“Speed 2: Cruise Control”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Speed 2: Cruise Control is a 1997 American action thriller film produced and directed by Jan de Bont, and written by Randall McCormick and Jeff Nathanson. It is a sequel to Speed (1994). The film stars Jason Patric, Willem Dafoe, and Sandra Bullock—the last reprising her role from Speed. The film was released by 20th Century Fox on June 13, 1997.

Cruise Control follows couple Annie (Bullock) and Alex (Patric) vacationing in the Caribbean aboard a luxury cruise ship, hijacked by a villain named Geiger (Dafoe). As they are trapped aboard the ship, Annie and Alex work with the ship's first officer to try to stop it after they discover it is programmed to crash into an oil tanker.

De Bont had the idea for the film after he had a recurring nightmare about a cruise ship crashing into an island. Speed star Keanu Reeves was initially supposed to reprise his role as Jack Traven for the sequel, but decided not to commit and was replaced by Patric before filming. Production took place aboard Seabourn Legend, the ship on which the film is set. The final scene, in which the ship crashes into the island of Saint Martin, cost almost a quarter of the budget, and set records as the largest and most expensive stunt ever filmed. Many interior scenes aboard the ship were shot on soundstages in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The soundtrack featured mostly reggae music. Mark Mancina returned to compose the film score, released as an album 13 years after the film's release.

Critical reception of the film was very negative. The acting, story and characters attracted the most criticism, as well as its setting on a slow-moving cruise ship, citing it as less thrilling than that of Speed on a fast-moving bus. Eminent critic Roger Ebert, though, prominently stood in defense of the film, calling it a "truly rousing ocean liner adventure story" only weakened by Bullock's acting. The film was also a financial disappointment, earning $164 million worldwide against a budget of $110 million. It was nominated for eight Golden Raspberry Awards, and won the award for Worst Remake or Sequel.

Plot

Alex Shaw is on a motorcycle chasing a vehicle with stolen goods. After he catches the driver of the vehicle, his girlfriend Annie runs into him during her driving test. She finds out that Alex is on the SWAT team after he lied and told her he was a beach officer. As an apology, Alex surprises her with a Caribbean cruise on Seabourn Legend.

Aboard the ship, passenger John Geiger hacks into the ship's computer system, and the following evening, he destroys the ship's communication systems and kills Captain Pollard. After remotely shutting down the ship's engines, Geiger calls the bridge to tell the first officer, Juliano, that Pollard is dead and he is in charge. Juliano is ordered by Geiger to evacuate the ship. Geiger steals jewelry from the ship's vault. As passengers evacuate, Drew, a young deaf girl, becomes trapped in an elevator, and a group of people become trapped behind locked fire doors in a hallway filling with smoke. As Annie and Alex attempt to board the last lifeboat, Geiger programs the ship to continue sailing. The winch lowering the lifeboat jams. Alex jumps into the boat to rescue the passengers who are falling off, and Annie and Juliano use the ship's gangplank to get them back on deck.

Alex realizes Geiger is controlling the ship. Armed with skeet guns, he goes with Juliano to Geiger's cabin. Geiger remotely detonates explosives inside the room. Annie and Dante, the ship's photographer, notice the people trapped behind the fire doors, and Annie uses a chainsaw to cut the door open and let them out. Meanwhile, Alex orders the navigator, Merced, to flood the ship and slow it down by opening the ballast doors. As the ship floods, Alex sees Drew on a monitor after she climbs out of the elevator, and runs to save her. Alex notices Geiger leaving the vault and holds him at gunpoint, but he escapes by closing the fire door in front of him. Using the ship's intercom, Geiger explains that he designed the ship's autopilot system and is taking revenge against the cruise line after being fired when he got sick from copper poisoning. Geiger again escapes from Alex by attaching a grenade to a door.

The crew notice that Geiger has set the ship to crash into an oil tanker off the coast of Saint Martin. Alex decides to stop the ship by diving underneath it and jamming the propeller with a steel cable. Geiger realizes Alex is trying to stop the ship, so he jams the cable winch while Alex is underwater, causing it to break off the ship and free the cable. Geiger takes Annie hostage and escapes with her on a boat from the ship's stern.

To avoid collision with the oil tanker, Alex and Dante go into the ship's bilge and use the bow thrusters to turn it. The ship screeches down the side of the tanker, but manages to withstand the damage, and heads straight into a marina. It then crashes into a Saint Martin town and eventually stops. Alex jumps off to rescue Annie and hijacks a speed boat. Geiger takes Annie into a seaplane. Alex shoots at it from the boat with a speargun and reels himself in through the water. He climbs onto the plane and rescues Annie, and both escape from the plane on one of its floats, which falls onto the ocean. Geiger loses control of the plane and crashes into the oil tanker, causing it to explode. The tanker crew however are safe, having launched their lifeboat just in time. Annie and Alex travel back to shore in the speed boat, and he gives her an engagement ring, asking her if she will "wear it for a while", and she accepts.

