| 词条 | Spartium |
| 释义 |
|image = Spartium junceum (habitus).jpg | image_width = 200px |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Fabales |familia = Fabaceae |subfamilia = Faboideae |tribus = Genisteae[1] |genus = Spartium |genus_authority = L. |species = S. junceum |binomial = Spartium junceum |binomial_authority = L. |synonyms =
}} Spartium junceum, commonly known as Spanish broom[2] or weaver's broom, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is the sole species in the genus Spartium,[3][4][5] but is closely related to the other brooms in the genera Cytisus and Genista. There are many binomials in Spartium that are of dubious validity (see below). The Latin specific epithet junceum means "rush-like", referring to the shoots, which show a passing resemblance to those of the rush genus Juncus.[6] Distribution and habitatThis species is native to the Mediterranean in southern Europe, southwest Asia and northwest Africa,[7] where it is found in sunny sites, usually on dry, sandy soils. DescriptionS. junceum is a vigorous, deciduous shrub growing to {{convert|2|-|4|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall, rarely {{convert|5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, with main stems up to {{convert|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} thick, rarely {{convert|10|cm|0|abbr=on}}. It has thick, somewhat succulent grey-green rush-like shoots with very sparse small deciduous leaves 1 to 3 cm long and up to 4 mm broad. The leaves are of little importance to the plant, with much of the photosynthesis occurring in the green shoots (a water-conserving strategy in its dry climate). The leaves fall away early.[8] In late spring and summer shoots are covered in profuse fragrant yellow pea-like flowers 1 to 2 cm across. In late summer, the legumes (seed pods) mature black and reach {{convert|8|-|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} long. They burst open, often with an audible crack, spreading seed from the parent plant. Invasive speciesSpartium junceum has been widely introduced into other areas, and is regarded as a noxious invasive species in places with a Mediterranean climate such as California and Oregon, Hawaii, central Chile, southeastern Australia, the Western Cape in South Africa and the Canary Islands and Azores.[7][9] It was first introduced to California as an ornamental plant.[9][10]UsesThe plant is used as an ornamental plant in gardens and in landscape plantings. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[11][12] In Bolivia and Peru, the plant is known as retama,[7] (not to be confused with the genus Retama) and has become very well established in some areas. It is one of the most common ornamental plants, often seen growing along sidewalks in La Paz.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Retama has made its way into the ethnobotany of the indigenous Aymara and Quechua cultures.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} The plant is also used as a flavoring, and for its essential oil, known as genet absolute.[7][13] Its fibers have been used for cloth and it produces a yellow dye.[13][14] GalleryNomina dubiaThe status of the following species is unresolved:[5] {{div col|colwidth=18em}}
References1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629913002585 | journal = S Afr J Bot | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 }} 2. ^{{PLANTS|id=SPJU2|taxon=Spartium junceum|accessdate=24 November 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Spartium&species~ | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Spartium | author = | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | accessdate = 15 April 2014 }} 4. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11329 | title = GRIN species records of Spartium | author = USDA | author-link = USDA | author2 = ARS | author2-link = Agricultural Research Service | author3 = National Genetic Resources Program | date = | website = Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland | accessdate = 15 April 2014 }} 5. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Leguminosae/Spartium/ | title = The Plant List entry for Spartium | year = 2013 | website = The Plant List | publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden | accessdate = 15 April 2014 }} 6. ^{{cite book | title = A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants | year = 2008 | publisher = Dorling Kindersley in association with the Royal Horticultural Society | location = London, United Kingdom | isbn = 1405332964 | pages = 1136 }} 7. ^1 2 3 {{GRIN | accessdate = 17 December 2017}} 8. ^Jepson Manual Treatment 9. ^1 US Forest Service Fire Ecology 10. ^Element Stewardship: S. junceum 11. ^{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - Spartium junceum|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1866|accessdate=4 June 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 99 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 16 November 2018}} 13. ^1 FAO 14. ^botanical.com External links
7 : Genisteae|Monotypic Fabaceae genera|Flora of Western Asia|Flora of North Africa|Garden plants of Europe|Invasive plant species in the United States|Invasive plant species in South Africa |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。