| 词条 | Spodek |
| 释义 |
| stadium_name = Spodek | nickname = | logo_image = | image_size = 250px | image = Katowice Spodek- Nowa elewacja.jpg | caption = The Spodek arena after facade renovation in 2011 | address = Aleja Korfantego 35, 40-005 | location = Katowice, Poland | coordinates = {{coord|50|15|58|N|19|01|31|E|type:landmark_region:PL|display=inline,title}} | built = 1964-1971 | broke_ground = 1964 | opened = 9 May 1971 | renovated = 2011[1] | expanded = 2009[2] | owner = City of Katowice | operator = PTWP Event Center sp. z o.o.[3]. | construction_cost = ~800 million zł | surface = Versatile | dimensions = | acreage = 29 473 m² | architect = Maciej Gintowt & Maciej Krasiński from Biuro Studiów i Projektów Typowych Budownictwa Przemysłowego (Warsaw) | general_contractor = Andrzej Żórawski | project_manager = | structural engineer = Wacław Zalewski | main_contractors = | tenants = | capacity = 11,500 | publictransit = | website = {{URL|http://www.spodekkatowice.pl}} }} Spodek (meaning "saucer" in Polish) is a multipurpose arena complex in Katowice, Poland, opened in 1971. Aside from the main dome, the complex includes a gym, an ice rink, a hotel and three large car parks. It was the largest indoor venue of its kind in Poland until it was surpassed by Kraków Arena in 2014. The Spodek hosts many important cultural and business events. Music concerts are especially common non-sport events. It can hold around 11,500 people, although this number is in practice limited to 10,000 or even 8,000 due to stage set-ups obscuring the view. Its Polish name refers to a flying saucer since its iconic shape resembles a UFO. Spodek is a major contribution to the cultural significance of Katowice in Poland, especially for the younger generations. It has also been used as an unofficial logo for the city on posters promoting redevelopment in Katowice. Moreover, Spodek is home to ice hockey clubs in the winter months. HistoryThe idea of building a large venue originated in 1955, while Katowice was temporarily renamed Stalinogród. A contest was held to select the best design. Initially, it was to be constructed on the outskirts of town, but the Voivodeship National Council decided it should be built near the city center. A mining waste dump site classified "2A" was chosen for construction. The classification "2A" indicated medium mining damage with a possibility of local cave-ins. While excavating the foundations, the workers dug through coal instead of soil. Soon after construction began, rumors of design flaws in the new building spread, including the rumour that the dome would collapse when the scaffolding was removed. Because of this, in 1964, construction was halted for 18 months. Spodek's architects and chief engineers entered the dome when the supports were dismantled as a response to those rumors; clearly they survived. Before opening the building to the public, endurance tests were conducted – 3,500 soldiers marched into the hall and vibration of the building was measured. The outcome was positive. Throughout Spodek's history, rumors have circulated concerning the extent of disrepair at the structure, concealed cracks or even its "falling apart". However, these rumours are unsupported by any evidence. TechnologyMaciej Gintowt and Maciej Krasiński, architects of Spodek, designed the Spodek as one of the first major structures to employ the principle of tensegrity. The roof uses an inclined surface held in check by a system of cables holding up its circumference. The structural engineer who conceived the unique tensegrity roof and made it work is Wacław Zalewski. His innovative structures include Supersam, a supermarket in Warsaw with a roof made up of alternating arches and cables, many unique industrial roofs in Poland, two basketball arenas in Venezuela with hanging roofs, the structure of the National Museum of Art in Caracas, the Venezuelan Pavilion at the Seville's Expo in 1992, and several bridges and roofs in South Korea. Hosted events
See also
References1. ^Rozpoczął się remont elewacji Spodka katowice.gazeta.pl Gazeta Wyborcza Katowice, 8 March 2011. 2. ^https://archive.is/c8gZ sport.onet.pl, Onet.pl, Fotogaleria ze zmodernizowanego wnętrza Spodka 3. ^{{Cite|title=PTWP Event Center, nowy zarządca Spodka i MCK, wybrał firmę do pilnowania i sprzątania obu hal|date=2016-05-04|publisher=Nasze Miasto (Katowice)|url=http://katowice.naszemiasto.pl/artykul/ptwp-event-center-nowy-zarzadca-spodka-i-mck-wybral-firme,3725569,art,t,id,tm.html}} 4. ^Kibice wywalczyli nam polskie mecze {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414164024/http://miasta.gazeta.pl/wroclaw/1,35751,3851818.html |date=2009-04-14 }}, 15 January 2007 External links{{commons category|Spodek}}
| title=European Indoor Championships in Athletics Venue | before=Scandinavium Gothenburg | after=Olympiahalle Munich | years=1975 }}{{succession box | title = FIVB Volleyball World League Final Venue | years = 2001 | before = Ahoy Rotterdam Rotterdam | after = Mineirinho Arena Belo Horizonte }}{{succession box | title = FIVB Volleyball World League Final Venue | years = 2007 | before = Luzhniki Small Sports Arena Moscow | after = Ginásio do Maracanãzinho Rio de Janeiro }}{{succession box | title=FIBA EuroBasket }}{{succession box | title = FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship Final Venue | years = 2014 | before = PalaLottomatica Rome | after = Pala Alpitour Turin }}{{s-end}} 13 : Sports venues completed in 1971|Buildings and structures in Katowice|Handball venues in Poland|Indoor arenas in Poland|Indoor ice hockey venues in Poland|IIHF World Championship venues|Sports venues in Silesian Voivodeship|Indoor track and field venues|Tennis venues in Poland|Basketball venues in Poland|1971 establishments in Poland|Volleyball venues in Poland|Tourist attractions in Katowice |
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