词条 | Spring break |
释义 |
Spring break is a vacation period in early spring at universities and schools which started during the 1930s in the United States and is observed in some other mainly Western countries.[1] Spring break is frequently associated with extensive gatherings and riotous partying in warm climate locations such as Daytona Beach, Florida and Cancun, Mexico, attended regardless of participants' educational standings. As a holiday it is variously known as Easter vacation, Easter holiday, April break, spring vacation, mid-term break, study week, reading week, reading period, or Easter week, depending on regional conventions. HistorySpring break is an academic tradition in various mostly western countries that is scheduled for different periods depending on the state and sometimes the region. AsiaJapanIn Japan, the spring break starts with the end of the academic year in March and ends on April 1 with the beginning of a new academic year. KuwaitIn Kuwait, the spring break is between the two academic or school semesters, usually in December or January, but could last until early February. It is usually a 2 or 3-week break, however, there is no fixed date for it, as the date is adjusted in accordance with the Lunar or Hijri calendar, as it is the case for almost all Arab and Muslim nations. South KoreaIn South Korea, the spring break starts in mid-February (the end of the academic year) and ends on March 1 (a national holiday) with the beginning of a new academic year.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} EuropeCzech RepublicIn the Czech Republic, only primary and secondary school students have a spring break. The break is one week long and the date of the break differs from county to county to avoid overcrowding of the break destinations in the Czech Republic (Czechs usually travel to the mountains to ski there). The counties are divided into six groups, each group containing counties evenly distributed across the country. The first group starts the holiday on the first Monday of February, the last group starts the holiday five weeks later (usually in early March). The last group of counties becomes the first one to have the spring break the next year. GeorgiaBefore 2017, the spring break in Georgia was typically an Easter holiday, lasting from Thursday to Tuesday in the Holy Week. In 2017, the new Minister of Education and Science of Georgia Aleksandre Jejelava made a new reform by which, students of preschools, elementary & high schools as well as colleges and universities get six days of holiday in March, lasting from March 8 to March 15, for people to go on winter vacations or do other activities. GermanyIn Germany, universities typically schedule a semester break of five to eight weeks around March. The Whitsun (Pentecost) holidays around late May or early June are also considered a spring break.[2] GreeceIn Greece, spring break takes place during the Holy Week and the one after it.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} LithuaniaIn Lithuania, spring break (called Easter holidays or spring holidays) takes place one week before Easter and one day after it (as it is the second day of Easter), all school students have this vacation. Primary school students have another week of holidays after Easter. PortugalIn Portugal, spring break is mostly known as "Easter Holidays" and it gives two weeks to all students around the country. RussiaBefore 1917 there was an Easter Break in schools. In the Soviet Union, spring break was always from 24 to 31 of March. Now, many schools in Russia still have the spring break, but the exact date is decided by the school itself. In the majority of cases it is set in the middle of April. Also, the public holidays in May, connected with Labour day, can be an accurate equivatent of the spring break. SlovakiaSlovakia gives a week-long break to its elementary school and secondary school students in the months of February and March. The break is one week long and the date of the break differs from county to county to avoid overcrowding of the break destinations in the Slovak Republic. The counties are divided into three groups, the first group starts the holiday on the end of February, the last group starts the holiday two weeks later (in early March). There is, as well, another shorter Easter break which starts on Holy Thursday and ends on next Tuesday. SpainIn Spain, there is not a spring break. Instead, the Holy Week is celebrated and students usually have holidays during these days. United KingdomThe Easter break in the United Kingdom is from one to two and a half weeks (depending on the local council and school policy) for primary and high schools, and for two to four weeks for university students, and fits around Easter. North AmericaCanadaCanada gives a one or two week-long break to its elementary school and secondary school students in the month of March, with the time varying from province to province; New Brunswick and Quebec, for example, place their March breaks during the first week of March; Ontario, Nova Scotia, and British Columbia schedule theirs during the second or third week; the break in Alberta and Manitoba usually occurs in the last week of March. In Canada, spring Break for post-secondary students is called 'reading week' or 'reading break,' depending on the duration. However, the formal title of Mid-term Break has been the preferred generic term. Reading Week in Canada usually occurs in the month of February, usually coinciding with Family Day. JamaicaIn Jamaica, the spring break starts in the first week of Good Friday. The break may range from one week to two weeks, often times two. This break starts depending on which month the Easter holiday begins, March or April. MexicoIn Mexico, spring break takes place during the Holy Week and the one after it.