| 词条 | Soyuz 17 |
| 释义 |
| name = Soyuz 17 | image = | image_caption = | insignia = | mission_type = | operator = | COSPAR_ID = 1975-001A | SATCAT = 7604 | mission_duration = 29 days, 13 hours, 19 minutes, 45 seconds | distance_travelled = | orbits_completed = 479 | spacecraft = | spacecraft_type = Soyuz 7K-T | manufacturer = NPO Energia | launch_mass = {{convert|6800|kg|lb}} | landing_mass = | launch_date = {{start-date|January 10, 1975, 21:43:37|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_rocket = Soyuz | launch_site = Baikonur 1/5[1] | landing_date = {{end-date|February 9, 1975, 11:03:22|timezone=yes}} UTC | landing_site = {{convert|110|km|mi}} NE of Tselinograd | crew_size = 2 | crew_members = Aleksei Gubarev Georgi Grechko | crew_callsign = {{lang|ru|Зенит}} ({{lang|ru-Latn|Zenit}} - "Zenith") | crew_photo = | crew_photo_caption = | orbit_epoch = | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|185|km|mi}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|249|km|mi}} | orbit_inclination = 51.6 degrees | orbit_period = 88.8 minutes | apsis = gee | docking = | docking_target = Salyut 4 | docking_type = dock | docking_date = | undocking_date = | time_docked = | previous_mission = Soyuz 16 | next_mission = Unnumbered | programme = Soyuz programme (Manned missions) }} Soyuz 17 ({{lang-ru|Союз 17}}, Union 17) was the first of two long-duration missions to the Soviet Union's Salyut 4 space station in 1975. The flight set a Soviet mission-duration record of 29 days, surpassing the 23-day record set by the ill-fated Soyuz 11 crew aboard Salyut 1 in 1971. Crew{{Spaceflight crew|terminology = Cosmonaut |position1 = Commander |crew1_up = Aleksei Gubarev |flights1_up = First |position2 = Flight Engineer |crew2_up = Georgi Grechko |flights2_up = First }} Backup crew{{Spaceflight crew|terminology = Cosmonaut |position1 = Commander |crew1_up = Vasili Lazarev |position2 = Flight Engineer |crew2_up = Oleg Makarov }} Reserve crew{{Spaceflight crew|terminology = Cosmonaut |position1 = Commander |crew1_up = Pyotr Klimuk |position2 = Flight Engineer |crew2_up = Vitali Sevastyanov }} Mission parameters
Mission highlightsSalyut 4 was launched 26 December 1974, and Soyuz 17, with cosmonauts Georgi Grechko and Aleksei Gubarev as its first crew, was launched 16 days later on 10 January 1975.[2] Gubarev manually docked Soyuz 17 to the station on 12 January, and upon entering the new station he and Grechko found a note from its builders which said, "Wipe your feet!"[2] Salyut 4 was in an unusually high circular orbit of {{convert|350|km|mi|abbr=on}} when Soyuz 17 docked with the station. Salyut designer Konstantin Feoktistov said this was to ensure propellant consumption would be half of what was needed for lower-altitude Salyuts.[3] The crew worked between 15 and 20 hours a day, including their 2{{frac|1|2}} hour exercise period.[2] One of their activities included testing communication equipment for tracking ships and contacting mission control via a Molniya satellite.[2] Astrophysics was a major component of the mission, with the station's solar telescope activated on 16 January.[3] The crew later discovered that the main mirror of the telescope had been ruined by direct exposure to sunlight when the pointing system failed. They resurfaced the mirror on 3 February and worked out a way of pointing the telescope using a stethoscope, stopwatch, and the noises the moving mirror made in its casing.[2]On 14 January, a ventilation hose was set up from Salyut 4 to keep the Soyuz ventilated while its systems were shut down.[2] On 19 January it was announced that ion sensors were being used to orient the station, a system described as being more efficient.[3] A new teleprinter was used for communications from the ground crew, freeing the Salyut crew from constant interruptions during their work.[3] The cosmonauts began powering down the station on 7 February and they returned to Earth in the Soyuz capsule two days later.[3] They safely landed near Tselinograd in a snowstorm with winds of 72 km/h and wore gravity suits to ease the effects of re-adaptation.[2] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/baiurlc1.htm |title=Baikonur LC1 |accessdate=2009-03-04 |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415160730/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/baiurlc1.htm |archivedate=2009-04-15 |df= }} {{Portal|Soviet Union|Spaceflight}}{{Soyuz}}{{Orbital launches in 1975}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book | last = Newkirk | first = Dennis | title = Almanac of Soviet Manned Space Flight | year= 1990 | isbn = 0-87201-848-2 | publisher = Gulf Publishing Company | location = Houston, Texas }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book | last = Clark | first = Phillip | title = The Soviet Manned Space Program | year= 1988 | isbn = 0-517-56954-X | publisher = Orion Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc. | location = New York }} 5 : Crewed Soyuz missions|1975 in the Soviet Union|Spacecraft launched in 1975|Spacecraft which reentered in 1975|Spacecraft launched by Soyuz rockets |
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