Cast

Main cast

Seabourn Legend crew

Cruise passengers

Additional cast

Production

Background and writing

Hundreds of ideas for a sequel were submitted to De Bont, all of which he turned down in favor of his own idea, based on a recurring nightmare he experienced about a cruise ship crashing into an island.^[17]^[10] Speed screenwriter Graham Yost had an idea for a film involving a boat, with a Vietnam War-era vessel loaded with weapons that would explode if its ammunition came in contact with water. He also had an idea for a story about a plane that has to fly through the Andes mountains, but cannot ascend above {{convert|10000|ft|m}}.^[11] Neither Yost nor Speed producer Mark Gordon were asked to participate in the sequel, although Yost received a "characters created by" credit and Gordon was credited as executive producer for Speed 2.^[12] Randall McCormick was hired to write the sequel in 1994 and received a story credit along with De Bont.^[9] McCormick and Jeff Nathanson collectively wrote the screenplay, working back from the idea based on De Bont's nightmare.^[22] Prior to production, details about the film were kept secret, and De Bont refused to confirm rumors about the film taking place on a ship,^[23] although he did state that the sequel would be "funnier",^[13] while Speed 2 star Jason Patric said the sequel is a "very complex movie" and would have "bigger sequences."^[14]

Casting

Bullock initially declined to star in the sequel,^[20] but later agreed to get financial backing for the drama film Hope Floats (1998); she was paid a reported $11–$13 million to reprise her role as Annie.^[21]^[10] Reeves was offered $12 million to reprise his role as Jack Traven, but turned it down because he did not like the script, was financially secure from the success of Speed,^[22] and felt he was not "ready to mentally and physically" star in another action film after having completed Chain Reaction (1996). He passed on the role to star in the horror film The Devil's Advocate (1997), which was filmed at the same time as Speed 2, and subsequently toured with his band, Dogstar. Reeves said that Fox was "furious" with his decision and released "propaganda" against him, falsely claiming that he turned down the role to tour with his band.^[23] De Bont said that the character in the sequel was not specific to Reeves and could be played by any young actor, as long as he had chemistry with Bullock.^[38]

Many actors were considered to replace Reeves including: Simon Baker Denny,^[24] Jon Bon Jovi,^[25] Patrick Muldoon,^[41] Johnathon Schaech,^[42] Christian Slater,^[26] and Billy Zane.^[27] Bullock initially suggested Matthew McConaughey,^[28] who passed on the role,^[29] prompting her to suggest Jason Patric, with whom she had wanted to work since seeing his performance in After Dark, My Sweet (1990). De Bont was skeptical of featuring a relatively unknown actor such as Patric, but was reminded by the studio that Bullock and Reeves were also relatively unknown prior to Speed,^[30] and chose Patric based on his role in Sleepers (1996).^[31] Patric was paid a reported $4.5–$8 million for his role in Speed 2 and used his salary to finance a 1998 drama, Your Friends & Neighbors.^[32]^[21] After accepting the role, Patric stated that he never saw Speed or had any intentions of seeing it;^[33] Reeves said he was looking forward to seeing Patric star in the sequel.^[34] After Reeves declined to appear in Speed 2, the screenplay was rewritten to remove his character from the story, which De Bont wanted to deal with early in the film.^[35] His absence is explained in the first scene, where Annie talks about how her relationship with Jack did not work out, and mentions her current relationship with Alex (Patric), before his character is introduced in the film.^[36]

Comedian Royale Watkins was hired by De Bont for the part of Dante after discovering Watkins performing at a comedy club.^[41] Glenn Plummer was cast as a character named Maurice whose boat is hijacked by Alex, reprising his role from Speed as a Jaguar owner whose car is hijacked by Jack.^[60]^[42] To add comic relief, De Bont cast comedian Tim Conway as Annie's driving instructor, and hoped it would be a comeback role for him.^[43]^[44] Singer Tamia was cast as Sheri, an entertainer on the ship, because De Bont wanted a singer who could also act.^[64] She did not plan on doing any film acting that early in her career, as she had yet to release her debut album, but said the part was "too perfect for [her] to resist."^[45] Joe Morton reprised his role from Speed as SWAT lieutenant "Mac" in an uncredited cameo appearance in the beginning of the film.^[46]

Filming

For the climactic scene when the ship crashes into an island, De Bont wanted to create and destroy an actual town. He opted against miniature scale models or computer-generated imagery (CGI) to provide a sense of realism for the actors and the audience. A $5 million, 35-building set was constructed in Marigot, Saint Martin based on the town's local architecture, which temporarily housed production offices.^[22]^[55]^[59] Despite De Bont's reason for choosing Saint Martin for filming, a hurricane struck the town and destroyed the set during construction. It had to be rebuilt with hurricane-proof buildings.^[85] Exteriors of the bow mockup on the bridge ship were used in the first part of the scene when the Seabourn Legend is crashing into sailboats in the harbor; the bridge ship was used in place of the actual Seabourn Legend, as the latter could not navigate the harbor's shallow waters.^[56] The captain of the bridge ship had great difficulty hitting the sailboats during filming, despite cameras placed on the boats for the captain to view.^[17] A second mockup was constructed for the latter part of the scene, which featured a {{convert|150|ft|m|adj=on}} long replica of the Seabourn Legend{{'s}} bow. This mockup, referred to as the "rail ship",^[55] weighed {{convert|300|ST|MT}}, and sat atop a set of wheels along a {{convert|1000|ft|m|adj=mid|long}} track built {{convert|60|ft|m}} underwater.^[60]

Filming the final scene with the rail ship was initially delayed because it could not be hoisted onto the track because of large waves caused by the hurricane.^[33] The scene was filmed using 14 cameras,^[85] with the rail ship traveling {{convert|50|ft|m}} at a time into the set, with debris from the destruction cleared between each take.^[61] The mockup was powered by four diesel engines and pulled by a large chain at a speed of {{convert|18|mph|km/h}}.^[59] The scene's three planned collisions were aided by explosives and hydraulics to ensure the set's structures collapsed precisely. Concrete was also removed from the buildings and replaced with sand-coated balsa wood so the buildings would "crumble" more effectively after being hit by the rail ship.^[59] In the scene's final shot, it had to stop successfully within a {{convert|6|in|cm|adj=on}} area on the first take.^[59] The five-minute scene cost $25 million to produce, roughly one quarter of the film's entire budget,^[60] and set records as both the largest and the most expensive stunt ever filmed.^[55]^[62]