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} United StatesIn the United States, spring break at universities and colleges can occur from March to April, depending on term dates and when Easter holiday falls. Usually, spring break is about two weeks long, but many K–12 institutions in the United States schedule a two-week-long break known as "Easter Break," "Easter Holidays", or "Easter Vacation", as they generally take place in the weeks before or after Easter.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} However, in the states of Massachusetts and Maine, schools typically schedule spring break for the week of the third Monday in April to coincide with Patriots' Day. Central AmericaGuatemala, El Salvador and HondurasIn Guatemala and Honduras, it takes place during Easter; schools give students a whole week to rest while the staff workforce rests approximately three days.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} South AmericaColombiaIn Colombia, spring break takes place the first week of April, during the Holy Week until the second week. ChileIn Chile, many schools and universities take vacations in the middle of September coinciding with the celebration of the Fiestas Patrias (Celebration of that country).Being located in the Southern Hemisphere, spring begins approximately at the end of this holiday week so it acts similarly to the American spring break. Spring break festivals{{refimprove section|date=March 2014}}Large annual spring break festivities take place in various countries, often in the form of music festivals and joined by special nightclub parties, beach activities and accommodation offers. This is an incomplete list of places with spring break festivals. PacificThe South Pacific enjoys spring break during November. Some tour companies are now chartering out entire island resorts for the festivities.[3] Fiji
Cook Islands
EuropeEuropean party destinations are increasingly becoming popular for international spring break guests.[6] Tour agencies have cited the lower drinking ages in these places and that even then, they are rarely enforced. Some tour companies put on special chartered flights for spring break at discounted rates. Croatia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Spain
North AmericaCaribbean
Mexico
United StatesPanama City Beach, FloridaStarting in the late 90's, Panama City Beach began advertising the destination hoping to attract crowds that had formerly gone to Fort Lauderdale and then Daytona Beach before those communities enacted restrictions. From 2010-2016 an estimated 300,000 students traveled to the destination. The spawn of social media and digital marketing helped boost the beach town into a student mecca during March. Following well publicized shootings and a gang rape in 2015, several new ordinances were put into effect prohibiting drinking on the beach and establishing a bar closing time of 2 a.m. Central Time. Reports show a drop in Panama City Beach's spring break turnout in March 2016[23] followed by increased family tourism in April 2016. Both are credited/blamed on the new ordinances by the Bay County Community Development Corporation (CDC).[24] Fort Lauderdale, FloridaFort Lauderdale's reputation as a spring break destination for college students started when the Colgate University men's swim team arrived to practice there over Christmas break in 1934.[25] Attracting approximately 20,000 college students in the 1950s, spring break was still known as 'Spring vacation' and was a relatively low key affair. This began to change when Glendon Swarthout’s novel, Where the Boys Are was published in 1960, effectively ushering in modern spring break.[26] Swarthout’s 1960 novel was quickly made into a movie of the same title later that year, Where the Boys Are, in which college girls met boys while on spring break there. The number of visiting college students immediately jumped to over 50,000.[27] By the early 1980s, Ft. Lauderdale was attracting between 250,000-350,000 college students per year during spring break. Residents of the Fort Lauderdale area became so upset at the damage done by college students that the local government passed laws restricting parties in 1985. At the same time, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act was enacted in the United States, requiring that Florida raise the minimum drinking age to 21 and inspiring many underage college vacationers to travel to other locations in the United States for spring break. By 1989, the number of college students traveling to Fort Lauderdale fell to 20,000, a far cry from the 350,000 who went four years prior.[27][28]South Padre Island, TexasIn the early 1980s, South Padre Island became the first location outside of Florida to draw a large number of college students for spring break. With only a few thousand residents, South Padre Island has consistently drawn between 80,000 and 120,000 spring breakers for the last 30 years.