| 词条 | Ningpo massacre |
| 释义 |
| conflict = The Ningpo Massacre | partof = | image = | caption = | date = 26 June 1857 | place = Ningbo, Qing dynasty | coordinates = | map_type = | latitude = | longitude = | result = Cantonese victory | status = | combatant1 = {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} Qing dynasty | combatant2 = Portuguese Pirates | commander1 = {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} Ah Pak[1] | commander2 = | strength1 = | strength2 = | strength3 = | casualties1 = 2 Chinese 1 English dead | casualties2 = 40 Portuguese dead | notes = }} The Ningpo Massacre was a massacre of Portuguese pirates by Cantonese pirates led by Ah Pak around the city of Ningbo. During the Qing dynasty, in the 1800s, the Ningbo authorities contracted Cantonese pirates to exterminate and massacre Portuguese pirates who raided Cantonese shipping around Ningbo. The massacre was "successful", with 40 Portuguese dead and only two Chinese dead, being dubbed "The Ningpo Massacre" by an English correspondent, who noted that the Portuguese pirates had behaved savagely towards the Chinese, and that the Portuguese authorities at Macau should have reined in the pirates. Battle and MassacrePortuguese pirates who raided Cantonese shipping in the early 19th century were exterminated by Cantonese forces around Ningbo.[2] The people from Ningbo supported the Cantonese massacre of the Portuguese pirates and the attack on the Portuguese consul. The Ningbo authorities had made an agreement with a Cantonese pirate named A'Pak to exterminate the Portuguese pirates. The Portuguese did not even try to fight when the Cantonese pirates sacked their consulate, fleeing and hiding among the tombs. The Cantonese butchered around 40 Portuguese while sacking the consulate. Only two Chinese and one Englishman who sided with the Cantonese died. Further reading
|title=China: being "The Times" special correspondence from China in the years 1857-58 |year=1858 |author=George Wingrove Cooke |editor= |publisher=G. Routledge |edition=reprint |pages=129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134 |accessdate=4 November 2011}}(the University of California)
|title=China and lower Bengal: being "The Times" correspondence from China in the years 1857-58 |volume=|year=1861 |author=George Wingrove Cooke |editor= |publisher=Routledge, Warne, & Routledge |edition=5|pages=129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134 |accessdate=4 November 2011}}(the New York Public Library) Also available [https://archive.org/details/chinaandlowerbe00cookgoog here]
References1. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |author=From the London Times |date=November 26, 1858 |title=The Pirates of the Chinese Seas. |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40F15FE35551B7493C4AB178AD95F4C8584F9 |newspaper=The New York Times |location= |access-date= }} {{coord missing|Zhejiang}}2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LP9q1dzVRYQC&pg=PA67&dq=they+were+destroyed+in+Ningbo+by+a+fleet+of+Chinese+pirates+with+the+support+of+the+local+Chinese+government+and+other+Europeans.&hl=en&ei=hom5TqiXGsGysAL-ieTCCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=they%20were%20destroyed%20in%20Ningbo%20by%20a%20fleet%20of%20Chinese%20pirates%20with%20the%20support%20of%20the%20local%20Chinese%20government%20and%20other%20Europeans.&f=false |title=Macau History and Society |volume= |year=2011 |author=Zhidong Hao |editor= |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |edition=illustrated |location= |isbn=988-8028-54-5 |page=67 |pages= |quote=There was indeed a group of Portuguese who became pirates, called "Macau ruffians," or policemen who turned bad, along with "Manila-men" from the Philippines and escaped African slaves. Their fleet attacked “the Cantonese ships when they could get them at an advantage, and murdered their crews with circumstances of great atrocity.”55 They were destroyed in Ningbo by a fleet of Chinese pirates with the support of the local Chinese government and other Europeans. |accessdate=4 November 2011}} 7 : 19th century in China|China–Portugal relations|Massacres in China|1800s in Asia|June 1857 events|Ningbo|History of Zhejiang |
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