The underwater scene where Alex swims underneath the ship was filmed in the Tongue of the Ocean off the coast of New Providence in the Bahamas. The location was chosen due to its water clarity, however, after viewing dailies of the scene, De Bont felt the water was too clear, so it was reshot with divers above the camera dusting the area in front of the lens with sediment to alter the clarity of the footage.^[63] The scene was filmed underneath a propeller-less barge that was designed to resemble the Seabourn Legend. To provide a sense of velocity in the scene, the barge was towed by tugboats at one and a half knots. The production crew did not have a winch system available for the underwater shoot as depicted in the scene, so a pulley system was created by feeding Patric a rope that was attached to the axle of a car that drove along the barge.^[64]

Instead of using stunt doubles, De Bont persuaded Bullock, Patric, and Dafoe to perform their own stunts, so the scenes would appear more realistic; the lead actors were required to engage in physical exercise sessions before and during filming.^[101] Stunt coordinator Dick Ziker was very impressed with Patric's stuntwork, and said that he "is so physical he probably could be one of the top stunt men in the world."^[56] His stunts included being dragged by a seaplane through the water, jumping onto collapsing buildings, and scuba diving while pulled by a moving ship. He was also required to tread water for multiple hours at a time.^[65] During a motorcycle stunt on a Ducati 916 on the second day of filming, Patric flew off the bike {{convert|30|ft|m|sigfig=1}} into the air and landed on a small bush; Bullock said the incident was so serious that Patric "should be dead."^[66]^[54] After surviving a traumatic surfing incident as a teenager, Bullock had to overcome her fear of water to perform necessary stuntwork in the film.^[33] During production at sea, Bullock was smacked into the ship on multiple occasions, and was saved by Patric from decapitation by the ship's rudder in one scene.^[54] Bullock and Patric also had a scene filmed in an underwater tank where they had to kiss underwater with Bullock's hands tied together. Navy SEALs with scuba gear were present inside the tank during shooting, as the actors had to hold their breath during the scene.^[55] According to Bullock, she performed all of her own stuntwork "except for a quarter of one stunt";^[67] her stunt double worked for only three days during production.^[56] Of all the stunt-related incidents during production, De Bont said the most frightening was when a stunt woman was hit in the face by a boat cable and required reconstructive surgery.^[68] Following the production at sea, De Bont said that filming on water "was 100 percent more difficult than [he] imagined."^[69]

Music

Score

Composer Mark Mancina wrote the film score for Speed 2 having previously composed the scores for Speed and Twister. He started composing the music in March 1997 and it was recorded at the end of April. He began by creating themes and melodies, then worked them into the film where he felt they would fit.^[113] The score includes a reworking of the 20th Century Fox fanfare, in which the final chord is sustained and "slithers down" into the opening theme, while the studio logo fades into a traveling shot of the ocean on screen. Fox was initially hesitant to feature an altered version of their fanfare, but allowed the alteration after being convinced by De Bont and hearing it performed by an orchestra.^[70]

Specific action cues were scored on the piano down to each second of film. Noting how the film was set in the Caribbean and had a different, slower pace than Speed, Mancina gave the score a "Jamaican/Latin feel" by incorporating reggae music between action sequences.^[116]^[113] The reggae music was written to give the feel of being on vacation and serve as a love theme for the characters.^[70] Some themes from Speed were included in the score between sections of the newly written material. He wrote new themes for Annie and Alex because he felt the original themes written for Reeves' character would not work well with Patric. After viewing the scene where Geiger attaches leeches to his body to cleanse his blood, Mancina felt the scene was "so gross" that he wrote a "slimy theme" for the character, which is distinctively different from the rest of the music.^[113] He mixed the score at the same time the film was being edited,^[71] which meant the music had to be constantly re-edited into the film. During the scoring of Speed 2, Mancina said in an interview that keeping up with the editing of the film was the "hardest thing [he had] ever done."^[113]

Over 100 minutes of score are present in Speed 2, more than Mancina wrote for Speed and Twister combined.^[113] After the score was written, he created a demo of the entire score on a synthesizer to play for De Bont. While the score for Speed only used strings, French horns, and percussion, Speed 2 used a wider variety of instruments including trombones, large woodwinds, bass clarinets, and contrabassoons. The score was recorded by a 96-person orchestra, including Mancina, who performed on a classical guitar on several cues. The reggae music featured a band with steel drums, in addition to Cuban drums and Latin percussion. De Bont wanted 16 steel drum players, but due to a lack of available players, Mancina used eight drums which were double-tracked.^[70]

Mancina's score was not initially released on CD to avoid competition with sales of the soundtrack album. De Bont made a deal with Virgin Records that it could not be released until at least six months after the release of the soundtrack.^[72] The score was not officially released until June 2010, when it was sold by La-La Land Records as a 3000-unit limited edition album.^[73] The album features 70 minutes of music across 14 tracks and, according to La-La Land, it also features a "notable amount of music" that was not used in the film, due to the constant re-edits prior to its release date.^[70] Daniel Schweiger of Film Music Magazine said that Mancina's score was "arguably a better one than Speed", praising the album's "thrilling themes", "epic orchestrations", and "Jamaican-style grooves."^[74] Filmtracks.com gave the release four out of five stars, saying the album was "perhaps [La-La Land's] finest offering of a previously unreleased score", although it also stated that "some of the action and suspense material in the latter half of the score becomes a bit generic."^[75]

