| 词条 | National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners |
| 释义 |
The National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners (NCDPP) was an organization founded in {{date|June 1931}} as an accompaniment to the International Labor Defense, led by the Communist Party of the United States of America.[1] The NCDPP was originally called the Emergency Committee for Southern Political Prisoners (ECSPP).[2] GoalsThe Committee aimed to "aid workers [to] organize and defend themselves against terror and suppression",[3] and was described as an "'invading body' whose mission is to enter the Kentucky coal-fields, 'inform the American public of what is going on' and 'persuade officials ... to a more equitable course of action'."[2] The organization was influential in defending civil liberties, such as the Scottsboro Boys in Alabama,[3][4] where nine African American teenagers were wrongly accused of raping a white woman, even in the face of medical evidence to the contrary.[5] A Statement of the Purposes of the National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners stated that:[3]The National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners has been formed to aid workers to organize and to defend themselves against terror and suppression ... The National Committee recognizes the right of workers to organize, strike and picket, their right to freedom of speech, press and assembly, and it will aid in combating any violation of those rights, through legal means, and above all, by stimulating a wide public interest and protest.[6] The group was considered one of eleven "subversive organizations",[7] drawn up on {{date|April 3, 1947}} at the request of Tom C. Clark.[8] References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Wald|first1=Alan|authorlink=Alan M. Wald|title=The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s|date=1987|publisher=UNC Press Books|isbn=9780807841693|page=56|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzlsL5s0GXYC&pg=PA56|accessdate=3 March 2015}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Catherine Mary McLoughlin|title=Martha Gellhorn: The War Writer in the Field and in the Text|date=15 Sep 2007|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719076367|page=41|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bwMk-k-jd0AC&pg=PA41|accessdate=3 March 2015}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Duke|first1=David|title=Writers and Miners: Activism and Imagery in America|date=2015|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813148212|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3YkfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|accessdate=3 March 2015}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Denning|first1=Michael|title=The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century|date=1998|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781859841709|page=13|edition=illustrated, reprint|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY8pUkLRM1YC&pg=PA13|accessdate=3 March 2015|chapter=1}} 5. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Powers|editor1-first=Rachael|editor2-last=Poynton|editor2-first=Holly|publisher=Coordination Group Publications Ltd|title=To Kill A Mockingbird, The Text Guide|isbn=978 1 84762 023 1|quote="Even though there was medical evidence that proved the women hadn't been raped, the all-white jury sentenced all the men except the youngest to death."}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Members of the National Committee for the Defense|author2=John C. Hennen|title=Harlan Miners Speak: Report on Terrorism in the Kentucky Coal Fields|date=2015|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813159843|page=9|edition=revised|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rMweBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR9|accessdate=3 March 2015}} 7. ^M. Stanton Evans, [https://books.google.com/books?id=tQt3AAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies] (New York: Crown Forum, 2007) {{ISBN|978-1-4000-8105-9}}, pp. 55-60, notes). 8. ^{{cite web|title=Prelude to McCarthyism: The Making of a Blacklist|work=Goldstein, Robert Justin, Prologue, U.S. National Archives|url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/fall/agloso.html|date=2006|volume=38|accessdate= 3 March 2015}} 3 : Civil liberties advocacy groups in the United States|Communism|Imprisonment and detention |
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