“National Railway Locomotive Engineers' Union”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The {{nihongo|National Railway Motive Power Union|国鉄動力車労働組合|Kokutetsu dōryokusha rōdōkumiai}} was a Japanese trade union, which was usually referred to as {{nihongo||動労|Doro}} in Japanese. It merged with Tetsuro and other right wing unions to form JR-Soren (Japan Confederation of Railway Workers' Unions--JRU) now affiliated to RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation).{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}

History

Founding

Doro (National Railway Motive Power Union) split from the National Railway Workers' Union (Kokuro) in 1951. It was considered to be more left-leaning.^[1] Doro was a major union, along with Kokuro, representing workers who worked for Japanese National Railways (JNR).

Formation of Zendoro

In 1974, the Doro national leadership expelled several branches in Hokkaido area that had not supported Doro's political campaign for the Socialist Party' National Parliament candidates. Expelled branches formed Zendoro (All Japan National Railway Locomotive Engineers' Union).{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}

Split with Doro-Chiba

In 1979 the Chiba prefecture chapter of the union split off to form an independent union, which became known as Doro-Chiba. Doro-Chiba split off after its executive committee members had expelled by Doro national leadership because of their support to the struggle of farmers in Chiba Prefecture against the operation and expansion of Narita International Airport.^[2]

JNR privatization

When privatization of JNR was proposed in the mid 1980s, JNR's unions including Doro were strongly opposed and campaigned against it. Doro, however, actively supported the privatization plan. JNR was privatized in 1987, and replaced by the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). As of 1985 Doro had 38,000 workers.^[3]

Lists of workers to be employed by the new organizations were drawn up by JNR and given to the JR companies. There was substantial pressure on union members to leave their unions, and within a year, Kokuro's membership fell from 200,000 to 44,000. Workers who had supported the privatization, or those who left Kokuro, were hired at substantially higher rates than members of Kokuro, Zendoro and Doro-Chiba.^[4]

JNR dismissal lawsuit

Dismissals

There was a government pledge that no one would be "Thrown out onto the street",^[5] so unhired workers were classified as "needing to be employed" and were transferred to the JNR Settlement Corporation, where they could be assigned for up to three years.^[6]

Around 7,600 workers were transferred in this way, and around 2,000 of them were hired by JR firms, and 3,000 found work elsewhere. Mitomu Yamaguchi, a former JNR employee from Tosu in Saga prefecture who had been transferred to the JNR Settlement Corporation, later stated that their help in finding work consisted of giving him photocopies of recruitment ads from newspapers.^[7]

This period ended in April 1990, and 1,047 were dismissed. This included 64 Zendoro members and 966 Kokuro members.^[8]^[9]

Settlement

Many lawsuits and labor commission cases were filed over the decades from the privatization in 1987. 23 years after the original privatization, on June 28, 2010, the Supreme Court settled the dispute between the workers and the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency, the successor body to the JNR Settlement Corporation. The agency said it would pay 20 billion yen, approximately 22 million yen per worker, to 904 plaintiffs. However, as the workers were not reinstated, it was not a full settlement.^[10]

References

1. ^ The Japan Times Union official arrested over coercion November 2, 2002 Retrieved on August 8, 2012
2. ^ The LA Times Millions Stalled as Japanese Radicals Sabotage Government-Owned Rail Lines Retrieved on August 8, 2012
3. ^ Time magazine Japan: Paralysis on the Tracks Retrieved August 15 2012.
4. ^ The Japan Times 'Unfair' '87 dismissal of JNR unionists slammed March 4, 2010 Retrieved on August 2, 2012
5. ^ The Japan Times Top court rules against ex-JNR workers December 23, 2003 Retrieved on August 6, 2012
6. ^ The Japan Times JNR unionists' suit over lost jobs foiled by statute March 14, 2008 Retrieved on August 6, 2012
7. ^ The Japan Times Top court rules against ex-JNR workers December 23, 2003 Retrieved on August 6, 2012
8. ^ The Japan Times Top court settles 23-year JNR unionist suit June 29, 2010 Retrieved on August 6, 2012
9. ^ Zenroren website Statement on the legal settlement of 23 year lawsuit over Japan Railway Company's discrimination in employment against members of particular unions June 29, 2010 Retrieved on July 25, 2012
10. ^ UNHCR website 2012 Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights - Japan, 6 June 2012 {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20121228064038/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,JPN,,4fd8894332,0.html |date=28 December 2012 }} Retrieved on July 25, 2012