Soundtrack

To complement the film's Caribbean setting, the soundtrack consists of mostly reggae music.^[76] De Bont wanted musicians to appear in the film as entertainers on the cruise ship. A cameo appearance for reggae band UB40 was written into the script after the filmmakers heard a demo of their song "Tell Me Is It True", and wanted them to perform it in the film.^[77] Brazilian reggae musician Carlinhos Brown was also chosen to be featured as a performer on the ship because De Bont wanted music that was "lively" and felt that Brown's music was "full of energy."^[55] Tamia worked with De Bont and producer Quincy Jones to choose a song for her character to perform in the film, and selected "Make Tonight Beautiful",^[55] which was written by Diane Warren.^[78]

In addition to UB40 and Brown, the soundtrack features reggae music from: Jimmy Cliff, Common Sense, Maxi Priest, Shaggy, Rayvon, and Betty Wright. Mark Mancina wrote a techno track for the soundtrack based on his film score,^[72] titled "Speed TK Re-mix", performed by Japanese musician Tetsuya "TK" Komuro.^[79] Other songs recorded specifically for the soundtrack include Priest's cover of "The Tide Is High" and Cliff's re-recording of his 1972 song "You Can Get It If You Really Want".^[80]^[81] The Speed 2: Cruise Control soundtrack album was released by Virgin Records on May 20, 1997, about one month before the film's release. The album features 12 songs, all of which are featured in the film; five of them were released as singles.^[71]

Reception

Rotten Tomatoes reported a 4% approval score and an average score of 3.4/10 based on 69 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Speed 2 falls far short of its predecessor, thanks to laughable dialogue, thin characterization, unsurprisingly familiar plot devices, and action sequences that fail to generate any excitement."^[93] Website Metacritic rated the film "generally unfavorable" based on 22 reviews, with an average score of 23/100.^[94] Time said that Patric's character was "fundamentally uninteresting", but blamed De Bont and the screenwriters for "not providing their actors with stuff to act."^[95] Many critics stated that a major issue with the film was the lack of thrills due to the setting on the slow-moving ship. Entertainment Weekly heavily criticized the lack of story and said the film is "as slow-moving as a garbage scow."^[96] According to the Los Angeles Times, even children who saw the film felt it was strange that it took place on a ship "not capable of going more than a few knots per hour [sic]", and claimed that Speed was "much more logical."^[97]

It is also considered to be one of the worst film sequels of all time, and many publications have placed Speed 2 on their lists of the worst film sequels. Complex ranked the film first on a list of The 50 Worst Sequels of All Time, calling it "one of the worst 'event' movies ever conceived", while praising Reeves' choice not to return for the sequel, and referring to Patric as "wooden and woefully miscast."^[98] In 2010, New York film critic David Edelstein featured an article on Speed 2 that described it as the "Worst Sequel of All", mainly due to the film's explanation for the absence of Reeves' character.^[99] In addition to being ranked among the worst sequels, Empire ranked the film at number 24 on its list of The 50 Worst Movies Ever.^[100]

Bullock has since regretted starring in the film, and stated that the script was to blame for the negative reception of the film.^[101] She stated she had doubts about its success during production and "knew it was going to be a big flop" once she saw the final product.^[102] Patric also admitted "it wasn't a good movie" and said that its lack of success was due to de Bont's directing, while praising Bullock and the rest of the film's crew.^[103] Mark Gordon and Graham Yost stated they felt "bitter and happy" after initially not being asked to be involved in Speed 2, then seeing that the film was unsuccessful.^[12]

Despite the overwhelming negative reviews, the film did receive some positive feedback. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times and Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune both gave Speed 2 three out of four stars,^[104]^[105] two of the film's three positive reviews included on Rotten Tomatoes.^[93] On their film review TV series Siskel & Ebert, they collectively gave Speed 2 a positive rating of "Two Thumbs Up", calling it a "truly rousing ocean liner adventure story", although Ebert criticized Bullock's more limited role in the sequel while Patric "stole all the action sequences."^[106] Since his original review, Ebert claimed that he enjoyed Speed 2 more than Bullock,^[107]^[108]^[109] and wrote an article in 2013 that his favorable review of the film "inspired more disbelief" than any other he had written and was frequently cited as an example of him being a poor film critic.^[110] At the Conference on World Affairs in 1999, Ebert spoke about the difficulty of making films such as Speed 2 and defended his review by offering a "Speed 3" contest for anyone to create a five-minute short film that takes place on something that cannot stop moving.^[110]

Release and box office

During its opening weekend, Speed 2 was shown on 2,615 screens and grossed $16.2 million. Despite the negative reviews, it ranked at number one in the box office, grossing just $500,000 more than Con Air in second place.^[120] Box office sales for Speed 2 dropped 54 percent the following weekend, grossing only $7.8 million and ranking at number five.^[121]

The film grossed only $48 million in the United States, and had a total gross of $164.5 million worldwide.^[122] Moviefone and Time have both ranked the film among the biggest box office bombs of all time.^[123]^[124]

Razzie Awards

The film received eight Razzie Award nominations out of 12 possible categories at the 18th Golden Raspberry Awards, and had the second-highest number that year following Batman and Robin (1997), which had 11 nominations. Speed 2 won the award for "Worst Remake or Sequel", but lost the award for "Worst Picture" to The Postman (1997).^[125]

