| 词条 | Soyuz TM-34 |
| 释义 |
| name = Soyuz TM-34 | image = | image_caption = | insignia = Soyuz TM-34 logo.png | mission_type = | operator = Rosaviakosmos | COSPAR_ID = 2002-020A | SATCAT = 27416 | mission_duration = 198 days, 17 hours, 37 minutes, 45 seconds | distance_travelled = | orbits_completed = ~3,235 | spacecraft = | spacecraft_type = Soyuz-TM | manufacturer = RKK Energia | launch_mass = | landing_mass = | launch_date = {{start-date|April 25, 2002, 06:26:35|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_rocket = Soyuz-U | launch_site = | landing_date = {{end-date|November 10, 2002, 00:04:20|timezone=yes}} UTC | landing_site = {{convert|80|km|mi}} NE of Arkalyk | crew_size = 3 | crew_launching = Yuri Gidzenko Roberto Vittori Mark Shuttleworth | crew_landing = Sergei Zalyotin Frank De Winne Yury Lonchakov | crew_callsign = Uran | crew_photo = Soyuz TM-34 crew 1.jpg | crew_photo_caption = | orbit_epoch = | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|193|km|mi}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|247|km|mi}} | orbit_inclination = 51.6 degrees | orbit_period = 88.6 minutes | apsis = gee | docking = | docking_target = ISS | docking_type = dock | docking_port = | docking_date = | undocking_date = | time_docked = | previous_mission = Soyuz TM-33 | next_mission = Soyuz TMA-1 | programme = Soyuz programme (Manned missions) }} Soyuz TM-34 was the fourth Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS).[1] Soyuz TM-34 was launched by a Soyuz-U launch vehicle. Crew{{Spaceflight crew|position1 = Commander |crew1_up = {{Flagicon|RUS}} Yuri Gidzenko, RKA |flights1_up = Third and last |position2 = Flight Engineer |crew2_up = {{Flagicon|ITA}} Roberto Vittori, ESA |flights2_up = First |position3 = Spaceflight Participant/Flight Engineer |crew3_up = {{Flagicon|ZAF}} Mark Shuttleworth, SA |flights3_up = Only |details3_up = Tourist |crew1_down = {{Flagicon|RUS}} Sergei Zalyotin, RKA |flights1_down = Second and last |crew2_down = {{Flagicon|BEL}} Frank De Winne, ESA |flights2_down = First |crew3_down = {{Flagicon|RUS}} Yury Lonchakov, RKA |flights3_down = Second }} Docking with ISS
Mission highlightsThis was the 17th manned mission to ISS. Soyuz TM-34 was a Russian Soyuz TM passenger transportation craft that was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket from Baikonur at 06:26 UT on 25 April 2002. It carried two cosmonauts and a South African tourist, Mark Shuttleworth, to the International Space Station (ISS). Shuttleworth performed some biology experiments, as he carried a live rat and sheep stem cells. All three returned on Soyuz TM-33 after an eight-day mission. Soyuz TM-34 was the final flight of the Soyuz-TM variant, due to its replacement by the upgraded Soyuz-TMA.[1] It was also the last manned vehicle to launch atop the Soyuz-U rocket, although the Soyuz-U continued to launch unmanned vehicles until 2017. References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ISSRG/pdfs/soyuz_missions.pdf |title=Soyuz ISS Missions |publisher=NASA |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202114355/http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/ISSRG/pdfs/soyuz_missions.pdf |archivedate=2011-12-02 |df= }} {{Portal|Spaceflight}}{{Soyuz}}{{Manned ISS flight}}{{Orbital launches in 2002}} 5 : Crewed Soyuz missions|Spacecraft launched in 2002|Orbital space tourism missions|Spacecraft which reentered in 2002|Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-U rockets |
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