| 词条 | Ni una menos |
| 释义 |
|name = Ni una menos |image = Ni una menos.png |caption = Illustration made by Liniers in 2015, one of the most prominent visual icons of the movement.[1][2] |formation = 2015 |founders = |type = Social movement |location = Argentina |key_people = |website = niunamenos.org.ar }} Ni una menos ({{IPA-es|ni ˈuna ˈmenos|lang}}; Spanish for "Not one [woman] less") is an Argentine fourth-wave[3] grassroots[4] feminist movement, which has spread across several Latin American countries, that campaigns against gender-based violence. In its official website, Ni una menos defines itself as a "collective scream against machista violence."[5] The campaign was started by a collective of Argentine female artists, journalists and academics, and has grown into "a continental alliance of feminist forces".[6] The movement regularly holds protests against femicides, but has also touched on topics such as gender roles, sexual harassment, gender pay gap, sexual objectification, legality of abortion, sex workers' rights and transgender rights. The movement became nationally recognized with the use of the hashtag #NiUnaMenos on social media, title under which massive demonstrations were held on June 3, 2015, having the Palace of the Argentine National Congress as a main meeting point. The protest was organized after the murder of 14-year-old Chiara Paez, found buried underneath her boyfriend's house on May 11, beaten to death and a few weeks pregnant.[6] A viral phenomenon which extended to countries such as Uruguay and Chile,[7] it managed to congregate around 200,000 people in Buenos Aires alone.[8] On June 3, 2016 the multitudinous demonstration took place once again throughout Argentina's most important cities, under the new slogan #VivasNosQueremos (English: #WeWantUsAlive);[9][10] the march was also replicated in Montevideo, Uruguay and Santiago, Chile.[11][12] A #NiUnaMenos march also took place in Lima, Peru on August 13, 2016, with thousands of people gathering in front of the Palace of Justice.[13] Newspaper La República considered it the largest demonstration in Peruvian history.[14] On October 19, 2016 the Ni una menos collective organized a first-ever women mass strike, in response to the murder of 16-year-old Lucía Pérez, who was raped and impaled in the coastal city of Mar del Plata.[15][16] It consisted of a one-hour pause from work and study early in the afternoon, with protesters dressed in mourning for what was known as Miércoles negro (Spanish for "Black Wednesday").[17] These protests became region-wide and gave the movement a greater international momentum, with street demonstrations also taking place in Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Spain.[18][19][20] A week later, a protest also took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which has been considered "yet another clear sign that Ni una menos has become a rallying cry for the region."[21] On March 8, 2017, Ni una menos took part of the International Women's Strike.[22] The strike was spearheaded in the United States by the leaders of the Women's March on Washington, who in a call to arms letter in The Guardian pointed to Ni una menos as an inspiration.[23][24]In 2016, Argentine scientists Julián Petrulevicius and Pedro Gutiérrez named Tupacsala niunamenos, a dragonfly species found in La Rioja, after the movement. The genus Tupacsala was chosen in honor of Túpac Amaru II and Milagro Sala's organization named after him.[25] OriginThe collective takes its name from a 1995 phrase by Mexican poet and activist Susana Chávez, "Ni una muerta más" (Spanish for "Not one more [woman] dead"), in protest to the female homicides in Ciudad Juárez. Chávez herself was assassinated in 2011, moment in which the phrase became a "symbol of struggle".[26][27] The first protest organized by Ni una menos was held in Recoleta, Buenos Aires on March 26, 2015, and consisted of a reading marathon, performance art and screenings; the catalyst of the event was the murder of Daiana García, found dead in a garbage bag on March 16.[28] CriticismThe movement has been criticized by some journalists, especially since 2017, for some of its demands, such as the freedom of Milagro Sala.