词条 | NEST (software) |
释义 |
| name = NEST (Neural Simulation Tool) | logo = | screenshot = | author = Markus Diesmann, Marc-Oliver Gewaltig, Abigail Morrison, Hans Ekkehard Plesser | developer = The NEST Initiative | released = {{Start date|2004|08|01}} | latest release version = 2.16.0 | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2018|08|21}} | programming language = C++, Python, Cython | operating system = cross-platform | language = English | genre = Computational Neuroscience | license = GPLv2+ | website = {{url|www.nest-initiative.org}} }} NEST is a simulation software for spiking neural network models, including large-scale neuronal networks. NEST was initially developed by Markus Diesmann and Marc-Oliver Gewaltig and is now developed and maintained by the NEST Initiative. Modeling philosophyA NEST simulation tries to follow the logic of an electrophysiological experiment that takes place inside a computer with the difference, that the neural system to be investigated must be defined by the experimenter. The neural system is defined by a possibly large number of neurons and their connections. In a NEST network, different neuron and synapse models can coexist. Any two neurons can have multiple connections with different properties. Thus, the connectivity can in general not be described by a weight or connectivity matrix but rather as an adjacency list. To manipulate or observe the network dynamics, the experimenter can define so-called devices which represent the various instruments (for measuring and stimulation) found in an experiment. These devices write their data either to memory or to file. NEST is extensible and new models for neurons, synapses, and devices can be added. ExampleThe following example simulates spiking activity in a sparse random network with recurrent excitation and inhibition[1] The figure shows the spiking activity of 50 neurons as a raster plot. Time increases along the horizontal axis, neuron id increases along the vertical axis. Each dot corresponds to a spike of the respective neuron at a given time. The lower part of the figure shows a histogram with the mean firing-rate of the neurons. FeaturesNeuron models
Network models
Synapse models
Device models
Accuracy
Parallel and distributed simulation
Interoperability
HistoryNEST development was started in 1993 by Markus Diesmann and Marc-Oliver Gewaltig at the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. At this time, the simulator was called SYNOD and simulations were defined in a stack based simulation language, called SLI.[7] In 2001, the software changed its name from SYNOD to NEST. Until 2004, NEST was exclusively developed and used by the founding members of the NEST Initiative. The first public release appeared in summer 2004. Since then, NEST was released regularly, about once or twice per year. Since 2007, NEST supports hybrid parallelism, using POSIX threads and MPI.[5] In 2008, the stack-based simulation language SLI was superseded by a modern Python interface, however, the old simulation language is still used internally.[8] At the same time, the simulator independent specification language PyNN was developed with support for NEST.[9] In 2012, the NEST Initiative changed the license from the proprietary NEST License to GNU GPL V2 or later. User interfaces
See also
References1. ^Brunel, N. (2000). Dynamics of sparsely connected networks of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neurons. Journal of computational neuroscience, 8(3), 183–208. 2. ^Henker, S., Partzsch, J., & Schemmel, J. (2011). Accuracy evaluation of numerical methods used in state-of-the-art simulators for spiking neural networks. Journal of computational neuroscience. 3. ^Rotter S, Diesmann M (1999) Exact Digital Simulation of Time-Invariant Linear Systems with Applications to Neuronal Modeling Biological Cybernetics 81:381-402 4. ^Morrison A, Straube S, Plesser HE, Diesmann M (2007) Exact subthreshold integration with continuous spike times in discrete-time neural network simulations [https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.1.47 Neural Comput 19(1):47-79] 5. ^1 Plesser HE, Eppler JM, Morrison A, Diesmann M, Gewaltig MO (2007) Efficient parallel simulation of large-scale neuronal networks on clusters of multiprocessor computers In: [https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74466-5_71 Proc. of Euro-Par Parallel Processing 2007, Springer LNCS 4641:672-681] 6. ^Mikael Djurfeldt, Johannes Hjorth, Jochen M. Eppler, Niraj Dudani, Moritz Helias, Tobias C. Potjans, Upinder S. Bhalla, Markus Diesmann, Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski and Örjan Ekeberg (2010) Run-Time Interoperability Between Neuronal Network Simulators Based on the MUSIC Framework Neuroinformatics 8(1):43-60, DOI 10.1007/s12021-010-9064-z 7. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7KXmIv6ROY Video documentary on NEST] by the German Bernstein Network 8. ^Eppler, J. M., Helias, M., Diesmann, M., Muller, E., & Gewaltig, M.-O. (2008). PyNEST: a convenient interface to the NEST simulator. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 2(January), 1–12. doi:10.3389/neuro.11.012.2008 9. ^A. Davison, D. Brüderle, J. Eppler, J. Kremkow, E. Muller, D. Pecevski, L. Perrinet and P. Yger, PyNN: a common interface for neuronal network simulators, Front. Neuroinf. 2:11, 2009 External links
6 : Computational biology|Computational neuroscience|Simulation software|Scientific simulation software|Science software|Free science software |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。