860-6|year=2004|page=136}}
Further reading
| last = Polmar | first = Norman |author2=J. K. Moore | authorlink = Norman Polmar | title = Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines | edition = | year = 2004 | publisher = Potomac Books, Inc | location = Washington, DC | isbn = 1-57488-530-8 | type = paperback | quote ={{November class submarine}}{{1960 shipwrecks}}{{1970 shipwrecks}}{{coord|46|N|6|W|source:wikidata|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:K-008}} 14 : November-class submarines|Ships built in the Soviet Union|1959 ships|Cold War submarines of the Soviet Union|Maritime incidents in 1960|Maritime incidents in 1970|Soviet submarine accidents|Lost submarines of the Soviet Union|Sunken nuclear submarines|Maritime incidents in the Soviet Union|1970 in the Soviet Union|Maritime incidents in Spain|Shipwrecks of the Biscay coast|Nuclear submarines of the Soviet Navy |
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