[29] Corporate marketingIt is common for major brands that cater to the youth market (e.g., Coca-Cola, Gillette, MTV, and branches of the United States Armed Forces) to market at spring break destinations.{{clarify|date=April 2013}} See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Laurie|first1=John|title=Spring break: The Economic, Socio-Cultural and Public Governance Impacts of College Students on Spring break Host Locations|date=2008|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=9781109023091|page=17}} 2. ^studenten-wg.de - About semester breaks in Germany (German) 3. ^Island Party Fiji 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/|title=PM's son among Kiwi partygoers forced off Beachcomber Island by blaze|date=28 November 2015|publisher=|accessdate=15 March 2018|via=www.nzherald.co.nz}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/74753411/what-on-earth-is-spring-break|title=What on earth is Spring Break?|website=Stuff|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Kressmann|first1=Jeremy|title=Budget Travel: European Spring break|url=http://www.gadling.com/2009/02/10/budget-travel-european-spring-break/|accessdate=23 June 2014|date=10 February 2009}} 7. ^[https://www.croatiaspringbreak.com/ Croatia Spring break] 8. ^[https://springbreak-island.com/ Spring break Island] Croatia 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sputnik.de/springbreak|title=SPUTNIK SPRING BREAK - SPUTNIK SPRING BREAK 2018|first=|last=mdr.de|website=MDR SPUTNIK|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 10. ^Annual Baltic Spring break, Usedom Island, Germany 11. ^Firstpost video of Mykonos Spring break 12. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-chatfCBYms Spring break 2011. Balaton], video 13. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUBKkstn7oA Spring break Rimini 2012], video 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://stoketravel.com/trips/spring-break-ibiza/|title=Spring Break Ibiza 2018 - Parties & Accommodation - Stoke Travel|website=stoketravel.com|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.springbreak-espagne.com/|title=Spring break 2018 : springbreak européen en Espagne Voyage étudiant Lloret Salou Jeunes etudiants Open Bar Festival|website=www.springbreak-espagne.com|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seemallorca.com/events/calendar/mallorca-spring|title=Mallorca Spring Break - SeeMallorca.com|website=SeeMallorca.com|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 17. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6vvc1hqbNg 2015 SpringBreak Salou by Funbreak], video 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.springbreak.com/Caribbean/Montego_Bay/Montego_Bay.html|title=Spring Break 2018 in Montego Bay|website=www.springbreak.com|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.springbreak.com/Caribbean/Nassau.html|title=Spring Break 2017 in Nassau|website=www.springbreak.com|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ststravel.com/spring-break/dominican-republic/punta-cana/|title=Punta Cana Spring Break 2018 Packages - STS Travel|website=STSTravel.com|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.springbreak.com/MX_Cities/Acapulco/Acapulco.html|title=Spring Break 2017 in Acapulco, Mexico|website=www.springbreak.com|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 22. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQDc0Kcd8Iw Epic Spring break in Cancun, Mexico], video 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wjhg.com/home/headlines/Some-local-businesses-say-the-smaller-spring-break-crowds-have-had-a-negative-impact-on-the-local-economy-373795851.html|title=Some businesses see negative economic impact this spring break|first=Kelly|last=Baumgarten|publisher=|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsherald.com/news/20160626/panama-city-reports-record-bed-tax-numbers-in-april|title=Panama City reports record bed tax numbers in April|first=KATIE|last=LANDECK|publisher=|accessdate=15 March 2018}} 25. ^{{cite news |last= Marsh |first= Bill |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/19/weekinreview/19marsh.html |title= The innocent birth of the spring bacchanal |work= The New York Times |date= 19 March 2006}} 26. ^{{cite book|last=Laurie|first=John|title=Spring Break: The Economic, Socio-Cultural and Public Governance Effects of College Students on Spring break Host Locations|year=2008|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=9781109023091|page=12}} 27. ^1 {{Cite news |url=http://historymiamiarchives.org/pdfs/sfh-1991-1.pdf |title=Where the boys were |last=George |first=Paul S. |date=1991 |work=South Florida History Magazine |access-date=16 November 2017 |publisher=Historical Association of Southern Florida |issue=1 |pages=5-8 |via=HistoryMiami}} 28. ^{{cite news|last=Bohn|first=Lauren|title=A brief history of spring break|url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1888317,00.html|work= Time |accessdate=3 October 2012|date=30 March 2009}} 29. ^{{cite book|last=Laurie|first=John|title=Spring break: The Economic, Socio-Cultural and Public Governance Impacts of College Students of Spring break Host Locations|year=2008|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=9781109023091|page=66}} External links
4 : Types of secular holidays|Spring (season)|Student culture|Types of tourism |
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