| 词条 | Soyuz TM-19 |
| 释义 |
| name = Soyuz TM-19 | image = | image_caption = | insignia = Soyuz TM-19 patch.png | mission_type = Mir crew transport | operator = Rosaviakosmos | COSPAR_ID = 1994-036A | SATCAT = 23139 | mission_duration = 125 days, 22 hours, 53 minutes, 36 seconds | distance_travelled = | orbits_completed = 1,993 | spacecraft = Soyuz 7K-STM No.68[1] | spacecraft_type = Soyuz-TM | manufacturer = RKK Energia | launch_mass = {{convert|7150|kg|lb}} | landing_mass = | launch_date = {{start-date|July 1, 1994, 12:24:50|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_rocket = Soyuz-U2 | launch_site = Baikonur 1/5 | landing_date = {{end-date|November 4, 1994, 11:18:26|timezone=yes}} UTC | landing_site = {{convert|88|km|mi}} northeast of Arkalyk | crew_size = 2 up 3 down | crew_members = Yuri Malenchenko Talgat Musabayev | crew_landing = Ulf Merbold | crew_callsign = Ага́т (Agat - Agate) | crew_photo = | crew_photo_caption = | orbit_epoch = 31 July 1994[2] | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|396|km|mi}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|397|km|mi}} | orbit_inclination = 51.6 degrees | orbit_period = 92.48 minutes | apsis = gee | docking = | docking_target = Mir | docking_type = dock | docking_port = Kvant-1 aft | docking_date = 3 July 1994, 13:55:01 UTC | undocking_date = 4 November 1994, 08:31:30 UTC | time_docked = | previous_mission = Soyuz TM-18 | next_mission = Soyuz TM-20 | programme = Soyuz programme (Manned missions) }} The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control. Soyuz TM-19 was the tenth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir. Crew{{Spaceflight crew|position1 = Commander |crew1_up = {{flagicon|RUS}} Yuri Malenchenko |flights1_up = First |position2 = Flight Engineer |crew2_up = {{flagicon|RUS}} Talgat Musabayev |flights2_up = First |position3 = Research Cosmonaut |crew3_up = None |crew3_down = {{flagicon|GER}} Ulf Merbold |flights3_down = Third and last }} Mission highlightsCommander Malenchenko and Flight Engineer Musabayev, spaceflight rookies, were to have been launched with veteran cosmonaut Gennadi Strekalov, who would have returned to Earth with Viktor Afanaseyev and Yuri Usachyov in Soyuz-TM 18 after a few days on Mir. However, cancellation of one of two Progress-M cargo ships scheduled to resupply Mir during the Agat crew’s stay meant Strekalov’s couch had to carry supplies. The result was an unusual all-rookie flight. Docking occurred without incident on July 3. On November 3, Musabayev, Malenchenko, and Merbold undocked in Soyuz-TM 19 and backed 190 m from Mir. They then activated the Kurs automatic approach system, which successfully redocked the spacecraft. The cosmonauts then transferred back to Mir. The test was related to the difficulties Soyuz-TM 20 and Progress-M 24 experienced during their automatic approaches. Final undocking and reentry the following day occurred without incident. Mission accomplishments
Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=9 November 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=9 November 2013}} Both cosmonauts and Doctor Valeri Polyakov (arrived on Soyuz TM-18) became the 16th resident crew; many technical problems with the station arose during this mission, necessitating a previously untried manual supply dock by Malenchenko. {{Portal|Spaceflight}}{{Soyuz}}{{Manned Mir flight}}{{Orbital launches in 1994}} 2 : Crewed Soyuz missions|Spacecraft launched in 1994 |
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