Legacy

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members//catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=61479|title=Speed 2: Cruise Control|work=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|accessdate=July 26, 2017}}
2. ^{{cite news|last=Dutka|first=Elaine|title=Water Whirl|work = Los Angeles Times|publisher=Tribune Company|date=February 16, 1997|url=http://articles.latimes.com/print/1997-02-16/entertainment/ca-29118_1_water-cooler|accessdate=January 18, 2011|quote=De Bont acknowledges that the movie came in over budget but shoots down reports that the original $100 million has soared into the $135-million to $160-million range. The movie is on schedule, he says. It's not out of control. When the movie wraps at the end of this month, it should come in "close to $110 million"--providing nothing untoward erupts.}}
3. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/print/1997-01-28/business/fi-22792_1_century-fox|title=Fox Is Betting Big That 'Speed 2' Is a Runaway Success|date=January 28, 1997|accessdate=July 3, 2013|work=Los Angeles Times}}
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6. ^{{cite journal|title=Lightning Speed|first=Melina|last=Gerosa|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,302227,00.html|date=May 13, 1994|issue=222|accessdate=March 20, 2012|journal=Entertainment Weekly}}
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9. ^¹{{cite journal|title=Murray as in 'Veeck{{'-}}|first=Michael|last=Fleming|date=December 13, 1994|work=Daily Variety}}
10. ^¹²{{cite news|title=Is Jason up to Speed?|work=Sunday Mail|date=April 27, 1997|first=J.|last=Jameson|page=69}}
11. ^{{cite journal|title=That Sinkin' Feeling|work=Empire|date=June 2010|issue=252|page=107}}
12. ^¹{{cite AV media|people=Yost, Graham; Gordon, Mark|title=Speed|publisher=20th Century Fox Home Entertainment|medium=DVD audio commentary|date=2002}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=Shooting the breeze|first=Matthew|last=Gilbert|date=July 20, 1996|work=The Irish Times|page=12 (supplement)}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Speed 2 plot big secret|author=Southam News|work=The Ottawa Citizen|page=C11|date=August 16, 1996|authorlink=Postmedia News}}
15. ^{{cite press release|title=Jan De Bont's Blue Tulip Productions expands deal with Fox producer Michael Peyser Partners|publisher=Business Wire|date=October 8, 1996}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/14/movies/hurtling-to-the-top-a-director-is-born.html|title=Hurtling to the Top: A Director Is Born|first=Bernard|last=Weintraub|work=The New York Times|date=June 14, 1994|accessdate=July 3, 2013}}
17. ^¹{{cite news|title=Behind the scenes: Blown away|first=Mal|last=Vincent|work=The Virginian-Pilot|date=May 9, 1996|page=E1}}
18. ^{{cite journal|title={{-'}}Twister' could funnel up $100 million in 11 days|date=May 15, 1996|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}
19. ^{{cite news|title=Seabourn speeds into film|first=Wallace|last=Immen|work=The Globe and Mail|date=June 14, 1997|page=F4}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Sandra catches up with Speed|work=Evening Standard|date=January 12, 1996|page=7}}
21. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.amc.com/talk/2008/06/hope-floats-sandra-bullock|title=How Sandra Bullock Used Speed 2 to Fuel Her Passion Project Hope Floats|date=June 10, 2008|first=Nick|last=Nadel|publisher=AMC|accessdate=January 29, 2017}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Keanu not sequel to the task|first=Jamie|last=Portman|date=September 13, 1996|work=The Gazette|location=Montreal|page=C3}}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Keanu fires up Career speeds ahead, but at his own pace|first=Peter|last=Howell|work=Toronto Star|date=November 7, 1997|page=D1}}
24. ^{{cite news|title=Simon's career speeds up|first=Michael|last=Idato|work=The Sunday Telegraph|date=July 7, 1996}}
25. ^{{cite journal|title=White tornado cleaning up|first=Sheila|last=Johnson|date=July 24, 1996|work=The Times}}
26. ^{{cite journal|title=He's Up To Speed|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,293404,00.html|first=David|last=Poland|journal=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=May 16, 2011|date=July 19, 1996|issue=336}}
27. ^¹{{cite news|title=In Reeves' footsteps|work=The Buffalo News|date=June 10, 1996|first=Liz|last=Smith|page=B10}}
28. ^¹{{cite news|title=Seen, heard, said|first=Janine Dallas|last=Steffan|work=The Seattle Times|date=June 21, 1996|page=F1}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=Everyone's eyes are upon this Texan|first=Beth|last=Pinsker|work=The Dallas Morning News|date=July 21, 1996|page=1C}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Cruising at full speed|first=Barry|last=Koltnow|work=The Orange County Register|date=June 13, 1997|page=F6}}
31. ^{{cite press release | title=Big time box-office | date=July 8, 1996 | publisher=United Press International}}
32. ^¹²{{cite journal|title=Speed Ships Out| first1=Judy|last1=Brennan|first2=Chris|last2=Nashawaty|journal=Entertainment Weekly|issue=376|date=April 25, 1997|accessdate=May 30, 2015|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,287627,00.html}}
33. ^¹²³{{cite news|title=Full 'Speed 2' ahead Jan De Bont weathers hurricanes and high seas|first=Andy|last=Seiler|date=June 12, 1997|work=USA Today|page=1D}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Back in Action! Up to Speed|work=Daily Record|location=Glasgow|date=October 24, 1996}}
