| 词条 | Spotted redshank |
| 释义 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Tringa erythropus - Laem Pak Bia.jpg | image_caption = Spotted redshank in non-breeding plumage | taxon = Tringa erythropus | authority = (Pallas, 1764) }} The spotted redshank (Tringa erythropus) is a wader (shorebird) in the large bird family Scolopacidae. The genus name Tringa is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek trungas, a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific erythropus is from Ancient Greek eruthros, "red", and pous, "foot".[2] It breeds across northern Scandinavia and northern Asia and migrates south to the Mediterranean, the southern British Isles, France, tropical Africa, and tropical Asia for the winter. It is an occasional vagrant to Australia and North America. TaxonomyThe spotted redshank was described by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 and given the binomial name Scolopax erythropus.[3][4][5] It is a monotypic species, with no recognised subspecies.[6] Taxonomically, it forms a close-knit group with several other large Tringa species, with molecular sequencing showing it to be a sister clade to that containing the greater yellowlegs and the common greenshank.[7] DescriptionThis is a large wader (shorebird), measuring {{convert|29|–|31|cm|in|abbr=on}} long,{{#tag:ref|By convention, length is measured from the tip of the bill to the tip of the tail on a dead bird (or skin) laid on its back.[8]|group="nb"}} with a wingspan of {{convert|61|–|67|cm|in|abbr=on}} and a weight ranging from {{convert|121|to|205|g|oz|abbr=on}}. It is black in breeding plumage, and very pale in winter. It has a red legs and bill, and shows a white oval on the back in flight. Juveniles are grey-brown finely speckled white above, and have pale, finely barred underparts. Adults moult completely between July and October. In spring, the body plumage is moulted between March and May. Juveniles have a partial moult between August and February.[6] The call is a creaking whistle teu-it (somewhat similar to the call of a roseate tern), the alarm call a kyip-kyip-kyip. Habitat and rangeThe spotted redshank breeds in the Arctic across much of Eurasia, from Lapland in the west to Chukotskaya in the east.[7] BehaviourFood and feedingLike most waders, it feeds on small invertebrates. BreedingIt nests on open boggy taiga, laying four eggs in a ground scrape. For breeding the bird moults to a black to dark grey with white spots. During breeding plumage the legs also turn a dark grey. See image alongside. Conservation and threatsThe spotted redshank is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies. Notes1. ^{{cite journal | author = BirdLife International | author-link = BirdLife International | title = Tringa erythropus | journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2015 | page = e.T22693207A67217485 | publisher = IUCN | year = 2015 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22693207/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22693207A67217485.en | accessdate = 5 July 2016}} 2. ^{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages= 150, 390}} 3. ^{{ cite book | last1=Peters | first1=James Lee | author-link=James L. Peters | year=1934 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 2 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=264 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483077 }} 4. ^{{ cite journal | last=Sherborn | first=C. Davies | year=1905 | title=The new species of birds in Vroeg's catalogue, 1764 | journal=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections | volume=47 | pages=332–341 [340 No.306] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8812106 }} Includes a transcript of the 1764 text. 5. ^{{ cite journal | last1=Rookmaaker | first1=L.C. | last2=Pieters | first2=F.F.J.M. | year=2000 | title=Birds in the sales catalogue of Adriaan Vroeg (1764) described by Pallas and Vosmaer | journal=Contributions to Zoology | volume=69 | issue=4 | pages=271–277 | url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/571856 }} 6. ^RSPB Handbook of British Birds (2014). UK {{ISBN|978-1-4729-0647-2}}. 7. ^1 {{harvnb|O'Brien|Crossley|Karlson|2006|p=357}} 8. ^1 {{harvnb|Cramp|1977|p=3}} 9. ^1 2 {{harvnb|Parkin|Knox|2010|p=173}} References}} Sources
External links{{Commons|Tringa erythropus}}{{Wikispecies|Tringa erythropus}}
5 : Tringa|Wading birds|Birds of Scandinavia|Birds of Russia|Birds described in 1764 |
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