| 词条 | Squamish, British Columbia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Squamish |official_name = District of Squamish[1] |other_name = Newport |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = District municipality |motto = |image_skyline = SquamishMain.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Cleveland Avenue in Squamish with Mount Garibaldi looming in the background |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = Squamish-logo.png |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Canada British Columbia#Canada |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption =Location of Squamish in British Columbia |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Canada |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = British Columbia |subdivision_type2 = Region |subdivision_name2 = Howe Sound/Sea to Sky Country |subdivision_type3 = Regional District |subdivision_name3 = Squamish-Lillooet Regional District |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = Elected council |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Patricia Heintzman |leader_title1 = Governing body |leader_name1 = Squamish Council |leader_title2 = MP |leader_name2 = Pamela Goldsmith-Jones |leader_title3 = MLA |leader_name3 = Jordan Sturdy |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_total_km2 = 104.88 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2016 |population_footnotes = [2] |population_note = |population_total = 19,512 |population_density_km2 = 186.1 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |population_demonym = Squamite, Squamoleon{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} |timezone = Pacific Time Zone |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = Pacific Daylight Time |utc_offset_DST = -7 |coordinates = {{coord|49|42|06|N|123|09|32|W|type:city_region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 5 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Forward sortation area |postal_code = V8B |area_code = 604 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = District of Squamish |footnotes = }}Squamish ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|w|ɔː|m|ɪ|ʃ}}; 2016 census population 19,512)[4] is a community and a district municipality in the Canadian province of British Columbia, located at the north end of Howe Sound on the Sea to Sky Highway. The population of the Squamish census agglomeration – including First Nation reserves of the Squamish Nation not governed by the municipality – is 19,893.[5] The town of Squamish had its beginning during the construction of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway in the 1910s. It was the first southern terminus of that railway (now a part of CN). The town remains important in the operations of the line and also the port. Forestry has traditionally been the main industry in the area, and the town's largest employer was the pulp mill operated by Western Forest Products. However, Western's operations in Squamish permanently ceased on January 26, 2006.[6] Before the pulp mill, the town's largest employer had been International Forest Products (Interfor) with its sawmill and logging operation, but it closed a few years prior to the pulp mill's closing. In recent years, Squamish has become popular with Vancouver and Whistler residents' escaping the increased cost of living in those places, both less than one hour away by highway. Tourism is an increasingly important part of the town's economy, with an emphasis on outdoor recreation. Squamish people{{Main article|Squamish people}}The Squamish people are an indigenous people whose homeland includes the present day area of Squamish, British Columbia. They have inhabited an area of southwestern British Columbia that includes North and West Vancouver, Howe Sound, Whistler, the areas surrounding the tributaries entering Howe Sound, Burrard Inlet, and English Bay. The word Squamish derives from the name of the people which in their language is Sḵwx̱wú7mesh. The people reside primarily on a number of Indian Reserves owned and managed by the Squamish Nation in the Squamish Valley area. A few places and names in the Squamish area derive from Squamish language words and names. Ch’iyáḵmesh is the name of an old village that was located on the Cheakamus River. St’á7mes is a community located near the south entrance to the town of Squamish, which lies below the Stawamus Chief, which gets its name from that village. Mámx̱wem is where the Mamquam River name comes from as well. Squamish territory comprises 6,732 km², though lands controlled by the Squamish Nation band government are relatively scarce, and on Indian reserves only, though the Squamish Nation must be, like other native governments, consulted on developments within their people's territory. Residents of Indian Reserves are not governed by the District of Squamish but by the Squamish Nation. The Squamish Nation's population and Indian Reserves also include villages in North Vancouver and a number of other reserves at Gibsons and elsewhere in the general region. The name Keh Kait was the traditional name for the site of downtown Squamish.