1. Mechanism of triage

2. Current usage

3. History

4. Notes

5. References

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The system, born from a desire to reduce unnecessary call-outs for emergency services, and to reduce the instances of patients rebounding between care providers due to repeated re-triage, is designed to triage any health problem and refer to the appropriate service either within or without the service undertaking the triage. With an attached Capacity Management System, NHS Pathways is designed to factor in what services are available local to the patient when supplying care provision. In essence, the intention is that any health care problem can be triaged by any arm of the NHS - emergency or non-emergency - and can be directed to any possible health care provider without the need for a second triage on referral, or any delay.^[1]

Mechanism of triage

As with many triage systems, NHS Pathways operates on a diagnosis of exclusion, excluding conditions based on a set of triage questions developed by clinicians of the Department of Health. Upon arriving at an illness or injury that cannot be excluded, the system directs the patient to the appropriate level of care for that condition. Theoretically, patients will receive a higher level of care than their actual condition warrants on occasion, but should never receive a lower level.^[4] Unlike previous triage systems, in an emergency capacity NHS Pathways can lead the patient to doctor, nurse, emergency department, or home-care advice dispositions, whereas previous systems often merely led to various levels of ambulance response.^[5] The lack of such care providers in an area also highlights gaps in services for the NHS to review.^[6]

Current usage

NHS Pathways is currently utilised in nine of the eleven English ambulance services:^[1]

• North East Ambulance Service 999 & 111
• South Western Ambulance Service 111
• South East Coast Ambulance Service 999 & 111
• West Midlands Ambulance Service 999
• Isle of Wight Ambulance Service 999 & 111
• South Central Ambulance Service 999 & 111
• North West Ambulance Service 111
• Yorkshire Ambulance Service 111
• London Ambulance Service 111

In addition, there are numerous non-Ambulance operated NHS 111 providers, including: Care UK, Primecare, IC24, Derbyshire Health United, Herts Urgent Care and a number of GP out-of-hours co-operatives.

History

NHS Pathways evolved following reports by the National Audit Office (NAO) into the inconsistency of 'hear and treat' statistics across the ambulance services of the United Kingdom. In June 2011 it was approved by the NAO "as a way to make substantial savings and improve efficiency in ambulance services."^[7] Its development was intended to coincide with{{Spaced ndash}}and be integrated into{{Spaced ndash}}the growth of the new non-emergency healthcare system NHS 111.^[8] By October 2011, the Department of Health announced plans to extend NHS 111{{Spaced ndash}}and Pathways{{Spaced ndash}}across the UK by 2013 to replace NHS Direct.^[9] Its role in emergency medicience received media coverage from the BBC that focused on the hope that it would reduce unnecessary ambulance dispatches as an improvement on the existing AMPDS or Criteria Based Dispatched systems. The North East Ambulance Service, already using NHS Pathways, declared that it reduced such call outs by 2,000 per month.^[10] Using an attached Capacity Management System (CMS) NHS Pathways can analyse the medical services local to each caller, and thus direct the patient to nearby minor injury units or doctor's surgeries depending on the presenting condition. The NHS launched Pathways with the example of an adult female with an arm laceration who - upon being triaged by NHS Pathways via NHS 111 - was directed to a minor injuries unit one mile from her home that was identified by the CMS function of NHS Pathways as being suitable. In theory, any patient with any medical condition can contact any telephone-based medical care provider (999, NHS Direct, 111, Out of Hours GP) and be directed to any care pathway, be it ambulance, doctor, nurse, or emergency department, using one system.^[11]

Notes

References

• {{cite press release | url=http://www.improvement.nhs.uk/cancer/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=p%2F4LCfr%2BGOs%3D&tabid=264 | title=NHS Pathways - Integrating Urgent and Emergency Care | publisher=National Health Service Clinical Directorate | date=May 10, 2011 | accessdate=2013-06-06}}

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