35. ^{{cite journal|title=Reeves exits 'Speed II{{'-}}|journal=Variety|first=John|last=Brodie|date=June 3, 1996|page=1}}
36. ^¹{{cite journal|title=Full 'Speed 2' Ahead for Bullock|journal=Empire|date=February 1997|pages=26–27|volume=10|issue=6}}
37. ^{{cite news|date=August 11, 1996|title=Oldman puts the brakes on Speed 2|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Oldman+puts+the+brakes+on+Speed+2.-a061178211|work=Sunday Mirror|accessdate=March 17, 2011}}
38. ^{{cite episode|title=Willem Dafoe on his new film, 'Speed 2: Cruise Control{{'-}}|series=Sunday Today|airdate=June 15, 1997|network=NBC|credits=Applegate, Jodi (anchor)}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=Kiwi actor gets star billing in Speed 2|first=Louisa|last=Cleave|date=September 21, 1997|work=Sunday News|location=Auckland|page=29}}
40. ^{{cite news|title=Shoosh? I'm a thespian... ya auld craw|first=Steve|last=Hendry|work=Sunday Mail|location=Glasgow|date=September 10, 2006|page=41}}
41. ^{{cite news|title=Improv comic's humor shapes 'Built to Last{{'-}}|first=Gail|last=Pennington|date=July 23, 1997|page=8E|work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/28/ocd-speeds-tuneman|title=OCD: Speed's Tuneman|date=February 28, 2008|accessdate=October 9, 2012|first=Nick|last=Hadley|publisher=IGN}}
43. ^{{cite journal|title=The Fast Track|first=David|last=Poland|journal=Entertainment Weekly|issue=357|date=December 13, 1996|page=15|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,295372,00.html|accessdate=April 19, 2011}}
44. ^{{cite news|title=Director applauds Clooney's grace|work=Arkansas Democrat-Gazette|date=December 22, 1996|page=4E|first=Eric E.|last=Harrison}}
45. ^{{cite news|title=Blues Brothers to take the field at half time|first1=Marilyn|last1=Beck|first2=Stacy|last2=Jenel Smith|work=Los Angeles Daily News|page=L2|date=January 21, 1997}}
46. ^¹{{cite news|title={{-'}}Speed 2' defies all logic|first=Chris|last=Hicks|work=Deseret News|date=June 15, 1997|page=E11}}
47. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/ON+WING,+PRAYER+FOR+BOX-OFFICE+SUCCESS+%3A+VALENCIA+HOSTS+BLOCKBUSTER...-a083857559|title=On wing, prayer for box office success: Valencia hosts blockbuster shoot studio wraps up plane chase for 'Speed' sequel at area set|work=Daily News of Los Angeles|first=Mary|last=Schubert|date=February 27, 1997|accessdate=April 16, 2011}}
48. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1996-07-19/news/9607180520_1_thorpe-shuttleworth-studio-s-chief-executive-film|title=Big-money Flick Speeds Into Studio|first=Tracy|last=Kolody|work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel|date=July 19, 1996|accessdate=May 21, 2011}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/1996/07/01/newscolumn3.html|title=Bad Boys change plans, but Speed 2 is coming|date=July 1, 1996|first=Felicia|last=Levine|accessdate=June 26, 2013|work=South Florida Business Journal}}
50. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/1996/08/19/newscolumn1.html|title=Miami rapper's video moves from bimbos to himbos|date=August 19, 1996|first=Felicia|last=Levine|work=South Florida Business Journal|accessdate=May 21, 2011}}
51. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-19754093/star-power-doesnt-faze.html|title=Star power doesn't faze Miami locals|first=Felicia|last=Levine|date=May 19, 1997|accessdate=June 27, 2013|work=Variety}}
52. ^{{cite news|title=Movie company won't pay city rent|date=January 30, 1997|work=The Miami Herald|page=2B}}
53. ^{{cite news|title=Miami gets $26,000 from film company|date=February 6, 1997|page=2B|work=The Miami Herald}}
54. ^¹²{{cite journal|title=Scrapes with death just part of job for 'Speed' cast|first=Elizabeth|last=Snead|journal=USA Today|page=6D|date=April 2, 1997}}
55. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite episode|title=The Making of Speed 2: Cruise Control|credits=Thomas Grane (director)|airdate=June 1997|season=4|number=2|publisher=20th Century Fox and HBO|series=HBO First Look|serieslink=HBO First Look|network=HBO}}
56. ^¹²³⁴{{cite press release|title=Speed 2: Cruise Control Production Notes|publisher=20th Century Fox|year=1997}}
57. ^{{cite news|title=Need for 'Speed': Director insists sequel has compelling story|first=Bob|last=Strauss|work=Chicago Sun-Times|date=June 8, 1997|page=7}}
58. ^{{cite news|title=Hollywood takes a bow to workboat|first=Simon|last=Barker-Benfield|date=October 18, 1996|work=The Florida Times-Union|page=C-8}}
59. ^¹²³{{cite news|title=How they did the big stunt in Speed 2|work=Palm Beach Post|first=Thom|last=Smith|date=June 11, 1997|page=1D}}
60. ^¹²³{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/04/movies/next-the-cruise-ship-rams-the-village.html|title=Next, the Cruise Ship Rams the Village|first=James|last=Ryan|date=May 4, 1997|work=The New York Times|accessdate=March 20, 2011}}
61. ^{{cite news|title=Real ship, fake town help 'Speed 2' look believeable {{sic}}|first=Craig|last=Kopp|work=The Cincinnati Post|date=June 12, 1997|page=8}}
62. ^¹{{cite news|title=Look, Ma, No Pixels: Plastic Triumphs On the Set|first=James|last=Ryan|date=May 4, 1997|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/04/movies/look-ma-no-pixels-plastic-triumphs-on-the-set.html|accessdate=July 13, 2013}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stuartcove.com/DiveBahamasMgmt.aspx?id=6&pageId=43|title=Underwater Conditions|publisher=Stuart Cove's Underwater Productions|accessdate=November 1, 2012}}
