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词条 National War Memorial (India)
释义

  1. Architecture and design

  2. Timeline

  3. See also

  4. References

{{use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}{{use Indian English|date=February 2016}}{{Infobox museum
| name = National War Memorial
| architect = Yogesh Chandrahasan, WeBe Design Lab, Chennai
| logo =
| image =
| caption = Conceptual aerial view of the memorial
| alt = National War Memorial
| map_type =
| former_name =
| established = 25 February 2019
| location = India Gate Circle, New Delhi, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.612772|77.233053|format=dms}}
| type = Memorial
| website = [https://www.nationalwarmemorial.gov.in/Default.php Official government website of the National War Memorial]
}}

The National War Memorial is a monument constructed by the Government of India in the vicinity of the India Gate, New Delhi, to honour its Armed Forces. The memorial is spread over 40 acres and is made around the existing chhatri (canopy) near India Gate.[1] The memorial wall is flushed with the ground and in harmony with existing aesthetics.[2] Names of martyrs killed in wars in 1947–48, 1961 (Goa), 1962 (China), 1965, 1971, 1987 (Siachen), 1987-88 (Sri Lanka), 1999 (Kargil), and other operations such as Operation Rakshak, are inscribed on the memorial walls.[3] A War Museum will be also constructed in the adjoining Princess Park area. The Princess Park, is a 14-acres area north of India Gate, with barrack-type accommodation, built during World War II, which since 1947 has served as family accommodation for mid level armed forces officers posted in Service Headquarters in New Delhi.[4] The proposed National War Museum and the National War Memorial will be connected by a subway. The War Memorial and Museum are expected to cost ₹500 crore (US$70 million).[5]

Architecture and design

A global design competition was conducted and the result was announced in early April 2017. Chennai-based architects, WeBe Design Lab's proposal was declared the winner for the National War memorial and was accordingly chosen for the conceptualization of the architectural design and for coordinating the construction of the project.[6] The chief architect of the National War Memorial is Ar. Yogesh Chandrahasan of WeBe Design Lab, Chennai. Yogesh Chandrahasan who designed the project said:[7]

{{Quote|text=“The whole concept is based on the thought that the war memorial should be a place where we don’t mourn death, but celebrate the life of the soldiers and pay respect to the sacrifices made by them.”|sign=|source=}}

The National War memorial and Museum was designated as Special Project. The task to ensure its "timely execution" was allocated to a special project division, which is under Chief administrative Officer, Ministry of Defence. The task was also been entrusted with the Military Engineer Services.[8]

The Memorial has five concentric circles, a central obelisk under which is an "eternal flame" representing the immortal soldier (amar jawan).[1][9] The concentric circles are called:

  • Amar Chakra (Circle of Immortality)
  • Veerta Chakra (Circle of Bravery)
  • Tyag Chakra (Circle of Sacrifice)
  • Rakshak Chakra (Circle of Protection)

These four concentric circles are designed as a Chakravyuh, an ancient Indian war formation.[10]

The Param Yodha Sthal has the busts of 21 recipients of the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military honour.[1]

Timeline

  • 1960 - Armed forces first proposes a National War Memorial.[3]
  • 2006 - In the face of persistent demand from the armed forces and armed forces veterans for a national war memorial in the India Gate area, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government constituted Group of Ministers' (GoM) headed by Pranab Mukherjee (before he became the President) to examine the demand for a National War Memorial.[11] In 2006 the Defence Ministry decided that the war memorial should be set up in the vicinity of India Gate. But panels under the Ministry of Urban Development said the area is a heritage area and should not be built upon.[12]
  • 20 October 2012 - After 50 years, the government decided to mark the anniversary of the offensive by China's PLA formations from bases in Tibet, against Indian border defences, on 20 October 1962, by a solemn ceremony at the Amar Jawan Jyoti, to honour Indian soldiers killed in the 1962 war. At the ceremony attended by chiefs of the armed forces, AK Antony, the Defenses Minister, announced that the Government has conceded the long-standing demand of the Indian Armed Forces for a National War Memorial and that a national war memorial will be built at India Gate. He added that the group of ministers has cleared all outstanding issues on the matter and the armed forces will finally get their wish.[13][14] The Chief Minister of Delhi, Sheila Dikshit, opposed the GoM's recommendation to construct a war memorial in the vicinity of the India Gate .[11]
  • February 2014 - In the build-up to the 2014 Lok Sabha elections Narendra Modi spoke about how previous government had failed to construct the war memorial.[15]
  • 7 October 2015 - Cabinet passed the proposal to build the war memorial. Clears Rs 500 crore for the memorial and museum. Sanctions Rs 176 crore for the memorial.[16]
  • May 2016 - The Union Cabinet, was apprised of the decision taken by the Empowered Apex Steering Committee (EASC) that Princess Park Complex would be the suitable site for construction of the National War Museum. As regards the National War Memorial the same would be constructed at ‘C’ Hexagon of India Gate as approved by the Cabinet in its meeting held in October, 2015.[17]
  • 30 August 2016 - A global design competition for the NWM and museum launched on MyGov.in web portal.[18]
  • April 2017 - Result of the global design competition announced. Mumbai based sP+a Studio's proposal won the design for the national war museum. Chennai based WeBe Design Lab's proposal declared the winner for the memorial.[15] A total of 427 submissions were received for the "Global Design Competition for National War Memorial" while a total of 268 submissions were received for the "Global Architectural Competition for Indian National War Museum".[19][20] The jury was led by architect and planner Christopher Benninger.[1]
  • 15 August 2018 - NWM misses first deadline for inauguration.[3]
  • 1 January 2019 - National War Memorial construction complete (not the museum).[3][21]
  • 25 February 2019 - The National War Memorial was inaugurated on 25 February 2019.[22]

