| 词条 | Neutral Zone of Junik |
| 释义 |
The Neutral Zone of Junik (1921–1923) was a neutral demilitarized border area between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Principality of Albania. HistoryEstablishmentThe neutral area was established in November 1921 by the authority of the League of Nations following border disputes between the two countries and the frequent military intrusion from the Yugoslav side since 1918 into the Albanian side as well as continuous skirmish between the Albanian guerrillas and Yugoslavian army.[1] The area included a couple of villages around Junik and the Highlands of Djakovica along the Kosovo border with Albania (back then part of the Prefecture of Kosovo). The zone consisted of the villages Junik, Mulliq/Molić, Batushë/Batusa, Brovinë/Brovina, Ponoshec/Ponosevac, Babaj i Bokës/Babaj Boks, Popoc/Popovc, Shishman/Šišman, and Koshare/Košare.[2] Beside Junik, the rest correspond today to border villages of the District of Gjakova. OngoingThe area was practically autonomous, ruled by local bayraktars and the Kanun only.[3] Despite the intention, the area served as a buffer zone for the kachak guerrillas and was a starting point for consecutive Albanian rebellions organized from 1921 to 1924 in Kosovo. Many chetas settled around Junik and launched offensives against the Serbian armies starting from there.[4] Azem Galica and his man settled there, and a little later even Hasan Prishtina joined.[5] Beside attacks on the Serbian army, the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo organized insurgencies against the Zog-controlled governments of Tirana, the latest being a sworn enemy of the Committee of Kosovo and Kosovar irredentists. The Committee of Kosovo leaders as Hasan Prishtina, Bajram and Hysni Curri, and Azem Galica initiated more than once attacks against the Albanian armies and authorities stationed nearby. Two main ones were the Albanian Rebellion of 1922,[6] and the other tentative in January 1923. During the last attempt, Beqir Vokshi, a former member of the Committee who was recently enlisted as an officer of the Albanian army got killed by Galica's men. Vokshi was trying to persuade the Junik population not to support the recent guerrillas attacks upon the Krumë and Tropojë regions.[7][8] DissolutionIn early January 1923, the rebels had taken an offensive over Tropojë, followed by a broader one on Has District. They had surrounded Krumë (center of the Prefecture of Kosovo), attacked the gendarme stations in Nikaj-Mërtur and arrived by the Drin river. The most severe fighting took place near Krumë town, which was attacked from two sides by the guerrillas of Azem Galica and Sadik Rama. Following the events, Ahmet Zogu ordered a major offensive. After pushing the insurgents back to the Neutral Zone, in late January 1923 the Albanian army entered Junik. The Kachaks left the area and went inside Kosovo. Later, the area was handed over to the Yugoslavs, and a joint-border patrolling was established. The Yugoslav army burned down the houses which had served as kachak basis and executed around 60 people.[9]By February 1923, the Neutral Zone stopped existing.[10] References1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBq5AAAAIAAJ&q=neutral+zone+of+Junik&dq=neutral+zone+of+Junik&hl=en&sa=X&ei=booDU8DXINLJsQS63YHwDA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw| page=163| author=Kristaq Prifti (Instituti i Historisë - Akademia e Shkencave e RSH)| title=The truth on Kosova|publisher=Encyclopaedia Publishing House| year=1993|oclc= 30135036| quote=The intervention of the League of Nations brought about the formation of a "neutral zone" of Junik in November 1921. Within the creating of the "neutral zone" of Junik, the military reduced the intensity of its actions...}} 2. ^{{citation|url=http://pashtriku.beepworld.de/files/Histori/histori/bedri_tahiri_hasan_prishtina_truri_i_levizjes_2.8.08.htm| publisher=Pashtriku.de| language=Albanian| accessdate=2014-02-18| title=Hasan Prishtina, truri i levizjes kombetare shqiptare (1908- 1933)| author= Bedri Tahiri| location=Prishtina|date=2008-08-02 |quote=Ky territor i lirë përfshinte këto fshatra: Junik, Mulliq, Batushë, Brovinë, Ponoshec, Bobaj- Boks, Popoc, Shishman e Koshare}} 3. ^{{citation|url=http://pashtriku.beepworld.de/files/Histori/histori/bedri_tahiri_hasan_prishtina_truri_i_levizjes_2.8.08.htm| publisher=Pashtriku.de| language=Albanian| accessdate=2014-02-18| title=Hasan Prishtina, truri i levizjes kombetare shqiptare (1908- 1933)| author= Bedri Tahiri| location=Prishtina|date=2008-08-02 |quote=Në të u vendos pushteti nga ana e popullit vendës, nga shqiptarët dhe gëzonte autonomi të plotë.