| 词条 | Nindowari |
| 释义 |
LocationNindowari is located some {{convert|240|km|mi}} northwest of Karachi, in Ornach Valley in Tehsil Wadh of the Kalat District. It is located on the right bank of the Kud River, a tributary of the Porali River.[3] HistoryNindowari is a site of the prehistoric Kulli culture of Balochistan with links to the Harappan Civilization.[3] The site, spread over an area of 124 acres and {{convert|75|ft|m}} high, is the largest Kulli complex site discovered so far.[1] The settlement was built on a flat schist bed with a central quadrangular platform which was surrounded by buildings on one side. Mounds of various heights were located in the area. The central mound near the platform rose to a height of {{convert|82|ft|m}} and consisted of large stones and boulders. The summit of the mound was accessed via a staricase from the platform showing this mound was considered a monument. Another mound, called Kulliki-an Damb (Mound of Potteries), was located {{convert|590|ft|m}} south of the main mound.[1] The site offers evidence that Kulli culture might be strongly associated with the Harappan Civilization if not directly derived from it. Artifacts excavated from the site show that the two cultures had close interaction.[2] The site was probably abandoned due to a major uplift which resulted in cutting off of the water source from the Kud River.[3] ExcavationsThe site was discovered by Beatrice De Cardi in 1957.[1] French Archaeological Mission, led by Jean-Marie Casal, and Department of Archaeology, Pakistan later carried out the Nindowari excavations from 1962 till 1965, uncovering traces of a Kulli settlement dating back to the third millennium BC.[1] These excavations unearthed Kulli-Harappan pottery and vases with animal figures, mostly bulls and birds. Terracotta figurines of women adorned with jewelry with elaborate details were also discovered. Nal ware (old pottery from Indus Civilization) excavated from the site suggested a pre-Kulli occupation and that the Harrapans were settled in the area in early periods (3200 - 2500 BC).[1] StatusNindo Dam is one of the 27 notified Archaeological Sites and Monuments in Balochistan and protected by the Federal Government under the Federal Antiquities Act.[4] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|title=The Oxford Companion To Archaeology|edition=2|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199739219|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199735785.001.0001/acref-9780199735785-e-0316|editor=Neil Asher Silberman}} {{Cultural heritage sites in Balochistan, Pakistan |state=expanded}}{{Indus Valley Civilization}}{{coord missing|Balochistan, Pakistan}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last=McIntosh|first=Jane R.|title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=1576079074|page=87|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&dq=Nindowari&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Pruthi|first=R.K.|title=Indus Civilization|year=2004|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=8171418651|page=21|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=XgFu-9UF0TYC&pg=PA199}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=List Of Notified Protected Archaeological Sites And Monuments In Pakistan|url=http://www.environment.gov.pk/eia_pdf/f_Crit_%20Areas.pdf|publisher=Government of Pakistan|accessdate=12 October 2013|page=47|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014185608/http://www.environment.gov.pk/eia_pdf/f_Crit_%20Areas.pdf|archivedate=14 October 2013|df=}} 3 : Indus Valley Civilisation sites|Kalat District|Archaeological sites in Balochistan, Pakistan |
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