See also

{{Commons category|National War Memorial (India)}}
  • National War Memorial Southern Command
  • National Police Memorial

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-indias-national-war-memorial-5600880/|title=Explained: India’s National War Memorial|last=Baruah|first=Sukrita|date=26 February 2019|website=The Indian Express|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-02}}
2. ^{{cite web|last1=Gokhale|first1=Nitin A.|title=Fulfilling a sacred contract with the soldier|url=http://nitinagokhale.blogspot.in/2014/07/fulfilling-sacred-contract-with-soldier.html|website=News Warrior|accessdate=28 August 2014|date=11 July 2014}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/war-museum-ready-60-yrs-after-it-was-first-proposed/articleshow/67330108.cms|title=Delhi: War memorial ready, 60 years after it was first proposed|last=Pandit|first=Rajat|date=1 January 2019|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103074259/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com//city/delhi/war-museum-ready-60-yrs-after-it-was-first-proposed/articleshow/67330108.cms?|archive-date=3 January 2019|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-30}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/budget-2015/union-budget-2015/Budget-2014-India-to-finally-get-a-national-war-memorial-Modi-govt-allocates-Rs-100cr/articleshow/38146054.cms|title=Budget 2014: India to finally get a national war memorial, Modi govt allocates Rs 100cr - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-02-25}}
5. ^{{cite web | title = In Delhi, Army loses Lutyens territory; govt plans to build war museum, apartments in Princess Park - Economic Times | url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-21/news/36463001_1_war-museum-prime-land-land-authority |date=21 January 2013|accessdate = 2014-08-25 }}
6. ^https://thewire.in/urban/national-war-museum-delhi-india-gate
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/war-memorial-near-india-gate-to-be-completed-by-independence-day/story-qZ8pbJlRx1geUs2i9eCtkK.html|title=War memorial near India Gate to be completed by Independence Day|last=Das Gupta|first=Moushumi|date=28 April 2018|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-04}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.caomod.nic.in/About_us/Duties.HTM#spl|title=Charter of Duties|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Ministry of Defence|access-date=22 November 2016}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/1497810/national-war-memorial-indias-tribute-to-her-war-heroes-see-stunning-pics/|title=National War Memorial: India’s tribute to her war heroes, see stunning pics|last=Siddiqui|first=Huma|date=25 February 2019|website=The Financial Express|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-02}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/are-you-looking-for-someone-you-lost-maam-they-asked-my-mother-at-national-war-memorial/200744/|title=Are you looking for someone you lost, Ma’am? They asked my mother at National War Memorial|last=Yadav|first=Namrata|date=3 March 2019|work=The Print|access-date=4 March 2019}}
11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/blog-national-war-memorial-an-unrealised-dream-306013|title=National war memorial - an unrealised dream|last1=Nitin Gokhale|first=|date=16 December 2012|website=NDTV|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828071215/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/blog-national-war-memorial-an-unrealised-dream-507656|archive-date=28 August 2018|dead-url=|accessdate=21 August 2014}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/ministry-seeks-new-war-memorial/story-uw8xt2V3vlqU36rbmcodNI.html|title=Ministry seeks new war memorial|last=P Sharma|first=Aruna|date=5 December 2006|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-30}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=In a first, nation pays homage to martyrs of 1962 Indo-China war|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/in-a-first-nation-pays-homage-to-martyrs-of-1962-indo-china-war-497160.html|accessdate=28 August 2014|agency=PTI|publisher=First Post|date=20 October 2012}}
14. ^http://www.newsx.com
15. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/urban/national-war-museum-delhi-india-gate|title=National War Memorial Takes Shape Six Decades After Being Conceived|last=Bhatnagar|first=Gaurav Vivek|date=21 April 2018|website=The Wire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130125759/https://thewire.in/urban/national-war-museum-delhi-india-gate|archive-date=30 January 2019|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-30}}
16. ^{{citation |title=Cabinet clears Rs. 500 crore for National War Memorial |url=http://thehindu.com/news/national/cabinet-clears-rs-500-crore-for-war-memorial-museum-for-postindependence-martyrs/article7734542.ece |work=The Hindu |date=7 October 2015 }}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=145426|title=Site for construction of National War Memorial and National War Museum - Press Information Bureau|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-08-27}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=149341|title=Global Design Competition for National War Memorial and Museum|last=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Defence|first=|date=|website=Press Information Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130125537/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=149341|archive-date=30 January 2019|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-30}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://mygov.in/task/global-architectural-competition-indian-national-war-museum/|title=Global Architectural Competition for Indian National War Museum|date=2016-08-19|website=MyGov.in|language=en|access-date=2019-01-30}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://mygov.in/task/global-design-competition-national-war-memorial/|title=Global Design Competition for National War Memorial|date=2016-08-19|website=MyGov.in|language=en|access-date=2019-01-30}}
21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/governance/national-war-memorial-to-honour-22600-soldiers-set-for-r-day-eve-inauguration/174241/|title=National War Memorial to honour 22,600 soldiers set for R-Day eve inauguration|last=Alex Philip|first=Snehesh|date=7 January 2019|work=The Print|access-date=30 January 2019}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/national-war-memorial-to-be-finally-inaugurated-this-month/articleshow/67821313.cms|title=National War Memorial to be finally inaugurated this month|last=Pandit|first=Rajat|date=3 February 2019|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203190904/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/national-war-memorial-to-be-finally-inaugurated-this-month/articleshow/67821313.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=3 February 2019|dead-url=|access-date=3 February 2019}}
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