}} 4. ^{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KfqbujXqQBkC&pg=PA305&lpg=PA305&dq=neutral+area+of+Junik&source=bl&ots=VYVfkiifpI&sig=oTFDUK4thbIdbS2BMvKGaMRlesU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9GEBU4ChNObr0gHI04GYBw&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=neutral%20area%20of%20Junik&f=false| author=Ivo Banac| page=305|publisher=Cornell University Press| title=The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics|year=1988| isbn=978-0801494932| quote=...within the neutral frontier zone toward Yugoslavia, where, notably at Junik, the KK and Bejta had their basis.}} 5. ^{{citation|url=http://pashtriku.beepworld.de/files/Histori/histori/bedri_tahiri_hasan_prishtina_truri_i_levizjes_2.8.08.htm| publisher=Pashtriku.de| language=Albanian| accessdate=2014-02-18| title=Hasan Prishtina, truri i levizjes kombetare shqiptare (1908- 1933)| author= Bedri Tahiri| location=Prishtina|date=2008-08-02 |quote=Si shumica e çetave kaçake, edhe Çeta e Azemit kaloi atje. Me veti i kishte edhe dy gratë: Shotën e Zojën dhe u vendos në shtëpinë e Tafë Hoxhës. Nuk kaloi shumë kohë e në Zonën Neutrale të Junikut erdhi edhe Hasan Prishtina që u vendos te Salih Bajrami-Berisha.}} 6. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfqbujXqQBkC&pg=PA305&lpg=PA305&dq=neutral+area+of+Junik&source=bl&ots=VYVfkiifpI&sig=oTFDUK4thbIdbS2BMvKGaMRlesU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9GEBU4ChNObr0gHI04GYBw&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=neutral%20area%20of%20Junik&f=false| author=Ivo Banac| page=305| title=The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics| isbn= 978-0801494932| publisher=Cornell University Press | year=1988| quote=In March 1922, Bajram Curri, Hasan Bej Prishtina, and Elez Jusufi, and important kacak leader, tried to overthrow the government in Tirana, but failed. }} 7. ^{{citation| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8DG5AAAAIAAJ&q=beqir+vokshi&dq=beqir+vokshi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pFUBU8fhBoy40QGg0oDoAQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ| pages=194–197|title=Shota dhe Azem Galica|author=Ajet Haxhiu| publisher=Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori"| year=1982| oclc= 255488782| quote=...më 14 shkurt 1921, kryetari i Komitetit, Hoxha Kadri Prishtina, njoftonte se lutja e Beqir Vokshit për dorëheqje si anëtar i qendrës së Komitetit pranohej...[on 14 February 1921, Hoxha Kadri Prishtina, announced that the resignation of Beqir Vokshi as a member of Committee Center was accepted...] Shkaku i vrasjes eshte se Beqir Vokshi ne rastin e levizjes qe u be kunder Krumes kishte pase mberrite me e ndalu popullin e "Zones Neutrale" nga te marrunit pjese...[The motive of the assassination is that Beqir Vokshi in the case of the movement against Kruma had managed to stop the population of the "Neutral Zone" from participating...]}} 8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaLiAAAAMAAJ&q=beqir+vokshi&dq=beqir+vokshi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pFUBU8fhBoy40QGg0oDoAQ&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA| pages=232–233| title=Gjurmime Albanologjike |series=Seria e shkencave historike| issue=11| year=1982|publisher=Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës| location = Prishtina|oclc=1461456| issn=0436-0273}} 9. ^{{citation|url=http://kk.rks-gov.net/junik/files/images/pzhu-final_1.aspx| publisher=Municipality of Junik| language=Albanian| accessdate=2014-02-18| page=22| quote=Si rezultat i rezistencës dhe luftërave kundër pushtuesit në dhjetor 1921 deri në shkurt 1923 u formua Zona Neutrale e Junikut, ku gjetën strehë dhe përkrahje shumë kryengritës dhe luftëtarë kundër pushtuesit serbo-malazez. Pas kësaj Juniku përjetoi një tragjedi të rëndë. Kështu në vitin 1923 serbët dogjën 12 shtëpi, vranë 60 burra dhe plaçkitën fshatin.| title=Plani Zhvillimor Urban JUNIKU 2023+| date=June 2009}} 10. ^{{citation| author=Noel Malkolm (FAMA International)| title=Kosovo: a chain of causes 1225 B.C. - 1991 and consequences 1991-1999| publisher=Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia| year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCUWAQAAMAAJ&q=neutral+zone+of+Junik&dq=neutral+zone+of+Junik&hl=en&sa=X&ei=booDU8DXINLJsQS63YHwDA&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBQ| oclc= 244121915 | isbn=9788672080988| quote=and at the end of January 1923 he sent the Albanian army into the Junik 'neutral zone', driving out all the kacaks and setting up joint Albanian- Yugoslav patrols to stop them from coming back.}} 11 : 1920s in Yugoslavia|1920s in Albania|1921 in Yugoslavia|1921 in Albania|1922 in Yugoslavia|1922 in Albania|1923 in Yugoslavia|1923 in Albania|Albania–Yugoslavia border|Demilitarized zones|Military history of Yugoslavia |
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