[29] See also{{portal|Feminism|Social movements|Latin America|2010s}}{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.clarin.com/cultura/niunamenos-langer-liniers-maitena-bernasconi-femicidio-erlich_0_ryx-oOFwXg.html|title=Un estallido de imágenes para decir #NiUnaMenos|last=Roffo|first=Julieta|date=May 29, 2015|work=Clarín|publisher=Clarín Group|language=Spanish|access-date=April 25, 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.infobae.com/sociedad/2017/04/09/el-emotivo-homenaje-de-liniers-a-micaela/|title=El emotivo homenaje de Liniers a Micaela|last=Roffo|first=Julieta|date=April 9, 2017|publisher=Infobae|language=Spanish|access-date=April 25, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://broadly.vice.com/amp/en_us/article/3kpk53/-womens-strike-organizer-cecilia-palmeiro-feminism-for-the-99-percent|title=A Women's Strike Organizer on Feminism for the 99 Percent|date=December 11, 2017|accessdate=May 5, 2018|first=Linda|last=Young|publisher=Broadly. Vice Media}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/south-america/argentina/articles/ni-una-menos-an-uprising-of-women-in-argentina/|title=Ni Una Menos: An Uprising of Women in Argentina|date=December 15, 2017|accessdate=May 5, 2018|first=Rose|last=Palmer|publisher=Culture Trip}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://niunamenos.com.ar/?page_id=6|title=Qué es Ni una menos|language=Spanish|publisher=Ni una menos|access-date=April 21, 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jun/08/argentina-murder-women-gender-violence-protest|title=How Argentina rose up against the murder of women|last=Pomeraniec|first=Hinde|date=June 8, 2015|publisher=theguardian.com|access-date=April 22, 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.laizquierdadiario.com.uy/En-Uruguay-Chile-y-Mexico-tambien-Ni-una-menos|title=En Uruguay, Chile y México también: ¡Ni una menos!|publisher=La Izquierda Diario|date=June 4, 2015|language=Spanish|access-date=April 22, 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/argentina-200000-rally-against-femicide-domestic-violence-buenos-aires-1504391|title=Argentina: 200,000 rally against femicide and domestic violence in Buenos Aires|last=Porter|first=Tom|date=June 4, 2015|work=International Business Times|publisher=IBT Media|access-date=April 22, 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/internacional/multitudinaria-marcha-buenos-aires-contra-violencia-machista-5180733|title=Multitudinaria marcha en Buenos Aires contra la violencia machista|date=June 4, 2016|work=El Periódico de Catalunya|publisher=Grupo Zeta|access-date=April 24, 2017|language=Spanish}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1905306-niunamenos-275-femicidios-entre-una-marcha-y-otra|title=NiUnaMenos: 275 femicidios entre una marcha y otra|last=Rodríguez|first=Fernando|date=June 3, 2016|work=La Nación|publisher=SA La Nación|access-date=April 24, 2017|language=Spanish}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cronicaviva.com.pe/uruguay-miles-de-personas-marchan-contra-la-violencia-hacia-las-mujeres/|title=Uruguay: Miles de personas marchan contra la violencia hacia las mujeres|date=June 4, 2016|work=CrónicaViva|publisher= Universidad Jaime Bausate y Meza|access-date=April 24, 2017|language=Spanish}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/marchanenargentinachileyuruguaycontrafeminicidios-2335180.html|title=Marchan en Argentina, Chile y Uruguay contra feminicidios|date=June 3, 2016|work=|publisher=Periódico Vanguardia|access-date=April 25, 2017|language=Spanish}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://elcomercio.pe/sociedad/lima/niunamenos-todo-lo-que-necesitas-saber-sobre-marcha-manana-noticia-1923768|title=#NiUnaMenos: así fue la marcha contra la violencia a la mujer|date=August 14, 2016|work=El Comercio|publisher=Grupo El Comercio|access-date=April 25, 2017|language=Spanish}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://larepublica.pe/impresa/sociedad/793959-la-mas-grande-de-la-historia|title=La más grande de la historia|last=Chinchay|first=Maricarmen |last2=Cortijo|first2=Carlos|date=August 14, 2016|work=La República|publisher=Grupo La República|access-date=April 25, 2017|language=Spanish}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/223262/women-set-for-firstever-general-strike-in-argentine-history|title=Women set for first-ever general strike in Argentine history|last=Schinca|first=Ximena|date=October 19, 2016|work=Buenos Aires Herald|publisher=Editorial Amfin S.A.