| 词条 | National Museum, Wrocław |
| 释义 |
|name = National Museum in Wrocław |image = Muzeum Narodowe, Wrocław.jpg |imagesize = 325 |caption = National Museum in Wrocław, central branch near the river Oder |established = 28 March 1947 |location = Pl. Powstańców Warszawy 5 Wrocław, Poland |type = National museum |director = Mariusz Hermansdorfer[1] |curator = Bożena Guldan-Klamecka |visitors = |website = www.mnwr.art.pl }} The National Museum in Wrocław ({{lang-pl|Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu}}), established 28 March 1947 and officially inaugurated on 11 July 1948, is one of Poland's main branches of the National Museum system. It holds one of the largest collections of contemporary art in the country.[2] The holdings of Wrocław Museum are closely connected with the history of border shifts in Central Europe following World War II. After the annexation of Eastern half of the Second Polish Republic by the Soviet Union, main parts of Poland's art collections were transferred from the cities incorporated into the USSR like Lviv. Collections not returned included the Ossolineum holdings which became part of the Lviv National Museum.[3] The cultural heritage shipped in 1946 included Polish and European paintings from 17th to 19th centuries. The 1948 unveiling of the Wrocław Gallery of Polish Painting at a brand new location, composed of national treasures from already disappropriated museums, had a symbolic meaning in the lives of people subjected to mass expulsions from the Eastern Borderlands. The Gallery was arranged to remind them, that they were again residing in Poland.[2] Conclusion of World War IIMost historic buildings in Wrocław were destroyed or heavily damaged in World War II (see: the Siege of Breslau). The new Polish Department of Museums and Heritage Protection (Referat Muzeów i Ochrony Zabytków, RMOZ) was entrusted with the task of selecting a suitable placement for the newly arriving cultural artifacts. The relatively undamaged location was chosen on {{nobreak|January 1, 1947}} among the ruins of the old city center, at the former Silesian regency office built in 1883–1886.[2] Although the location of National Museum and its collections were new in Wrocław, the actual tradition of art museums in the city were centuries old. Its predecessors included the Royal Museum of Art and Antiquity formed in 1815 ({{lang-de|Königliches Museum für Kunst und Altertümer}}) and the Silesian Museum of Fine Arts created in 1880, as well as the Silesian Museum of Applied Arts formed in 1899. When Poland disappeared from the map of Europe at the end of the 18th century many artifacts produced by Polish artists and artisans were also displayed there.[2] Permanent exhibitsAdmission to gallery is free on Saturdays. Among the permanent exhibitions set up on different floors of the Museum are four distinct departments divided by art-periods and historical epochs. The oldest is the "Silesian Art of the 12th to 16th century", featuring tombs of Silesian princes and most precious works of the Gothic art in Poland. The second is the "Silesian Art of the 16th to 19th century" with sculpture, painting and decorative arts from Silesian Renaissance to Romanticism. The next is the "Polish Art of the 17th to 19th century" with Polish Baroque portraits by Marceli Bacciarelli and Canaletto among others. And finally, the renowned "European Art of the 15th–20th Century", which features the works of such artists as Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Agnolo Bronzino, Cosimo Rosselli, Giovanni Santi, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Paris Bordone, Frans Floris, Osias Beert, Jan Frans van Bloemen, Francisco de Zurbarán, Lovis Corinth, Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun and Wassily Kandinsky.[4] Apart from these exhibitions, the museum includes "Polish Art of the 20th century" collection with art of Tadeusz Makowski, Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Władysław Strzemiński, Henryk Stażewski, Alina Szapocznikow, Tadeusz Kantor, Tadeusz Makowski, Jerzy Nowosielski, Józef Szajna, Magdalena Abakanowicz and many prominent others. Month of September 2011 marked the opening of "New Gallery of Contemporary Art" in the Museum's remodelled attic.[5] Gallery{{Gallery|title=Selected paintings from the museum collections|width=180|height=130|lines=2|align=center|File:Brueghel the Younger Winter landscape.jpg|Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Winter Landscape (ca.1586) |File:Zurbarán Christ at the Column.jpg|Francisco de Zurbarán, Christ at the Column (1661) |File:Cranach Eve.jpg|Lucas Cranach the Elder, Eve (ca. 1531) |File:Entrance of Jerzy Ossoliński to Rome 1633.PNG|Bernardo Bellotto, Entrance of Jerzy Ossoliński to Rome in 1633, (1779) |File:Kandinsky The evening.jpg|Vassily Kandinsky, The Evening, (1903) |File:ChelmonskiJozef.1882.WyjazdNaPolowanie.jpg|Józef Chełmoński, Hunting (1882) |File:Sluby Jana Kazimierza 2.jpg|Jan Matejko, The Oath of Jan Kazimierz (1893) |File:Malczewski Jacek Ojczyzna.jpg|Jacek Malczewski, Motherland (1903) |File:Bogurodzica.jpg|Józef Brandt, Bogurodzica (1909) |File:Palacze fajek.jpg|Tadeusz Makowski, The Pipe Smokers (1930) }} Museum divisions
See also
Notes and references1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.mnwr.art.pl/CMS/kto_jest_kto/kto_jest_kto.html | title=The National Museum in Wrocław. Who is Who | work=Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu. Homepage | year=2012 | accessdate=October 9, 2012 | author=Editorial board | language=Polish, English}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=http://www.mnwr.art.pl/CMS/o_muzeum/o_muzeum.html | title=The National Museum in Wrocław. History | publisher=Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu | work=Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu. Przewodnik | year=2006 | accessdate=October 9, 2012 | author=Iwona Gołaj, Grzegorz Wojturski | language=Polish, English}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.przeglad-tygodnik.pl/pl/artykul/odzyskiwanie-zabytkow | title=Wędrówka do Rosji | publisher=Tygodnik PRZEGLĄD, 40/2001 | work=Odzyskiwanie zabytków | year=2010 | accessdate=October 9, 2012 | author=Ewa Likowska | language=Polish}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.en.mnwr.art.pl/CMS/wystawy_stale/sztuka_europejska_XV-XXw.html |title=Permanent Exhibitions European Art of the 15th – 20th |access-date=2017-03-27}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.visit-wroclaw.eu/where_to_have_fun/national_museum.html | title=The National Museum in Wrocław | publisher=Visit Wrocław | work=Visitors guide | year=2011 | accessdate=October 10, 2012 | author=Editor }}
7 : Art museums and galleries in Poland|National museums of Poland|Art museums established in 1947|1947 establishments in Poland|Registered museums in Poland|Museums in Wrocław|Modern art museums |
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