[7] ActivitiesAttractions include the Stawamus Chief, a huge cliff-faced granite massif favoured by rock climbers. As well as over 300 climbing routes on the Chief proper, a majority of which require traditional climbing protection, there are steep hiking trails around the back to access the three peaks that make up the massif, all giving views of Howe Sound and the surrounding Coast Mountains. In all, between Shannon Falls, Murrin Park, The Malamute, and the Little Smoke Bluffs, there are over 1200 rock-climbing routes in the Squamish area (and another 300 or so climbs north of Squamish on the road to Whistler). In recent years, Squamish has also become a major destination for bouldering, with over 2500 problems described in the local guidebook.[8] Kiteboarding and windsurfing are popular water sports in Squamish during the summer. Predictable wind on warm sunny days makes the Squamish Spit a top kiteboarding location in western Canada.[9] Squamish's extensive quality trail system is a key feature of an annual 50-mile ultra trail run, the Squamish 50. Solo runners and relay teams run on many of the same trails as the Test of Metal, and pass through Alice Lake Provincial Park and the campus of Quest University. "The Double" is an award offered annually to the participant with the fastest combined time for both the Test of Metal and Arc'teryx Squamish 50.[10][11] Other tourist attractions in Squamish include Shannon Falls waterfall; river-rafting on the Elaho and Squamish rivers; snowmobiling on nearby Brohm Ridge; and bald eagle viewing in the community of Brackendale, which has one of North America's largest populations of bald eagles.[12] Squamish is also a popular destination among Greater Vancouver hikers, mountaineers and backcountry skiers, who visit the large provincial parks in the surrounding Coast Mountains. PoliticsThe current mayor of Squamish is Patricia Heintzman, who won the 2014 election. Previous mayors have included Rob Kirkham (2011-2014); Greg Gardner (2008-2011); Ian Sutherland (2002–2008) among others. Current council members are Doug Race, Jason Blackman-Wulff, Karen Elliott, Peter Kent, Susan Chapelle, and Ted Prior.[13] The municipality is part of the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District. On the provincial level, Squamish is in the West Vancouver-Sea to Sky electoral district. The MLA is Jordan Sturdy (BC Liberal). He was elected in the 2013 provincial election after his predecessor, Joan McIntyre, also of the British Columbia Liberal Party, retired from politics. Sturdy was the sitting mayor of the town of Pemberton at the time of his election to the British Columbia Legislature. He was re-elected in the 2017 provincial election and appointed the critic for Transportation and Infrastructure.[14] Federally, Squamish is a part of the West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country electoral district. It is represented by Pamela Goldsmith-Jones of the Liberal Party, who took office after Canada's 2015 federal election. EducationSquamish has five English public elementary schools: Brackendale Elementary, Garibaldi Highlands Elementary, Mamquam Elementary, Squamish Elementary, and Valleycliffe Elementary. Under the Sea to Sky Learning Connections, the public schools district also manages Sea to Sky Online, Seat to Sky Alternative, Cultural Journeys, and Learning Expeditions. The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates one Francophone primary school in that city: the école Les Aiglons.[15] There are two public secondary schools – Howe Sound Secondary School and Don Ross Secondary School – as well as the board office for School District 48 Howe Sound. Squamish hosts three private schools: Squamish Montessori Elementary School, Cedar Valley Waldorf School,[16] and Coast Mountain Academy for grades 7 through 12. Coast Mountain Academy is located in the campus of Quest University. Capilano University offers post-secondary education through its Squamish campus, including diploma programs and university transfer courses. Quest University, which opened in September 2007, is Canada's first private, non-profit, secular university.