|access-date=April 25, 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-37662156|title=El "aberrante" caso del empalamiento de una niña de 16 años que indigna a Argentina|last=Pardo|first=Daniel|date=October 14, 2016|publisher=BBC Mundo. BBC World Service|access-date=April 25, 2017|language=Spanish}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ni-una-menos-protests_us_5808d7a7e4b0dd54ce389340|title=Women Across Latin America Protest After The Rape And Murder Of A Teenage Girl|date=October 20, 2016|work=HuffPost|publisher=AOL|access-date=April 25, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/niunamenos-how-a-schoolgirls-brutal-gang-rape-and-murder-united/|title=NiUnaMenos: How the brutal gang rape and murder of a schoolgirl united the furious women of Latin America|last=Gordon|first=Sarah|date=October 21, 2016|publisher=telegraph.co.uk|access-date=April 25, 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/niunamenos-argentina-marcha-asesinato-adolescente-noticia-1940099|title=#NiUnaMenos: Varios países se suman al clamor de Argentina|date=October 19, 2016|work=El Comercio|publisher=Grupo El Comercio|access-date=April 25, 2017|language=Spanish}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/20/argentina-women-south-america-marches-violence-ni-una-menos|title=Argentina's women joined across South America in marches against violence|last=Goñi|first=Uki|date=October 20, 2016|publisher=theguardian.com|access-date=April 22, 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thebubble.com/ni-una-menos-reaches-rio-is-there-hope-to-end-gender-violence-in-brazil/|title=Ni Una Menos Reaches Rio: Is There Hope To End Gender Violence In Brazil?|last=Jensen|first=Emily|date=October 26, 2016|publisher=The Bubble|access-date=April 22, 2017}} 22. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/03/argentina-ni-una-menos-femicides-women-strike/|title=Argentina's Life-or-Death Women's Movement|last=Gago|first=Verónica|last2=Santomaso|first2=Agustina|date=March 7, 2017|work=Jacobin|publisher=Bhaskar Sunkara|access-date=April 25, 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://remezcla.com/features/culture/ni-una-menos-collective-argentina-founders/|title=Meet the Argentine Women Behind Ni Una Menos, the Feminist Collective Angela Davis Cites as Inspiration|last=Beatley|first=Megan|date=March 9, 2017|website= |publisher=Remezcla. Remezcla LLC|access-date=April 25, 2017}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/feb/06/women-strike-trump-resistance-power|title=Women of America: we're going on strike. Join us so Trump will see our power |last=Alcoff|first=Linda Martín|author-link=Linda Martín Alcoff|last2=Arruzza|first2=Cinzia|last3=Bhattacharya|first3=Tithi|last4=Fraser|first4=Nancy|author-link4=Nancy Fraser|last5=Ransby|first5=Barbara|last6=Taylor|first6=Keeanga-Yamahtta|last7=Odeh|first7=Rasmea|author-link7=Rasmea Odeh|last8=Davis|first8=Angela|author-link8=Angela Davis|date=February 6, 2017|publisher=theguardian.com|access-date=April 25, 2017}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/2010408-argentinala-cristinae-dos-cientificos-del-conicet-bautizaron-a-un-insecto-en-honor-a-cristina-kirchner|title=Argentinala Cristinae: dos científicos del Conicet bautizaron a un insecto "en honor" a Cristina Kirchner|date=April 14, 2017|work=La Nación|publisher=SA La Nación|access-date=April 24, 2017|language=Spanish}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.minutouno.com/notas/365815-niunamenos-quien-fue-la-autora-la-consigna-que-une-miles-contra-la-violencia-genero|language=Spanish|title=#NiUnaMenos: ¿Quién fue la autora de la consigna que une a miles contra la violencia de género?|date=June 3, 2015|publisher=Minutouno.com|accessdate=March 26, 2018}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://elcomercio.pe/eldominical/accion-noticia-501563|language=Spanish|title=El tiempo de la acción|last=Subirana Abanto|first=Katherine|date=March 4, 2018|work=El Comercio|accessdate=March 26, 2018}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.surcapitalino.com.ar/detalle_noticias.php?Id=3598|title=Maratón de lectura contra los femicidios |language=Spanish|date=March 26, 2015|publisher=Sur Capitalino|access-date=April 22, 2017}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elintransigente.com/sociedad/2017/6/5/politizacion-menos-aspero-debate-intratables-mira-video-439595.html|title=La politización de Ni Una Menos: áspero debate en Intratables. Mirá el video|last=|first=|date=June 5, 2017|work=El Intransigente|publisher=Infobae|language=Spanish|accessdate=June 25, 2017}} External links
14 : 2015 protests|2016 protests|Fourth-wave feminism|Feminist organizations|Women's organisations based in Argentina|Argentine women's rights activists|Political movements in Argentina|2015 establishments in Argentina|Feminist protests|Women's marches|History of women's rights|2010s in South America|2010s in North America|Violence against women in South America |
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