64. ^{{cite journal|title=Speed 2: Cruising Speed|first=Ellen|last=Wolff|issue=71|pages=141+|work=Cinefex}}
65. ^¹²{{cite news|title={{-'}}Speed' Demons|first=Bob|last=Strauss|work=Los Angeles Daily News|date=June 11, 1997|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/%60SPEED%27+DEMONS%3B+STARS+BULLOCK+AND+PATRIC+FOLLOW+DIRECTOR+DE+BONT%27S...-a083869625 |accessdate=December 16, 2012}}
66. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/22/style/it-s-love-at-first-roar.html|title=It's Love at First Roar|date=June 22, 1997|first=Edward|last=Lewine|work=The New York Times|accessdate=June 26, 2013}}
67. ^{{cite news|title=On Board: 'Speed 2: Cruise Control{{'-}}|first=Betsy|last=Pickle|work=The Knoxville News-Sentinel|date=June 13, 1997|page=T11}}
68. ^¹²{{cite news|title=Speed 2 a costly exercise for director Jan De Bont|first=Jamie|last=Portman|work=Waterloo Region Record|date=June 12, 1997|page=D1}}
69. ^¹{{cite news|title=Filming Speed 2 was a nightmare|work=Calgary Herald|date=May 3, 1997|page=I3}}
70. ^¹²³⁴{{cite AV media notes|title=Speed 2: Cruise Control – Original Motion Picture Score|first=Daniel|last=Schweiger|date=2010|publisher=La-La Land Records|id=LLLCD 1138|others=Mark Mancina|chapter=The Need for More Speed}}
71. ^¹²{{cite journal|title=The Reel Thing|first=Catherine|last=Applefeld Olsen|date=June 7, 1997|work=Billboard|page=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fg8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=April 19, 2011|volume=109|issue=23}}
72. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite journal|title=Mark Mancina: Going Fast Again|journal=Film Score Monthly|date=July 1997|volume=2|issue=5|first=Daniel|last=Schweiger|pages=23–26}}
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmscoremonthly.com/new/daily/article.cfm?articleID=6504|title=Film Score Friday 6/11/10|first=Scott|last=Bettencourt|date=June 11, 2010|work=Film Score Monthly|accessdate=October 9, 2012}}
74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmmusicmag.com/?p=5689|title=CD Review: June Soundtrack Picks|first=Daniel|last=Schweiger|date=June 21, 2010|work=Film Music Magazine|publisher=Global Media Online|accessdate=April 6, 2011}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/speed2.html|title=Speed 2: Cruise Control (Mark Mancina)|first=Christian|last=Clemmensen|publisher=Filmtracks.com|date=July 6, 2010|accessdate=April 6, 2011}}
76. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.philly.com/1997-07-15/news/25547142_1_summer-flicks-ub40-reggae|title=On Track With Summer Flicks Will Smith Leads This Year's Invasion Of Movie Music|first=Jonathan|last=Takiff|date=July 15, 1997|accessdate=June 15, 2011|work=Philadelphia Daily News}}
77. ^{{cite journal|title=Tell Me Is It True? From the Film 'Speed 2: Cruise Control{{'-}}|work=Everybody's|publisher=Herman Hall|issn=1072-3099|volume=21|issue=5|page=38|first=Patricia|last=Boothe}}
78. ^{{cite journal|title=Reviews & Previews: Singles|editor-first=Larry|editor-last=Flick|work=Billboard|page=54|date=May 24, 1997|volume=109|issue=21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fA8EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA7&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=June 1, 2011}}
79. ^{{cite press release|title=Komuro produces soundtrack for U.S. movie|publisher=Japan Economic Newswire|date=April 3, 1997}}
80. ^{{cite news|title=Confessions from Priest|date=July 31, 1997|first=Lenny|last=Stoute|work=Toronto Star|page=G6}}
81. ^{{cite news|title=Summer sounds: In case you've lost track...|first=Richard|last=Harrington|page=B8|work=The Hamilton Spectator|date=July 29, 1997}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.totalfilm.com/features/30-worst-movie-sequels/speed-2-cruise-control-1997|title=30 Worst Sequels|work=Total Film|date=July 21, 2011|accessdate=October 9, 2012}}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.watchmojo.com/video/id/11227/|title=Top 10 Worst Movie Sequels|first=Rebecca|last=Brayton|publisher=WatchMojo.com|format=video|date=September 13, 2012|accessdate=March 26, 2014}}
84. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1169126_18,00.html|title=The 25 Worst Sequels Ever|date=December 22, 2007|first=Chris|last=Nashawaty|accessdate=August 19, 2011|work=Entertainment Weekly}}
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93. ^¹{{cite web |title=Speed 2 - Cruise Control (1997) |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/speed_2_cruise_control/ |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |accessdate= April 18, 2018}}
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95. ^{{cite journal|title=Cinema: Totally Out of Control|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986583,00.html|first=Richard|last=Schickel|date=June 23, 1997|accessdate=May 29, 2011|work=Time}}
96. ^{{cite journal|title=Movie Review: Speed 2 (1997)|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,288450,00.html|first=Lisa|last=Schwarzbaum|issue=384|date=June 20, 1997|accessdate=May 29, 2011|work=Entertainment Weekly}}
97. ^{{cite news|title=Hasty Conclusions About 'Speed 2' Do Hold Water|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997-06-26/entertainment/ca-6977_1_speed-water-didn|first=Mark Chalon|last=Smith|date=June 26, 1997|accessdate=May 29, 2011|work=Los Angeles Times}}
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101. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ivillage.com/interview-sandra-bullock/1-a-33761|first=Gerri|last=Miller|title=Interview with Celebrity Sandra Bullock on Jesse James, The Lake House and More|date=June 16, 2006|work=iVillage|accessdate=October 7, 2012}}
