| 词条 | Ni (cuneiform) |
| 释义 |
The cuneiform sign ni, is a common-use sign of the Amarna letters, the Epic of Gilgamesh, and other cuneiform texts. It has a secondary sub-use in the Amarna letters for addressing the Pharaoh, from the vassal states of Canaan. The address to the Pharaoh is often 'King-Lord-Mine': LUGAL, EN-ia which has many varieties of expression. "LUGAL" is Akkadian language for "Šarru", English "king", and EN in Akkadian is bēlu,[1] for "Lord", (thus "King, Lord-Mine"). In some Amarna letters the sub-use of ni is lí, for spelling "bēlu", be-lí often . There are other sub-uses of ni (see Epic of Gilgamesh usage below). It is also found in some Amarna letters, EA 9, and EA 252, for example where ni or lí is scribed in a "flourish" format (an over-lengthened version of the 2-horizontals that construct the sign), similar to tab, . In EA 9 especially, there is a 'scribe margin line', both left and right on the clay tablet obverse. For the right margin, some words in the lower paragraphs of the obverse (Para 4-7), some words ending with ni/lí, have the sign lengthened, and sitting upon the right margin line-(the cuneiform text, in EA 9, reads: left-to-right). Epic of Gilgamesh usageThe ni sign usage in the Epic of Gilgamesh is as follows: lí-(5) times, né-(42), ni-(326), ṣal-(8), zal-(1), Ì-(9) times. Ì, the sumerogram is Akkadian language "šamnu", for English "oil".[2] Because of its multiple usages in the Epic, ni, or lí, can be used as a syllabic for " "ne", "ni", or "li"/"lí", etc. It also can be used as a syllabic for combinations related to: "sal", "ṣal", or "zal"; (in Akkadian many consonants, or the 4-vowels, a, e, i, u can be interchanged, for performing the final Akkadian language 'dictionary word'). References1. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, bēlu, šarru, p. 122, p. 141. 2. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 231, p. 159. 3. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary, gabbu, pp. 55-87, p. 63. 4. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, Alter Orient Altes Testament 8, Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages. 5. ^Rainey, 1970, Glossary:Vocabulary, gabbu, pp. 55-87, p. 68. 6. ^Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 138, note 8, p. 224, & "Index of Words", p. 377. 7. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 231, p. 159. 8. ^Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. Beginning Hittite. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes; Sign List, pp. 180-202, tu, no. 286, p. 200. 9. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, p. 155, Sign no. 058, tu. 10. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Index of Names, Personal Names, Ubaru-Tutu, p. 146. 11. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Logograms and Their Readings, pp. 117-8, p. 118, for TU & TU.MUŠEN.. 12. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, p. 155, Sign La. 13. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, mû, p. 132. 14. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, Signs a, e, i, ú, and u. 15. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, ana, pp. 120-121. 16. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, enûma, p. 124. 17. ^Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 147, A Hymn to the Pharaoh, pp. 233-235. 18. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 068, p. 156. 19. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary, saparu, pp. 55-87, p. 81. 20. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, Glossary:Vocabulary, pp. 55-87, p. 24. 21. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, EA 365, Biridiya of Megiddo to the King, pp. 24-27. 22. ^Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary, pp. 119-145, aššum, p. 122. 23. ^Buccellatti, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian, pp. 95-100. 24. ^Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. Beginning Hittite, Sign List, page 194, page 200. 25. ^Rainey, 1970. El Amarna Tablets, 359-379, EA 365, Biridiya of Megiddo to the King, pp. 24-27.
3 : Sumerian words and phrases|Akkadian language|Cuneiform signs, Amarna letters |
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