“Spherically symmetric spacetime”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Spherically symmetric spacetime

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A spherically symmetric spacetime is a spacetime whose isometry group contains a subgroup which is isomorphic to the rotation group SO(3) and the orbits of this group are 2-spheres (ordinary 2-dimensional spheres in 3-dimensional Euclidean space). The isometries are then interpreted as rotations and a spherically symmetric spacetime is often described as one whose metric is "invariant under rotations". The spacetime metric induces a metric on each orbit 2-sphere (and this induced metric must be a multiple of the metric of a 2-sphere).

Spherical symmetry is a characteristic feature of many solutions of Einstein's field equations of general relativity, especially the Schwarzschild solution. A spherically symmetric spacetime can be characterised in another way, namely, by using the notion of Killing vector fields, which, in a very precise sense, preserve the metric. The isometries referred to above are actually local flow diffeomorphisms of Killing vector fields and thus generate these vector fields. For a spherically symmetric spacetime , there are precisely 3 rotational Killing vector fields. Stated in another way, the dimension of the Killing algebra is 3

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It is known (see Birkhoff's theorem) that any spherically symmetric solution of the vacuum field equations is necessarily isometric to a subset of the maximally extended Schwarzschild solution. This means that the exterior region around a spherically symmetric gravitating object must be static and asymptotically flat.

References

{{cite book | author=Wald, Robert M. | title=General Relativity | location=Chicago | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year = 1984 | isbn=0-226-87033-2}} See Section 6.1 for a discussion of spherical symmetry.

1 : Lorentzian manifolds

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