[17]{{wide image|Stawamish Chief panorama 02.jpg|1000px|A panorama from the summit of the Stawamus Chief in Squamish}}Society and cultureSquamish is home to a variety of faiths. There are eleven churches and religious organizations, including several Christian denominations, as well as the Bahá'í Faith, and a Sikh temple. The Squamish Public Library is located in the downtown area on Second Avenue. The library houses a collection of books, CDs,DVDs, and magazines. It has an Art for Loan collection and an online historical archive of various photographs, periodicals, and other items. Nearby museums include the Britannia Mine Museum and the West Coast Railway Association. In 1998, Squamish was briefly the home of the world's first unionized McDonald's franchise, although the union was decertified by the summer of 1999.[18] Every year, Squamish hosts the popular Squamish Valley Music Festival, though they did not proceed with the festival in 2016.[19] Usually taking place in August, the festival has hosted artists such as Eminem, Bruno Mars, Macklemore and Arcade Fire. In mediaSquamish has been a filming location for a number of media works. Examples include the films Insomnia (2002 film), Walking Tall (2004 film), Chaos Theory (2008), Star Trek Beyond (2016), the television series Men In Trees, The Guard, A&E's U.S. adaptation of The Returned, the Hallmark Channel's Aurora Teagarden mysteries, and Netflix's Lost in Space reboot. Demographics{{Historical populations|1981|10272 |1986|10157 |1991|11709 |1996|13944 |2001|14247 |2006|14949 |2011|17158 |2016|19512 |footnote=[20] }}
ClimateSquamish is one of the wettest inhabited locations in Canada, with over {{convert|2200|mm|in}} of rainfall per year, often falling in long stretches through the winter. {{Weather box|location = Squamish |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 14.5 |Feb record high C = 20.5 |Mar record high C = 26 |Apr record high C = 30.5 |May record high C = 36.5 |Jun record high C = 35 |Jul record high C = 36 |Aug record high C = 35 |Sep record high C = 37 |Oct record high C = 29 |Nov record high C = 17.5 |Dec record high C = 13 |year record high C = 37 |Jan high C = 5.6 |Feb high C = 8.7 |Mar high C = 11.3 |Apr high C = 15.1 |May high C = 18.1 |Jun high C = 20.5 |Jul high C = 23.1 |Aug high C = 23.3 |Sep high C = 20.7 |Oct high C = 14.6 |Nov high C = 8.7 |Dec high C = 5.2 |year high C = 14.6 |Jan mean C = 2.7 |Feb mean C = 4.6 |Mar mean C = 6.7 |Apr mean C = 9.9 |May mean C = 12.9 |Jun mean C = 15.5 |Jul mean C = 17.8 |Aug mean C = 17.8 |Sep mean C = 15.0 |Oct mean C = 10.3 |Nov mean C = 5.5 |Dec mean C = 2.5 |year mean C = 10.1 |Jan low C = -0.3 |Feb low C = 0.4 |Mar low C = 2.1 |Apr low C = 4.6 |May low C = 7.6 |Jun low C = 10.4 |Jul low C = 12.4 |Aug low C = 12.2 |Sep low C = 9.2 |Oct low C = 5.9 |Nov low C = 2.3 |Dec low C = -0.2 |year low C = 5.5 |Jan record low C = -12.5 |Feb record low C = -14.5 |Mar record low C = -8 |Apr record low C = -2 |May record low C = 0.5 |Jun record low C = 3.5 |Jul record low C = 6 |Aug record low C = 5 |Sep record low C = 1.5 |Oct record low C = -4 |Nov record low C = -9.5 |Dec record low C = -14.5 |year record low C = -14.5 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 326.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 192.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 206.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 152.6 |May precipitation mm = 115.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 82.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 59.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 66.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 82.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 255.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 391.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 299.0 |year precipitation mm = 2230.2 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 300.2 |Feb rain mm = 179.7 |Mar rain mm = 198.4 |Apr rain mm = 152.5 |May rain mm = 115.7 |Jun rain mm = 82.6 |Jul rain mm = 59.3 |Aug rain mm = 66.2 |Sep rain mm = 82.6 |Oct rain mm = 255.5 |Nov rain mm = 382.2 |Dec rain mm = 268.4 |year rain mm = 2143.3 |Jan snow cm = 25.9 |Feb snow cm = 13.1 |Mar snow cm = 8.1 |Apr snow cm = 0.1 |May snow cm = 0 |Jun snow cm = 0 |Jul snow cm = 0 |Aug snow cm = 0 |Sep snow cm = 0 |Oct snow cm = 0 |Nov snow cm = 9.2 |Dec snow cm = 30.6 |year snow cm = 87.0 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 19.4 |Feb precipitation days = 14.8 |Mar precipitation days = 18.5 |Apr precipitation days = 16.3 |May precipitation days = 14.2 |Jun precipitation days = 12.1 |Jul precipitation days = 8.3 |Aug precipitation days = 8.3 |Sep precipitation days = 8.8 |Oct precipitation days = 17.1 |Nov precipitation days = 21.1 |Dec precipitation days = 19.7 |year precipitation days = 178.4 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 17.2 |Feb rain days = 14.0 |Mar rain days = 18.2 |Apr rain days = 16.3 |May rain days = 14.2 |Jun rain days = 12.1 |Jul rain days = 8.3 |Aug rain days = 8.3 |Sep rain days = 8.8 |Oct rain days = 17.1 |Nov rain days = 20.5 |Dec rain days = 17.6 |year rain days= 172.5 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 4.3 |Feb snow days = 2.0 |Mar snow days = 1.1 |Apr snow days = 0.05 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 1.8 |Dec snow days = 4.1 |year snow days = 13.3 |source 1 = [23] }} TransitPublic transportation is provided by the Squamish Transit System; this service is free over the summer to students at school age (elementary and secondary). Daily bus service to Vancouver and YVR Vancouver Airport is provided by YVR Skylynx with multiple departures every day. NeighbourhoodsNeighbourhoods of Squamish include:
Nearby localities
Notable people
Sister citiesSquamish has a sister city arrangement with the following city:
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cscd.gov.bc.ca/lgd/infra/library/Name%20Incorp%202011.xls|title=British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address|publisher=British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development|type=XLS|accessdate=November 2, 2014}} 2. ^[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5931006&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Squamish&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&wbdisable=true Census Profile, 2016 Census - Squamish, District municipality Census subdivision, British Columbia and British Columbia Province] 3. ^ 4. ^Statistics Canada. Squamish District Municipality Census Profile, 2016 Census – 100% data Retrieved on: July 22, 2017. 5. ^Statistics Canada. Squamish Census Agglomeration Profile, 2016 Census – 100% data Retrieved on: July 22, 2017. 6. ^Western Forest Products [https://web.archive.org/web/20061114022503/http://www.westernforest.com/domans/download/NR12May2006.pdf Western Forest Products Announces Q1 2006 Results/Strategic Acquisitions Closed]. Press Release, May 12, 2006. retrieved on: July 30, 2007. 7. ^{{BCGNIS|38680|Squamish (district municipality)}} 8. ^Squamish Bouldering, 2nd Edition, Quickdraw Publications, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-9732593-7-7}}. 9. ^Squamish Spit 10. ^Squamish 50 11. ^Not just for biking: Garibaldi Highlands 12. ^Eagle & Bird Watching - District of Squamish 13. ^Council - District of Squamish 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://jordansturdymla.ca/about/|title=About {{!}} MLA Jordan Sturdy|website=jordansturdymla.ca|access-date=2018-08-07}} 15. ^"Carte des écoles." Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britanique. Retrieved on 22 January 2015. 16. ^Cedar Valley Waldorf School 17. ^{{cite news|last=Millar|first=Erin|title=The great experiment: Quest University’s radical step in higher education|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/education/canadian-university-report/the-great-experiment-quest-universitys-radical-step-in-higher-education/article4620451/|accessdate=15 November 2012|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|date=22 October 2012}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/mcdonald-s-workers-decertify-union-1.195322 |title=McDonald's workers decertify union |location= Canada |work=CBC News}} 19. ^Squamish Valley Music Festival 20. ^Population 1981/1986{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5931006&Geo2=CD&Code2=5931&Data=Count&SearchText=squamish&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census |publisher=2.statcan.gc.ca |date=2017-11-29 |accessdate=2018-07-24}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5931006&Geo2=CD&Code2=5931&Data=Count&SearchText=squamish&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Aboriginal%20peoples&TABID=1 |title=Aboriginal population |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date=2010-10-06 |accessdate=2017-11-29}} 23. ^{{cite web |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=341&lang=e&StationName=squamish&SearchType=Contains&stnNameSubmit=go&dCode=0|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data |publisher= Environment Canada |accessdate=October 18, 2015 }} 24. ^Mikecarney.com 25. ^http://www.thefader.com/2015/07/28/grimes-cover-story-interview 26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/sistercity-jumelage.aspx?lang=eng|title=List of Canada-Japan Sister and Friendship Cities|last=Government of Canada|first=Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada|access-date=2017-02-05}} External links{{commons category|Squamish, British Columbia}}{{wikivoyage|Squamish}}
| Northwest = Squamish River | North = Whistler | Northeast = Garibaldi Provincial Park | | West = Tantalus Range | Centre = Squamish | | East = Garibaldi Ranges | | Southwest = Howe Sound | | South = Lions Bay | Southeast = North Shore Mountains | }}{{Subdivisions of British Columbia|district=yes|state=expanded}} 2 : Squamish, British Columbia|Populated places on the British Columbia Coast |
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