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104. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/speed-2-cruise-control-1997|title=Speed 2: Cruise Control|work=Chicago Sun-Times|first=Roger|last=Ebert|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=June 27, 1997|accessdate=June 30, 2013}}
105. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-06-13/entertainment/9706130077_1_speed-oil-tanker-busy|title={{-'}}Speed 2' Full Of Fresh Thrills|work=Chicago Tribune|date=June 13, 1997|accessdate=June 11, 2013|first=Gene|last=Siskel|authorlink=Gene Siskel}}
106. ^{{cite episode|series=Siskel & Ebert|first1=Roger|last1=Ebert|authorlink1=Roger Ebert|authorlink2=Gene Siskel|first2=Gene|last2=Siskel|publisher=Buena Vista Television|season=11|number=40 |date=June 14, 1997 }}
107. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/miss-congeniality-2000|work=Chicago Sun-Times|title=Miss Congeniality|first=Roger|last=Ebert|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=December 22, 2000|accessdate=June 30, 2013}}
108. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/miss-congeniality-2-armed-and-fabulous-2005|work=Chicago Sun-Times|title=Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous|first=Roger|last=Ebert|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=March 24, 2005|accessdate=June 30, 2013}}
109. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-proposal-2009|work=Chicago Sun-Times|title=The Proposal|first=Roger|last=Ebert|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=June 17, 2009|accessdate=May 24, 2011}}
110. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/speed-3-winner-of-my-1999-contest|title={{-'}}Speed 3'--Winner of My 1999 Contest|work=Chicago Sun-Times|first=Roger|last=Ebert|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=January 17, 2013|accessdate=June 11, 2013}}
111. ^{{Cite web|url=http://cruises.about.com/od/travelgearandgadgets/tp/cruise_movies.htm|title=Top 9 Cruise Ship or Ocean Liner Movies|publisher=About.com|first=Linda|last=Garrison|accessdate=May 29, 2011}}
112. ^{{cite journal|title=Speed 2: Cruise Control|first=Eleanor|last=Ringel|date=June 13, 1997|page=P14|work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution}}
113. ^{{cite journal|title={{-'}}Speed 2: Cruise Control' helps rev up idle summer|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/%60SPEED+2%3A+CRUISE+CONTROL%27+HELPS+REV+UP+IDLE+SUMMER.-a083870184|work=Los Angeles Daily Times|first=Amy|last=Dawes|date=June 13, 1997|accessdate=December 11, 2012}}
114. ^{{cite journal|title=Familiar ingredients make 'Speed 2' a tub of fun|first=Joe|last=Baltake|authorlink=Joe Baltake|date=June 13, 1997|page=TK20|work=The Sacramento Bee}}
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116. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997-06-13/entertainment/ca-2814_1_movie-cruise-ship|title=A Quiet Getaway Turns Into Romance and Wreckage|work=Los Angeles Times|first=Kenneth|last=Turan|authorlink=Kenneth Turan|date=June 27, 1997|accessdate=March 18, 2018}}
117. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997-06-11/news/ls-2099_1_century-city-caribbean|title=A Caribbean Isle Paradise in Century City|first=Bill|last=Higgins|work=Los Angeles Times|date=June 11, 1997|accessdate=July 12, 2013}}
118. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/05/business/turning-rough-takes-into-summer-s-big-hits.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=Turning Rough Takes Into Summer's Big Hits|first=Trip|last=Gabriel|work=The New York Times|date=May 5, 1997|accessdate=July 12, 2013}}
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120. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997-06-17/entertainment/ca-4045_1_con-air|title={{-'}}Speed 2' Edges 'Con Air' for No. 1|first=Susan|last=King|date=June 17, 1997|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 24, 2013}}
121. ^{{cite web|url=http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/1997/06/24/ent_210323.shtml|agency=Associated Press|title={{-'}}Batman and Robin' tops box office; 'Speed 2' sinks|work=The Augusta Chronicle|date=April 24, 1997|accessdate=June 24, 2013}}
122. ^{{cite web|title=Speed 2: Cruise Control (1997)|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=speed2.htm|work=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=May 24, 2011}}
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125. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.razzies.com/asp/content/XcNewsPlus.asp?cmd=view&articleid=37|title=1997 Archive|date=August 8, 2000|first=John|last=Wilson|authorlink=John J. B. Wilson|work=Razzies.com|publisher=Golden Raspberry Award Foundation|accessdate=May 24, 2011}}
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127. ^{{Cite episode |title=Bye Bye Nerdie |episodelink=Bye Bye Nerdie |series=The Simpsons |serieslink=The Simpsons |credits=MacMullan, Lauren (director) |network=Fox Broadcasting Company |airdate=March 11, 2001 |season=12 |number=16 |transcript=Transcript|transcripturl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219021656/http://www.snpp.com/episodes/CABF11}}
128. ^{{cite AV media|people=MacFarlane, Seth; Goodman, David; Sheridan, Chris|title="Blind Ambition". Family Guy Volume 3|publisher=20th Century Fox Home Entertainment|medium=DVD audio commentary|date=2005}}