| 词条 | National War Dog Cemetery |
| 释义 |
The National War Dog Cemetery is a memorial to war dogs located at Naval Base Guam. The cemetery honors the dogs—mostly Doberman Pinschers—that were killed in service with the United States Marine Corps during the Second Battle of Guam in 1944. HistoryThe island of Guam, an American territory since 1898, was captured by Japanese forces on December 10, 1941, in the first days after the U.S. entered World War II. Guam was held by the Japanese for two and a half years, until U.S. Marines landed to retake the island in July 1944. Along with them were the 2nd and 3rd War Dog Platoons, used as sentries and scouts in over 450 patrols.[1][2] They explored the island's cave system, detected land mines and booby traps, and guarded sleeping Marines. In the most famous incident, a Doberman named Cappy saved the lives of 250 Marines when he warned them of a massive Japanese force ahead.[1][3][5] Cappy was badly injured in the ensuing mortar attack, along with his handler, PFC Allen Jacobson, who is said to have refused treatment until Cappy had been evacuated.[4] Cappy became the first of the war dogs to be killed in action on Guam.[5] Of the 60 Marine war dogs that landed on Guam, 25 died there and 20 more were wounded.[6][7] MonumentAs the dogs died over the course of the battle, they were buried along with other Marines at Asan, the initial landing point of the invasion. White headstones were added later, forming a small plot in the cemetery. The human remains were eventually returned to the United States, and by the 1980s the dogs' graves had been largely forgotten and were overgrown with weeds.[8] William Putney, who had served as the commanding officer of the 3rd War Dog Platoon, lobbied for the creation of a memorial to the dogs and raised funds for the monument. The remains and markers were moved to a new cemetery on the naval base in June 1994 created by a Seabee detachment from NMCB 1.The memorial was dedicated on July 21, 1994, the 50th anniversary of the battle.[9] The sculpture atop the memorial depicts the famous Doberman, Cappy. Entitled "Always Faithful", in reference to the Marine Corps' own motto, Semper Fidelis, it was created by California sculptor Susan Bahary.[2][5][10] Other memorialsFort Benning has a memorial to war dogs at the National Infantry Museum, installed in 2004. An identical sculpture is at March Air Force Base in Riverside, California.[11]Replicas of the Guam memorial were installed at the following locations:
John Burnam, a dog handler during the Vietnam War, successfully raised funds for a war dog memorial at Lackland Air Force Base, where military dogs have been trained since 1958.[13] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://guam.stripes.com/travel/memorial-tells-rarely-heard-old-war-stories|title=Memorial tells rarely heard old war stories|publisher=Stripes Guam|date=January 9, 2011|author=Oscar Johnson}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.vet.utk.edu/wardog/biography.shtml|title=War Dog Memorial}} 3. ^{{cite journal|title=Leatherneck|volume=79|publisher=Marine Corps Institute|page=vii|year=1996}} 4. ^{{cite web|title="Always Faithful" Military Working Dog Monument Donated To Marine Corps Heritage Foundation|url=http://dpca.org/news/always-faithful-military-working-dog-monument-donated-to-marine-corps-heritage-foundation}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|title=Canine Commandos: The Heroism, Devotion, and Sacrifice of Dogs in War|author=Nigel Cawthorne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxEHZ_fPVEEC&pg=PA155&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=1612430554|page=155|year=2012}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|title=Cry Havoc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFi3WZiie80C&pg=PT52&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Nigel Allsop|isbn=1921655860}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Liberation: Marines in the Recapture of Guam|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003126-00/sec8.htm|publisher=National Park Service|author=Cyril J. O'Brien}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=War Dogs of Guam|publisher=New York Times|url=http://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/02/war-dogs-of-guam/|date=December 2, 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/npswapa/Guam/Texts/War%20Dogs.htm|title=War Dogs|publisher=National Park Service}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Always Faithful|url=http://www.baharystudios.com/faithful_dog_art/faithful_bronze_sculpture.php}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=War Dog Memorial|url=http://www.war-dogs.com/}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Always Faithful |url=https://baharystudios.com/art/always-faithful/ |website=Bahary Studios |accessdate=17 December 2018 |date=8 October 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web|title= The Dogs of War: California Sculptor Works on National Monument Commemorating Service of Military Dogs|url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/03/26/dogs-war-california-sculptor-works-national-monument-commemorating-service-military-dogs|publisher=Today Media Network|author=John Lindblom|date=March 26, 2013}} External links{{Find a Grave|grid=14798700|name=War Dog Memorial}} 8 : 1944 in Guam|History of Guam|World War II memorials in the United States|Buildings and structures in Guam|Dog monuments|1994 establishments in Guam|Animals of the United States Marine Corps|United States Marine Corps memorials |
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